前列腺癌大分割调强放疗副反应初步分析

Objective To analyze the acute and late toxicities in patients with prostate cancer trea-ted with hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods Between June 2006 and June 2008, 37 patients with prostate cancer were treated with hypofractionated IMRT. The clinical target vol-ume (CTV) was the prostate, seminal vesicles and pelvic lymph nodes in 24 patients, the prostate and semi-hal vesicles in 12, and only the tumor bed in 1. The dose per fraction was 2.3 - 2.8 Gy, with 2.7 Gy in 26 patients. The minimal dose was 62.5-75.0 Gy to the prostate and seminal vesicles, and 50 Gy to the pelvic lymph nodes. Results The median follow-up was 14 months. None of the patients experienced grade 4 a-cute gastro-intestinal (GI) toxicity. Grade 1, 2 and 3 acute GI toxicity occurred in 24.3%, 35.1% and 2.7% of the patients, respectively. The rectal V50>27% and V55>20% were highly significantly associat-ed with grade ≥1 acute GI toxicity. Grade 1,2 and 3 acute genitourinary (GU) toxicity occurred in 68%, 0% and 3% of the patients, respectively. The bladder V50> 10% was significantly associated with grade ≥1 acute GU toxicity. The incidence of late GI toxicity was low. No grade ≥3 late GI toxicity was observed. The incidence of late grade 1 and 2 GI toxicity was 24% and 5%, respectively. The rectal V65> 10% was highly significantly associated with grade ≥1 late GI toxicity. No late grade 4 GU toxicity was observed. The incidence of grade 1, 2 and 3 late GU toxicity was 49%, 11% and 3%, respectively. Grade ≥2 late GU toxicity was correlated with V40, V50 and mean dose of the bladder. Conclusions Acute and late toxicity of hypofractionated IMRT is acceptable in patients with prostate cancer.     

促进瘤周纤维化治疗中晚期肝癌的实验研究

目的为解决中晚期肝癌临床切除率低、手术创伤大、转移率高等问题,我们设计了含瘤肝叶胆管支、门静脉支联合结扎的方法,对大鼠移植性肝癌模型进行了治疗性研究.方法应用R-35大鼠肝癌瘤株制备Wister大鼠移植性肝癌模型,分组实施含瘤肝叶的门静脉支胆管支联合结扎术及对照手术.对比观察大鼠死亡率、转移率、治疗成功率;原位末端检测观察癌细胞凋亡情况;免疫组化测定肝癌细胞MMP-9表达情况;免疫组化方法观察Ito细胞、Ⅰ、Ⅳ型胶原的增生情况;原位杂交检测α1Ⅰ、α1Ⅳ型前胶原mRNA表达及定位情况.结果手术组与对照组相比死亡率31.3%∶68.8%、腹腔转移率31.3%∶62.5%、肝内转移率12.5%∶43.8%、腹腔转移合并肝内转移率6.3%∶37.5%、治疗成功率为43.8%;对照组平均AI值=4.32±0.24,治疗组平均AI值=12.80±1.17;纤维包裹癌团MMP-9表达总阳性率为24.24%、强阳性率为9.09%,自由生长癌团MMP-9表达总阳性率为87.88%、强阳性率为42.42%;Ito细胞和Ⅳ型胶原完成早期瘤周纤维包裹,为I型胶原的沉积做出引导和铺垫;癌周纤维化早期,Ito细胞及MF主要对α1(Ⅳ)前胶原mRNA做出表达,中期α1(Ⅰ)前胶原mRNA杂交信号开始出现并增多,后期二者趋于稳定.结论联合结扎法可使肝癌团块周围发生广泛的肝纤维化,有效的包裹和限制了肝癌细胞团的膨胀性生长,显著地降低了肝癌死亡率、腹腔和肝内转移率;纤维紧密包裹有力影响了癌细胞表达和分泌MMP-9蛋白,降低了癌细胞侵袭和转移的能力,增加了癌细胞凋亡的比例;Ito细胞是癌周纤维化过程中胶原生成的先驱细胞,激活后的Ito细胞可进一步转变为MF和Fb,成为癌周纤维化过程中的主要胶原生成细胞.     

前列腺癌大分割调强放疗副反应初步分析

Objective To analyze the acute and late toxicities in patients with prostate cancer trea-ted with hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods Between June 2006 and June 2008, 37 patients with prostate cancer were treated with hypofractionated IMRT. The clinical target vol-ume (CTV) was the prostate, seminal vesicles and pelvic lymph nodes in 24 patients, the prostate and semi-hal vesicles in 12, and only the tumor bed in 1. The dose per fraction was 2.3 - 2.8 Gy, with 2.7 Gy in 26 patients. The minimal dose was 62.5-75.0 Gy to the prostate and seminal vesicles, and 50 Gy to the pelvic lymph nodes. Results The median follow-up was 14 months. None of the patients experienced grade 4 a-cute gastro-intestinal (GI) toxicity. Grade 1, 2 and 3 acute GI toxicity occurred in 24.3%, 35.1% and 2.7% of the patients, respectively. The rectal V50>27% and V55>20% were highly significantly associat-ed with grade ≥1 acute GI toxicity. Grade 1,2 and 3 acute genitourinary (GU) toxicity occurred in 68%, 0% and 3% of the patients, respectively. The bladder V50> 10% was significantly associated with grade ≥1 acute GU toxicity. The incidence of late GI toxicity was low. No grade ≥3 late GI toxicity was observed. The incidence of late grade 1 and 2 GI toxicity was 24% and 5%, respectively. The rectal V65> 10% was highly significantly associated with grade ≥1 late GI toxicity. No late grade 4 GU toxicity was observed. The incidence of grade 1, 2 and 3 late GU toxicity was 49%, 11% and 3%, respectively. Grade ≥2 late GU toxicity was correlated with V40, V50 and mean dose of the bladder. Conclusions Acute and late toxicity of hypofractionated IMRT is acceptable in patients with prostate cancer.     

肝脏海绵状血管瘤血供来源及硬化、栓塞治疗的研究

对肝脏海绵状血管瘤(CHL)病人进行术中门静脉插管造影、门静脉注射亚甲兰肝脏染色(各5例)及切除标本血管铸型研究,证实CHL是肝动脉畸形,其血供完全来自肝动脉,与门静脉无关。依此理论经肝动脉途径,进行硬化或明胶微球碘化油乳剂栓塞治疗50例,均可达到瘤体纤维化闭塞目的。介入放射学栓塞治疗最为理想。本法为CHL开拓了非切肝治疗或介入治疗的新方法。     

肿瘤标志物ESM-1 MMP-2和MMP-9鉴别良恶性胸腔积液的临床意义

［摘要］　目的　探讨肿瘤标志物内皮细胞特异因子-1（ESM-1）、基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）和基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）鉴别良恶性胸腔积液的临床意义。方法　选择2018年1月至2019年3月暨南大学附属广州红十字会医院心胸外科收治的胸腔积液患者99例,其中恶性胸腔积液患者53例（恶性胸腔积液组）,良性胸腔积液患者46例（良性胸腔积液组）。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测患者胸腔积液中ESM-1、MMP-2和MMP-9的水平。应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析ESM-1、MMP-2和MMP-9鉴别良恶性胸腔积液的诊断效能。结果　恶性胸腔积液组胸腔积液ESM-1、MMP-2和MMP-9水平显著高于良性胸腔积液组（P<0.05）。恶性胸腔积液患者的病理类型、T分期与胸腔积液ESM-1、MMP-2、MMP-9的水平存在显著关联（P<0.05）;远隔器官转移情况与MMP-2、MMP-9水平存在显著关联（P<0.05）,而与ESM-1关联性不显著（P>0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示,ESM-1、MMP-2和MMP-9均具有鉴别良恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值（P<0.05）,其截断值分别为40.110 ng/ml、446.690 ng/ml和145.560 ng/ml。将ESM-1、MMP-2和MMP-9进行联合诊断,结果显示,MMP-2+MMP-9组合获得的灵敏度最高（96.2%）,MMP-2+ESM-1组合获得的特异度最高（89.1%）,而ESM-1+MMP-2+MMP-9组合的诊断效能最优（AUC=0.928）。结论　恶性胸腔积液中ESM-1、MMP-2和MMP-9表达水平显著增高,可作为鉴别良恶性胸腔积液的指标,三者联合诊断效能更优。     

前列腺癌大分割调强放疗副反应初步分析

Objective To analyze the acute and late toxicities in patients with prostate cancer trea-ted with hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods Between June 2006 and June 2008, 37 patients with prostate cancer were treated with hypofractionated IMRT. The clinical target vol-ume (CTV) was the prostate, seminal vesicles and pelvic lymph nodes in 24 patients, the prostate and semi-hal vesicles in 12, and only the tumor bed in 1. The dose per fraction was 2.3 - 2.8 Gy, with 2.7 Gy in 26 patients. The minimal dose was 62.5-75.0 Gy to the prostate and seminal vesicles, and 50 Gy to the pelvic lymph nodes. Results The median follow-up was 14 months. None of the patients experienced grade 4 a-cute gastro-intestinal (GI) toxicity. Grade 1, 2 and 3 acute GI toxicity occurred in 24.3%, 35.1% and 2.7% of the patients, respectively. The rectal V50>27% and V55>20% were highly significantly associat-ed with grade ≥1 acute GI toxicity. Grade 1,2 and 3 acute genitourinary (GU) toxicity occurred in 68%, 0% and 3% of the patients, respectively. The bladder V50> 10% was significantly associated with grade ≥1 acute GU toxicity. The incidence of late GI toxicity was low. No grade ≥3 late GI toxicity was observed. The incidence of late grade 1 and 2 GI toxicity was 24% and 5%, respectively. The rectal V65> 10% was highly significantly associated with grade ≥1 late GI toxicity. No late grade 4 GU toxicity was observed. The incidence of grade 1, 2 and 3 late GU toxicity was 49%, 11% and 3%, respectively. Grade ≥2 late GU toxicity was correlated with V40, V50 and mean dose of the bladder. Conclusions Acute and late toxicity of hypofractionated IMRT is acceptable in patients with prostate cancer.     

前列腺癌大分割调强放疗副反应初步分析

Objective To analyze the acute and late toxicities in patients with prostate cancer trea-ted with hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods Between June 2006 and June 2008, 37 patients with prostate cancer were treated with hypofractionated IMRT. The clinical target vol-ume (CTV) was the prostate, seminal vesicles and pelvic lymph nodes in 24 patients, the prostate and semi-hal vesicles in 12, and only the tumor bed in 1. The dose per fraction was 2.3 - 2.8 Gy, with 2.7 Gy in 26 patients. The minimal dose was 62.5-75.0 Gy to the prostate and seminal vesicles, and 50 Gy to the pelvic lymph nodes. Results The median follow-up was 14 months. None of the patients experienced grade 4 a-cute gastro-intestinal (GI) toxicity. Grade 1, 2 and 3 acute GI toxicity occurred in 24.3%, 35.1% and 2.7% of the patients, respectively. The rectal V50>27% and V55>20% were highly significantly associat-ed with grade ≥1 acute GI toxicity. Grade 1,2 and 3 acute genitourinary (GU) toxicity occurred in 68%, 0% and 3% of the patients, respectively. The bladder V50> 10% was significantly associated with grade ≥1 acute GU toxicity. The incidence of late GI toxicity was low. No grade ≥3 late GI toxicity was observed. The incidence of late grade 1 and 2 GI toxicity was 24% and 5%, respectively. The rectal V65> 10% was highly significantly associated with grade ≥1 late GI toxicity. No late grade 4 GU toxicity was observed. The incidence of grade 1, 2 and 3 late GU toxicity was 49%, 11% and 3%, respectively. Grade ≥2 late GU toxicity was correlated with V40, V50 and mean dose of the bladder. Conclusions Acute and late toxicity of hypofractionated IMRT is acceptable in patients with prostate cancer.     

头颈部黏膜恶性黑色素瘤手术联合放疗的预后分析

目的 探讨头颈部黏膜恶性黑色素瘤手术联合放疗的综合治疗模式的效果和失败模式,并分析影响预后的因素。方法 回顾分析1982-2017年收治的194例无远处转移的头颈部黏膜恶性黑色素瘤患者的病历资料。分析综合治疗模式的效果、失败模式及预后影响因素。结果 全组患者5年总生存、无局部复发生存、无区域复发生存和无远处转移生存率分别为41.4%、57.8%、76.5%和46.5%。194例患者中治疗失败141例,失败率为74.6%,其中首次失败为远处转移的患者占40%(56/141),首次失败为局部失败的患者占37%(52/141),首次失败为区域失败的患者占15%(21/141),同时合并远处转移和局部失败的患者占5%(7/141),同时合并局部失败和区域失败的患者占3%(5/141)。Cox多因素结果显示手术切缘和联合放疗是影响局部控制的独立预后因素(P=0.001、P=0.000)。结论 头颈部黏膜恶性黑色素瘤手术联合放疗的综合治疗模式可以获得较好的局部控制率,远处转移仍是其主要失败模式。     

原发韦氏环黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的临床特点和长期治疗结果

目的 分析原发韦氏环黏膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤的临床特点和长期治疗结果。方法 回顾分析本院初治的 10例原发韦氏环MALT淋巴瘤,其中男 1例、女 9例,Ⅰ_E期 7例、Ⅱ_E期 3例。单纯放疗 3例,7例在放疗前加 1~4周期化疗或再加辅助化疗。放疗中位剂量40 Gy,化疗方案以CHOP方案为主。结果 中位年龄 58岁,均无全身症状,只有 1例乳酸脱氢酶升高。疗后完全缓解率100%。中位随访90个月,全组 5年总生存率、疾病相关生存率和无进展生存率分别为90%、100%和80%。1例死于直肠癌肝转移,1例脑部复发经放疗挽救治愈。结论 韦氏环MALT淋巴瘤与其他胃外MALT淋巴瘤有类似临床特点,放疗为主的治疗取得了出色的长期疗效。     

脑转移瘤立体定向放疗分次间和分次内摆位误差及残余误差分析

目的 分析脑转移患者立体定向放疗ExacTrac X线图像,计算分次间和分次内摆位误差及残余误差,分析进行逐弧位置验证的必要性。方法 通过对过去2年在本中心采用头部立体定向放疗的脑转移瘤病例的回顾性分析,配准其数字重建图像和ExacTrac正交kV级验证图像,计算患者3个方向的平移误差和旋转误差。数据包含分次间摆位误差、分次内摆位误差和残余误差。结果 75例116个病灶进行了337次头部立体定向放疗。分次间、分次内平移摆位误差分别为左右方向x (0.93±0.86)、(0.15±0.59) mm,头脚方向y (1.83±1.27)、(0.25±0.73) mm,腹背方向z (0.96±0.80)、(0.14±0.56) mm;分次间、分次内旋转摆位误差分别为矢状面Rx (0.65°±0.62°)、(0.19°±0.40°),横断面Ry (0.97°±0.94°)、(0.13°±0.25°),冠状面Rz (0.92°±0.71°)、(0.10°±0.29°)。残余平移误差左右、头脚、腹背方向分别为(0.06±0.23)、(0.08±0.24)、(0.08±0.22) mm;残余旋转误差矢状面、横断面、冠状面分别为(0.12°±0.27°)、(0.09°±0.18°)、(0.06°±0.19°)。337次分次间摆位误差99.1%超过误差阈值(0.7 mm,0.7°)需要至少校正1次;1 006组分次内摆位误差33.6%在治疗床转到位验证无需误差校正,66.4%需要校正至少1次。结论 头部立体定向放疗患者要重视分次间摆位误差和分次内摆位误差,进行逐弧体位验证是非常必要的。