~(99)Tc-MDP对类风湿性关节炎患者外周血单核细胞产生细胞因子的影响

目的 :探讨“云克”(99Tc MDP)治疗类风湿性关节炎 (RA)的免疫机制。方法 :采用ELISA双抗体夹心法 ,观察“云克”体外对RA患者外周血单核细胞 (PBMC)产生白介素 1(IL 1)和可溶性白介素 2受体 (sIL 2R)的影响。结果 :“云克”有抑制RA患者IL 1的分泌及细菌脂多糖 (LPS)的促分泌作用 ,并对可溶性白介素 2受体的自发分泌及植物血素 (PHA)诱导分泌均有抑制作用。结论 :“云克”对RA的治疗机制可能与其降低IL 1和sIL 2R的作用有关     

创伤后肝细胞凋亡与坏死的检测及其意义

目的 探讨严重创伤后肝细胞凋亡及坏死在急性肝功能障碍发病机制中的作用。方法复制多发性骨折合并休克的大鼠创伤模型,采用 Annexin－V－Flous、碘化丙锭(propidium iodid,PI)双标法经流式细胞仪检测创伤后各时间点肝细胞凋亡与坏死的数量变化,结合光镜、电镜和电泳观察细胞凋亡与坏死,并与肝功能变化相比较。结果创伤后早期肝细胞即发生凋亡和坏死,坏死肝细胞的数量进行性升高,与肝功能变化显著呈正相关;凋亡肝细胞在创伤后3h达高峰,部分凋亡肝细胞发生继发性坏死,其数量与肝功能变化显著正相关。结论肝细胞坏死与凋亡是严重创伤后肝功能损害的重要原因,坏死肝细胞是肝功能损害的直接因素,凋亡肝细胞通过发生继发性坏死加重肝功能损害。     

保留肾单位手术治疗早期小肾癌21例临床分析

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of nephron-sparing surgery in patients with early-stage small renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: Nephron-sparing surgery was performed in 21 patients with renal cell carcinoma including 1 with solitary kidney, 3 with unilateral tumor and contralateral renal compromise, and 17 with unilateral tumor and normal contralateral kidney. The diameter of the tumors ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 cm, with a mean of 2.8 cm. The tumor diameter in 17 patients with normal contralateral kidney was less than 4 cm (mean 2.5 cm) and the average diameter in 4 patients with contralateral renal compromise was 4.2 cm. Sixteen cases were in stage T(1), 4 in stage T(2), and 1 in stage T(3). Of the 21 patients, 4 underwent tumor enucleation, 10 polar nephrectomy and 7 wedge resection. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for an average of 40.8 months (7 to 66 months). One patient suffered a right lung and mediastinum metastasis 3 years after the surgery later and 1 with chronic glomerulonephritis required dialysis 27 months after the operation. No surgical complication or local recurrence were found in other patients. CONCLUSION: As a safe and effective therapy for early-stage small renal cell carcinoma, nephron-sparing surgery can be considered as the gold-standard therapy for patients with lesions less than 4 cm in T(1) and T(2) stages of localized unilateral tumor with normal contralateral kidney.     

腮腺显像对鼻咽癌放疗后腮腺功能的评价

目的利用腮腺显像研究鼻咽癌放疗后腮腺的摄取与排泄功能.方法48例鼻咽癌患者中,对38例肿瘤和肿大淋巴结行加速调强放疗（SMART）,其亚临床灶和预防照射区接受常规照射;余10例行常规放疗.放疗前后均行腮腺显像,计算腮腺的放射性摄取指数（UI）及酸性刺激后排泌指数（EI）,对腮腺功能损伤情况进行分析;同时记录患者口干程度并分级.结果鼻咽癌SMART组放疗后腮腺UI和EI分别下降21.9%和37.3%,中重度口干者12例;而常规放疗组腮腺功能明显下降,UI和EI分别下降56.1%和96.1%,中重度口干者9例,两者比较差异均有显著性（P＜0.05）.结论腮腺显像可灵敏地监测鼻咽癌放疗后腮腺功能.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤及术后胆漏的临床分析

目的 分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆漏及胆管损伤的原因、治疗方法及预后。方法 总结1999年1月～2005年7月7例腹腔镜术后胆漏及胆管损伤的患者，进行回顾性分析。结果 7例患者中2例迷走胆管漏，1例经腹腔引流后治愈，1例经B超引导穿刺引流后治愈；胆囊管残端漏1例，再次手术缝扎，胆总管探查取石放置T型管引流后治愈，肝总管损伤漏2例，1例用3-0可吸收线间断缝合，放置腹腔引流治愈，1例剖腹手术修补漏口，放置T型管支撑6个月；胆总管横断2例剖腹行胆总管端端吻合放置T管支撑6-7个月。术后随访1～3年，均恢复良好。结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术后的胆漏及胆管损伤，应及时发现，正确处理。     

Lymphoid Neogenesis in Murine Cardiac Allografts Undergoing Chronic Rejection

Lymphoid neogenesis is the process by which ectopic lymphoid accumulations that resemble lymph nodes arise in nonlymphoid tissues. Such lymphoid accumulations, known as tertiary lymphoid organs (TLO), are observed in chronic autoimmunity and they propagate immune pathology by setting up local antigen presenting sites. Whether lymphoid neogenesis occurs in transplanted organs and contributes to rejection is not well understood. To begin to address this question, we retrospectively analyzed 319 murine cardiac allografts for microscopic evidence of lymph-node-like structures. We found 78 allografts that had either classical TLO, characterized by discrete T- and B-cell zones and high endothelial venules (HEV) expressing peripheral node addressin (PNAd) (n = 34), or PNAd(+) HEV without organized lymphoid accumulations (n = 44). These changes were present in both short- and long-lived allografts and were invariably associated with rejection. Importantly, they occurred in 78% of allografts undergoing chronic rejection (n = 85) but in only 7% of allografts undergoing primarily acute rejection (n = 184). These findings indicate that, like autoimmunity, alloimmunity is associated with lymphoid neogenesis in the target organ and suggest a role for local T-cell activation in chronic allograft rejection.     

CHROMager显色培养基分离沙门菌的初步应用和评估

目的　初步评估CHROMagar 显色培养基(CAS)检测肛拭中沙门菌的效果。方法　以实验室保存沙 门菌和非沙门菌作为测试菌共190株,测试CAS、武汉SS平板(WS)上细菌生长的敏感性、特异性;并应用CAS 与WS对1717份餐饮业人员肛拭作沙门菌的现场分离效果比较。结果　CAS对测试菌和现场检测的敏感性均 为100%,明显优于WS的57.14%和31.58%;两者在肛拭样品中沙门菌检出率分别为1.11%(19/1717)和 0.35%(6/1717)。结论　CAS平板具有敏感性高、检出率高、易于掌握等特点,建议作为粪便常规分离或鉴别沙 门菌的首选培养基。     

长期培养的大鼠原代肝细胞功能和形态学观察

目的：研究大鼠原代肝细胞长期体外培养后功能和形态的变化。 方法： 采用两步胶原酶原位灌流法分离大鼠肝细胞，并用Percoll分离液进行密度梯度离心进一步纯化肝细胞，采用0.4%台盼蓝染色观察细胞活力。然后将细胞接种于HepatoZYME-SFM培养基中培养，定期收集肝细胞培养液上清检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、白蛋白、尿素氮的水平。采用乙氧基试卤灵O-脱乙基酶活性（EROD）方法检测肝细胞P450的CYPⅠA1功能。 结果： 新鲜分离的大鼠肝细胞总数（2-3）×108cells/whole liver，Percoll分离液纯化后活力和纯度在90%以上。HepatoZYME-SFM培养下肝细胞生长良好并保持正常形态。AST、ALT水平在培养3 d后下降显著，6-9 d后趋于相对稳定的低水平。白蛋白的分泌功能、尿素合成能力在18 d内维持在较高水平。可在3-6 d检测到CYPⅠA1酶活性。 结论： Percoll液纯化新分离肝细胞可提高其活率和纯度，HepatoZYME-SFM培养条件下肝细胞可有效保持良好形态结构和一定的生物合成代谢能力，适合肝细胞的体外长期培养和功能研究。     

端粒酶逆转录酶、环氧化酶-2在乳腺癌中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)和环氧化酶(cox)-2在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及其临床意义.方法 使用免疫组织化学法分别检测45例乳腺浸润性导管癌和22例乳腺良性病变标本的hTERT和COX-2蛋白表达情况.结果 hTERT在乳腺浸润性导管癌中阳性表达率fig71.11%,明显高于乳腺良性病变9.09%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).hTERT阳性表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌患者的年龄、肿瘤大小、腋窝淋巴结转移情况及雌、孕激素表达水平无相关性(P>0.05),与Her-2表达存在显著相关性(P<0.05).COX-2在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的阳性表达率为82.22%,明显高于乳腺良性病变50.00%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).COX-2阳性表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移情况、Her-2、ER阳性表达有关(P<0.05).在乳腺浸润性导管癌中hTERT阳性表达与COX-2阳性表达呈正相关(r=0.557,P<0.01).结论 hTERT与COX-2在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达显著高于在乳腺良性病变中的表达,hTERT与COX-2在乳腺癌的发生、发展中起重要作用.hTERT表达与COX-2表达存在显著相关性,COX-2的过度表达可能是端粒酶激活和调节的机制之一.