Dysregulation of apoptosis: a possible mechanism leading to chronic progressive renal histological changes in lupus nephritis

Objective To evaluate apoptosis in lupus nephritis and the relationship between the existe nce of apoptotic cells in renal tissue and histopathological or clinical changes .Methods Apoptosis was detected by in situ nick-end labeling techniques (TUNEL) in renal biopsies from 25 patients with type Ⅳ lupus nephritis (LN), 12 patients with I gA nephropathy IgAN, 4 patients with idiopathic mesangioproliferative glomerulon ephritis (MsPGN) and 3 patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APGN).Normal renal tissue obtained at nephrectomy for hypernephroma in 4 adul ts was used as control.Proliferating cells were identified by proliferating ce ll nuclear antigen (PCNA) in these patients. Results Compared to other proliferative glomerulo-nephritis and controls, the patients w ith lupus nephritis had less apoptotic cells, a higher ratio of PCNA+ cells/TdT+ cells (P/T) in renal tissues; and their P/T ratio in glomeruli and tubuloin terstitium correlated with the chronicity index, r=0.4983 (P=0.0132), r=0.8399 (P<0.001), r=0.6614 (P=0.0033), respectively.P/T ratios in the glomerulus and tubule had a positive correlation with 24-hour uri nary protein, r=0.8554 (P<0.001) and r=0.7134 (P=0.001); and a negative correlation with creatinine clearance (Ccr), r=-0.4880 (P=0 .0133) and r=-0.7229 (P=0.001), which in tubules positively corre lated with serum creatinine (Scr), r=0.4107 (P=0.0414).Conclusions Apoptosis is reduced in proliferative lupus nephritis.Intense proliferation wi thout a commensurate increase in apoptosis is a possible mechanism that leads to chronic progressive renal histopathological changes.     

上海社区糖尿病前期及糖尿病人群视网膜病变患病率及相关危险因素分析

Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) population in Shanghai Community. Methods DR screening after the epidemiologic study of metabolic syndrome in Huayang and Canyang Community , Shanghai was conducted among 1300 patients with DM or IGR during June 2005 and March 2006, Digital non-mydriatic fundus photography was performed for each eye in all subjects. Other factors, including diabetes related history, BMI, WHR, fasting plasma glucose, HbAlc, serum lipid and blood pressure were also assessed. 642 patients,312 males and 330 females, aged 65 ± 13, with complete data were enrolled into the analysis. Results The prevalence of DR was 19. 9% in the diabetic population, and the prevalence of mild, moderate, severe non-proliferative retinopathy and proliferative retinopathy was 12. 0%, 5. 1%, 2. 3% and 0. 5%, respectively; the prevalence of DR in IGR reached 8. 0%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that HbA1c level and diabetes duration were both independently associated with diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion The prevalence of DR was high in both DM and IGR population. Bad blood glucose control and long diabetes duration both increased occurrence of DR.     

Relationship between serum or tissue ouabain and blood pressure in 1k1c hypert ensive rats

Objective To evaluate the role of endogenous ouabain (EO) in the development of hypertension and the characteristics of EO secretion in 1k1c (one kidney, one clipped) hypertensive rats. Methods EO content of serum and tissues in 1k1c hypertensive rats and normal control Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was detected by the method of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationship between serum or tissue ouabain and blood pressure was analyzed in 1k1c hypertensive rats. Results The ouabain content of serum, heart, kidney, adrenal gland, pituitary and hypothalamus was significantly higher in 1k1c hypertensive rats than that in normal control SD rats (2.25, 2.63, 3.35, 40.37, 3.34, 15.7 μg/kg tissue in 1k1c hypertensive rats vs 1.12, 1.79, 1.73, 27.54, 1.83, 10.10 μg/kg tissue in control SD rats, respectively. P<0.05 for all of these comparisons). The ouabain content of the adrenal gland and the hypothalamus was higher than that of other tissues or serum, both in 1k1c rats and in control SD rats. The EO content of serum, kidney and hypothalamus was significantly correlated with blood pressure in 1k1c hypertensive rats (r=0.59, 0.63, 0.52, respectively. P<0.05). The ouabain content of heart, liver, adrenal gland and pituitary was not correlated with blood pressure. Conclusions EO might play an important role in the development of hypertension in 1k1c hypertensive rats. The adrenal gland may be a major source of EO and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis may be involved in the regulation of EO secretion.     

The cellular and molecular mechanism of laminin-glycopeptides on anti-metastasis

Ｌａｍｉｎｉｎ(ＬＮ)ｉｓａｍａｊｏｒｎｏｎｃｏｌｌａｇｅｎｏｕｓｇｌｙｃｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｉｎｂａｓｅｍｅｎｔｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅｓＩｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｔｈａｔＬＮｃｏｕｌｄａｆｆｅｃｔａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｓｏｆｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａｃｅｌｌｓｍｅｄｉａｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＬＮｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒｓ1　ＩｔｉｓｋｎｏｗｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅＮｌｉｎｋｅｄｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔｙｐｅｃａｒｂｏｈｙｄｒａｔｅｃｈａｉｎｓｏｎＬＮａｒｅｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎａｎ…     

小儿胆汁性腹膜炎27例诊断与治疗

目的　探讨小儿胆汁性腹膜炎的病因 ,提高小儿胆汁性腹膜炎的诊治水平。方法　对 2 7例小儿胆汁性腹膜炎的病因与诊治进行回顾分析。结果　 2 7例中 17例手术中发现穿孔灶 ,行胆总管引流和腹腔引流 ,合并胆道扩张症作二期根治术 ;未明确穿孔灶 10例 ,作腹腔引流 ,合并胆道扩张症作一期根治术。无手术死亡及严重并发症 ,疗效满意。其中婴幼儿 6例 (2 2 .2 % ) ,儿童 2 1例 (77.8% )。病因多与胆总管囊肿 (6 2 .9% )、胆道结石与蛔虫 (7.4% )、经皮肝穿刺胆道造影 (PTC)损伤 (3 .7% )等有关 ,部分原因不明 (2 2 .2 % )。结论　小儿胆汁性腹膜炎容易误诊 ,掌握其临床特点、提高诊断意识及选择合适的手术方法 ,是提高早期诊断率和减少并发症的关键。     

重组融合蛋白Fab/IFN-αA体外抗HBV作用的实验研究

目的 在体外细胞水平上观察重组融合蛋白（Ｆａｂ／ＩＦＮ－αＡ）对乙型肝为病毒（ＨＢＶ）基因表达的抑制作用。方法 应用ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ转染细胞系（ＨｅｐＧ２．２．１５细胞）作模型,通过固相放射免疫方法检测Ｆａｂ／ＩＮＦ－αＡ作用后细胞上清液的ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ水平的变化,结合细胞存活率来评价其抗ＨＢＶ作用,并与α－干扰素（ＩＦＮ－αＡ）进行比较。结果 经１２ｄ作用,Ｆａｂ／ＩＮＦ－αＡ在细胞存活率     

骨水泥和非骨水泥固定假体周围骨溶解X线征象差异与磨损颗粒关系的初步分析

探讨不同固定方式假体周围骨溶解X线征象差异与磨损颗粒迁移特点及其易聚积部位之间的联系 ,分析磨损颗粒在假体无菌性松动中的作用。方法 :观察因无菌性松动行翻修术的 39个国产人工髋关节术前X线片 ,按部位及固定方式分组统计假体周围不同区域衬性和膨胀性骨溶解的发生率 ,并测算溶骨带宽或溶骨面积。结果 :非骨水泥固定髋臼假体周围各区 (Delee分区法 )衬性骨溶解发生率明显高于骨水泥固定组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,溶骨带宽以三区最重 (P <0 0 5 )并大于骨水泥固定组对应区 (P <0 0 5 ) ;膨胀性骨溶解以三区发生率最高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但两种固定方式各对应区之间发生率及溶骨面积均无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。柄周衬性骨溶解宽度人工股骨头组除一、四区 (Gruen分区法 )、全髋关节组除三、四区无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )外 ,其它各对应区均以骨水泥固定组较重 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;膨胀性骨溶解发生率以一、七区最高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,两种固定方式各对应区之间溶骨面积差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :无菌性松动假体周围骨溶解的发生部位及严重程度与磨损颗粒迁移和聚集的部位有关 ,固定方式不同骨溶解的X线表现亦有差异。阻断磨损颗粒的扩散可能是防止骨溶解发生的有效方法之一。     

精制蝮蛇抗栓酶加优降糖治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病临床观察

为使Ⅱ型糖尿病及有关并发症的治疗达到简便、适用和良好的效果 ,该研究采用了精制蝮蛇抗栓酶加优降糖治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病 ,并与优降糖治疗组对照 ,3wk一疗程 ,两组病例各 5 5例。结果治疗组总有效率 87 3% (48/5 5 ) ,对照组总有效率6 7 3% (37/5 5 )。经统计学处理 ,P <0 0 5 ,两组疗效有显著性差异 ,该疗法减少了口服降糖药的用量 ,避免了胰岛素的不良反应 ,有利于有关并发症的改善 ,无明显副作用发生 ,疗效确实。     

急性肾功能衰竭与内皮素-1关系的电镜免疫组化观察

目的：探讨ＥＴ－１在ＡＲＦ发病机制中的作用。方法：甘油肌注法复制成大鼠ＡＲＦ模型,免疫电镜技术动态观察ＥＴ－１在超微水平的分布与变化。结果：ＡＲＦ大鼠肾小管上皮及其线粒体中ＥＴ－１含量明显增加,且与肾组织病变程度呈正相关。结论：肾小管上皮细胞中ＥＴ－１持续增多是导致肾小管坏死的重要原因,提示ＥＴ－１与ＡＲＦ发病机制中有重要联系。     

幽门螺杆菌亚型cagA+基因株与胃癌的关系

目的：探讨幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）细胞毒素相关基因Ａ阳性株（ｃａｇＡ＾＋株）与胃癌的关系。方法：通过多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）检测９２例胃癌和２４例浅表胃炎组织石腊标本Ｈｐ和ｃａｇＡ＾＋亚型株的感染。结果：①Ｈｐ感染在胃癌和慢性浅表胃炎间无差异,而ｃａｇＡ＾＋株感染是前者高于后者（Ｐ〈０．０５）;②Ｈｐ感染早期胃癌地进展期癌、胃窦癌高于贲门癌、肠型胃癌高于弥漫型癌（Ｐ〈０．０５）。然而只有肠型胃癌ｃａｇＡ＾