儿童肱骨远端全骺分离的手术治疗

[目的]总结儿童肱骨远端全骺分离的解剖基础、损伤特点及诊断要点,探讨手术治疗的方法、意义及相关问题的处理。[方法]1998～2006年,收治12例肱骨远端全骺分离患儿,按Delee分型:A型2例,B型4例,C型6例,受伤至手术时间12 h之内4例,24 h之内3例,24～72 h 5例,均行切开复位克氏针内固定,术后拍片复查,3～6周拔除克氏针行功能锻炼。[结果]本组12例,随访6个月～8年,平均37个月,骨折愈合时间3～6周,平均4.6周;患肘屈伸活动良好,无1例发生肘内翻。[结论]手术切开复位内固定治疗儿童肱骨远端全骺分离,可以解剖复位,预防肘内翻,最大程度地恢复患肢功能。     

经雷公藤预处理大鼠异体神经移植后早期组织形态及免疫学观察

目的 观察经雷公藤预处理大鼠异体神经移植后髓鞘损伤程度及急性期免疫排斥反应,探讨雷公藤早期免疫抑制作用及合适用药浓度. 方法取60只3月龄雄性SD大鼠制备右侧坐骨神经干缺损模型,随机分为A、B、C、D、E组5组(n=12).取18只3月龄雄性Wistar大鼠,切取双侧坐骨神经干约15 mm,置入含200、400、800 mg/L雷公藤多甙细胞保存液(各浓度组浸泡12条神经),4℃下浸泡24 h,作为A、B、C组神经修复供体,修复神经缺损;另取6只3月龄Wistar大鼠,切取12条新鲜坐骨神经桥接于D组神经缺损处;E组将切下的自体坐骨神经立即行原位缝合.术后不同时间对移植神经行大体、光镜、电镜观察,检测髓鞘碱性蛋白(myelin basic protein,MBP)含量变化及免疫组织化学分析移植物CD4 、CD8 T细胞入侵情况. 结果 术后1周,A、B、C组神经纤维形态及结构较完整,炎性细胞浸润程度较D组轻;术后1、2、4周,A、B、C组组织形态学观察结果 相似,移植神经片段外形及结构清晰,与周围结缔组织粘连均较D组轻;术后48h及1、2、4周,各组均有不同程度髓鞘损伤,各时间点坐骨神经MBP含量B组最接近E组,两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后1、4周,A、B、C组CD4 ,CD8 分子的IA值与D组比较,差异均有统计学意义(p＜0.05). 结论 雷公藤能有效降低异体神经移植术后早期急性排斥反应,对髓鞘发挥一定的保护作用.     

供者特异性抗原静脉输注联合抗γ链单克隆抗体诱导小鼠皮肤移植物免疫耐受

目的　探讨静脉输注供者特异性抗原联合抗白细胞介素2受体(IL 2R)γ链单克隆抗体诱导移植免疫耐受的可行性。方法　在C57BL/6小鼠建立H Y皮肤移植模型,术前7 d给予5×106个供者脾细胞静脉输注,并分别于术前6 d和4 d给予抗白细胞介素2受体γ链单克隆抗体(4G3、3E12及TUGm2各0.5 mg)和抗IL 2Rβ单克隆抗体(TM β1,0.5 mg)混合液2.0 mg腹腔注射,以单纯行H Y皮肤移植模型和静脉输注供者特异性抗原的H Y皮肤移植模型为对照,观察皮肤移植物的存活时间。结果　联合给予抗白细胞介素2受体γ链单克隆抗体和供者特异性抗原输注组的皮肤移植物存活时间均超过100 d,显著长于单纯H Y皮肤移植组的33.42 d(P<0.01)及仅输注供者特异性抗原H Y皮肤移植组的14.71 d(P<0.01)。结论　在H Y皮肤移植模型中,静脉输注供者特异性抗原联合抗白细胞介素2受体γ链单克隆抗体可以成功地诱导受者对皮肤移植物的免疫耐受。     

TARP钢板系统在难复型寰枢椎脱位手术中的临床应用

目的探讨经口咽前路寰枢椎复位钢板系统（TARP）在难复型寰枢椎脱位的临床应用。方法自2003年4月-2004年9月，对13例陈旧性的难复型寰枢椎脱位患者行经口咽前路松解减压，应用TARP系统复位和固定，两侧寰枢关节间植入自体髂骨融合。结果除1例因跌倒引起螺钉松动再次脱位外，均固定牢固，融合理想，脊髓减压满意。结论经口咽前路寰枢椎复位钢板系统一次完成寰枢椎脱位的复位和固定是治疗陈旧性难复型寰枢椎脱位较为理想的手术方法。     

家族性特发性基底节钙化

家族性特发性基底节钙化（familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification，FIBGC）是一种以影像学上有基底节及脑其他部位钙化为特征的神经系统变性疾病。大多数患在童年及青少年时期是健康的，而到了30-50岁时，典型患会逐渐出现神经精神以及运动障碍。首发症状通常包括动作笨拙、易疲劳、步态不稳、言语缓慢、吞咽困难、不自主运动、肌肉痉挛等，经常会有各种类型的癫痫发作。神经精神症状往往是首发或最突出的表现，轻仅仅为轻度注意力或记忆力的下降，重则会出现人格及行为改变，终致精神病或痴呆。[第一段]     

3种肠道清洁方法效果比较

目的 探讨顺产儿脐部护理中修剪法配合Orem自理模式的应用效果。方法 将100名顺产新生儿随机分为对照组和观察组各50名。对照组按常规进行脐部护理；观察组择期行脐部修剪，同时根据Orem自理模式进行全补偿、部分补偿及支持一教育护理模式进行护理。观察两组脐带出血、脱落及疑似感染情况。结果 两组均未出现脐带出血情况；两组出生后9d回访时脐带脱落比较，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论 修剪法配合Orem自理模式进行脐部护理，能促进新生儿脐带早脱落。     

警惕下肢内固定术中主干动脉损伤

下肢骨折内固定术中动脉损伤很容易漏诊和延误治疗,并造成严重残废[1].2002年3月～2005年3月,笔者共收治4例下肢内固定术中并发主干动脉损伤病例.现报道并分析原因,旨在提高对这种损伤的警惕,最大限度地避免该并发症的发生.     

The application of basic science concepts to clinical problem-solving

This study looks at the relationship between anatomical concepts held by medical students and their clinical application, and develops a testable model of how students use basic science concepts for clinical problem-solving. According to the model, the essential prerequisites to solve a clinical problem using basic science information include the appropriate basic science knowledge, the ability to collect and interpret clinical information, with the key concept being the link that must then be made between clinical data and basic science. A detailed analysis of the individual components of the model should help to clarify and resolve some of the debate about the nature and balance of basic science and clinical education. A neurological diagnostic problem was used to test the assumptions of the model in a group of medical students who had minimal clinical experiences. There was no demonstrable relationship between anatomical knowledge as assessed by conventional tests and the diagnosis. There was a powerful relationship between measures of organization of knowledge and diagnosis, suggesting that the organization and development of concepts is the key to correct diagnosis. The findings have significant implications for assessment purposes and suggest that standard methods as generally practised may not measure the appropriate conceptual development and are not congruent with curricular objectives. Through the examination of its different learning outcome measures, the model may also be used to provide a profile of individual students or classes, which should help teachers and students deal with difficulties that may be experienced in learning to link clinical and basic science concepts.     

Antibodies against dengue virus E protein peptide bind to human plasminogen and inhibit plasmin activity

Both mice and rabbits immunized with dengue virus E protein peptide spanning amino acids 100–119 (D4E) produced antibodies that reacted not only with the D4E peptide itself but also with human plasminogen, as shown by ELISA and Western blot. Sera from dengue virus-hyperimmunized mice and dengue patients also contained antibodies against D4E and plasminogen. Furthermore, such sera all contained plasmin inhibitory activity. Using affinity-purified anti-D4E antibodies and free D4E peptide for competitive inhibition, we demonstrated that the inhibition of plasmin activity was due to anti-D4E antibodies rather than other substances in the sera. Taken together, these results suggest dengue virus E protein amino acids 100–119 are a cross-reactive immunogenic region, and antibodies against this region may interfere with human fibrinolysis.     

氨甲喋呤配伍中药治疗未破裂型输卵管妊娠(附86例报告)

目的：探讨用氨甲喋呤（Methotraxate,MTX)配伍中药治疗条件适宜的输卵管妊娠的可行性及疗效。方法：对MTX配伍中治疗的输卵管妊娠86例临床资料进行分析。结果：82例治疗成功，成功率为95．35％，其中，治疗1个疗程69例，2个疗程13例，随访16例妊娠，1例2年后对侧输卵管妊娠，4例治疗失败者改手术治疗，病理见不同程度的滋养细胞溶解，绒毛坏死，出血，结论：使用MTX配伍中药治疗输卵管异位妊娠，方法简便易行，安全有效，副作用少，特别适合于基层医院。