眼眶磁共振扫描blade技术和常规技术对信噪比的影响

目的通过常规技术和Blade技术检查眼眶疾病患者图像信噪比,探讨Blade技术对伪影发生、影像质量的改善情况。方法选取2012-07至2013-06行眼眶磁共振扫描的患者,并且行常规眼眶Tse T2WI序列扫描时显现不同程度的不自主运动伪影,最终纳入136例。采用德国西门子公司Trio Tim3．0T超导磁共振成像系统,以在相同位置对所有患者先后进行常规磁共振扫描和Blade技术扫描,并以常规磁共振扫描图像的图像质量分级,将136例分为轻度、中度和重度伪影组,获取不同组两种扫描图像的信噪比,从而评价Blade技术对图像质量的改善情况。结果轻度伪影组眼球区（t=4．159,P〈0．05）和骨膜外区（t=-4．306,P〈0．05）Blade技术信噪比明显高于常规技术;中度伪影组各眼眶分区内Blade技术信噪比与常规技术比较无统计学差异;重度伪影组眼球区（t=-4．917,P〈0．05）、视神经鞘区（Z=-4．687,P〈0．05）和骨膜外区（Z=-3．431,P〈0．05）Blade技术信噪比明显高于常规技术。结论Blade技术可提高眼眶扫描中图像的信噪比,且在同一伪影程度组中不同眼眶分区的信噪比差异有区别。     

平山病自然位和屈颈位典型MR表现

目的对平山病的磁共振特点进行总结,并结合文献复习,提高对本病的认识。方法对5例经临床证实的平山病患者进行颈椎自然位和屈颈位扫描并观察其MRI表现。结果自然位见下颈段（颈4～7椎体水平）脊髓变细,屈颈位见下颈段（1例及上中胸段,余4例仅累及下颈段）脊髓的硬脊膜后壁向前推移,脊髓背侧硬膜外静脉丛扩张,颈胸段脊髓局限受压变扁。结论结合自然位和屈颈位的MRI检查,有助于平山病的诊断     

乳腺导管扩张症的诊断及治疗

目的:探讨乳腺导管扩张症的临床特点、诊断和治疗.方法:对经手术和病理诊断的39例乳腺导管扩张症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:行乳房肿块切除术22例,乳腺区段楔形切除术13例,单纯乳房切除术2例,乳腺痿管切除术2例.其中36例获随访(92.3%),随访中复发7例,均经再次手术获治愈;另外,1例术后9个月于对侧乳房异时性发生本病;其余恢复良好.结论:乳腺导管扩张症临床表现多样,易误诊误治;术前细胞学检查和术中快速病理检查是避免误诊的重要手段.手术切除为其首选治疗方法,局部肿块切除或病变乳腺区段楔形切除为广泛采用的术式.禁忌贸然行广泛的切除术.     

雷帕霉素联合未成熟树突状细胞诱导小鼠皮肤移植免疫耐受

目的 研究雷帕霉素联合供者骨髓来源的未成熟树突状细胞在诱导小鼠同种异基因皮肤移植免疫耐受中的协同作用.方法 健康雄性C57BL/6小鼠和BALB/C小鼠分别为供者、受者,建立同种异基因皮肤移植模型.对照组术前术后未给予任何免疫干预措施;雷帕霉素组术后第0天至第6天给予雷帕霉素灌胃;未成熟树突状细胞组将供者骨髓来源的未成熟树突状细胞于术前第7天经尾静脉输注给受者;联合组将供者骨髓来源的未成熟树突状细胞于术前第7d经尾静脉输注给受者,并在术后第0天至第6天给予雷帕霉素灌胃.结果 对照组、雷帕霉素组、未成熟树突状细胞组、联合组的皮肤移植物存活时间分别为(6.9±1.9)、(12.3±3.0)、(17.0±3.4)、(20.8±3.6)d.方差分析提示组间差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);SNK检验提示各组之间的差异均有显著意义.结论 雷帕霉素能延长小鼠皮肤移植物的存活时间;联合供者骨髓来源的未成熟树突状细胞可延长免疫耐受的持续时间.     

MRI诊断血友病性骨关节病1例

1病例报告 患者,男,19岁,扭伤后右膝疼痛2年,15年前确诊为血友病A。体检：贫血貌,右膝关节肿胀畸形,压痛明显,活动受限。实验室检查：出血时间（BT）20min 18s,活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）48．7s,凝血因子Ⅷ：C：3％。MRI表现：右膝关节间隙变窄,右膝关节缘、髌骨缘增生,变尖,关节软骨变薄。右股骨下端、胫骨上端、髌骨关节面下骨质内、右膝关节周围软组织内多发斑片状异常信号,T1WI／T2WI均为低信号。右膝关节腔、髌上囊内大量异常信号,L1WI为低信号,T2WI为高信号（图1—4）。MRI诊断：血友病性骨关节病。     

改良大鼠完全去胸腺免疫模型的建立

Objective To establish a stable adult completely thymectomized rat model under the premise of not injuring the removed thymus tissue. Methods Adult SD ♂ rats weighing 150-300 g ( n = 30) were no-invasively intubated under the help of an improved self-made wedge tube set made from a 2 ml plastic syringe and transillumination in front of the rats' neck by an operation spotlight, then the rats were completely thymectomized under ventilation by a small animal breathing machine and × 10 operating microscope. Whether the exsected thymus organ was ntact or not during operation was confirmed, and sur-vival rate of rats was observed, and changes of PBMC T cell reservoir from randomly selected 9 of 30 rats were monitored by FCM within 3 weeks pest-operation. The complete thymectomy rate was confirmed by autopsy and histological examination 3 weeks post-operation. Results The survival rate was 100%, the exsected thymus organ was intact,and the complete thymectomy rate was 100%. Conclusion Completely thymectomized adult rats model can be successfully established in the condition of keeping exsected thymus tissue intact by using a small animal breathing machine under × 10 operating microscope. The removed thymus tissue can be used for transplantation.     

小鼠异体Sertoli细胞诱导胰岛移植免疫耐受的作用

Objective To study whether the sertoli cell allograft can achieve the immunotolerance and protect the co-transplant islet allograft on the heterotopic situation. Methods The diabetic C57 mice were used as recipients, and healthy BALB/C mice as islet donors,respectively. Healthy BALB/C and C57 mice were used as testis sertoli cell donors. The recipients were randomly divided into 4 groups,6 mice in each group : group A: only transplant with islet allograft;group B: co-transplant with islet allograft and serto-li isograft;group C:co-transplant with islet allograft and sertoli allograft;group D:sham-operated group. The blood and urine glucose levels in the models, and the survival time of the graft were observed. Results The mean survive time of graft in groups A, B, and C was (6.50±2.35 ), (55.67±4.84), and (51.33± 5.05 ) days respectively. In group D, blood glucose level was abnormal. The hyperglycemia of the diabetic C57 mice could be reversed by the transplant methods of groups B and C. The mean survival time in groups B and C was longer than in group A P < 0.05, but there was no significant differences between groups B and C,P > 0.05. Conclusion The sertoli cells can induce local immunotolerance and protect the co-transplant islet allograft. Sertoli cell isograft can obtain the same local immunotolerance as the sertoli cell allograft.     

CT肺功能成像技术研究

目的探讨CT肺功能成像技术的可行性,着重研究CT肺功能参数与肺功能检查(pulmonary functional test, PFT)参数的相关性.方法共69例,包括PFT正常者21例,阻塞性通气功能障碍者37例,限制性通气功能障碍者9例,混合性功能障碍者2例,均在1周内完成PFT和胸部CT检查.采用最大吸气末和呼气末屏气螺旋CT扫描.扫描参数120 kV,175 mA,每层螺旋扫描时间1 s,床速20 mm/s,螺距2∶1.将CT图像经医学数字影像与通讯(DICOM)协议接口接到计算机上.利用自行研制的CT肺功能定量软件进行数据分析.结果通过吸气末CT测得的肺体积(Vin)与PFT的最大肺总量(TLC)存在明显相关性(r=0.866,P<0.001),呼气末CT测得的肺体积(Vex)与残气量(RV)有相关性 (r=0.833,P<0.001),呼吸比(Vex/Vin)与RV/TLC有相关性(r=0.590,P<0.001).吸气像平均CT值与第1秒量占预计值的百分比(FEV1%),第1秒用力呼吸量(FEV1)/用力肺活量(FVC)存在相关性(r=0.382, P<0.05 ; r=0.682, P<0.01).像素指数(PI)=-910～-950 HU与FEV1、FEV1%、 FVC%、FEV1/FVC均存在相关性,其中与FEV1/FVC的相关性最好(r=0.747～0.772,P<0.01).呼气像平均CT值与FEV1、FEV1%、FVC%、FEV1/FVC存在相关性(r=0.624, P<0.01; r=0.654, P<0.01; r=0.452, P<0.01 ; r=0.758, P<0.01).呼气像CT各阈值与PFT参数均存在相关性.结论最大吸气末和最大呼气末行螺旋CT扫描,可获得肺部解剖和肺功能情况的参数,与PFT结果相关性好,因此本法是行之有效的CT肺功能定量成像技术.     

术后胆道出血17例诊治体会

目的 探讨术后阴道出血的诊断和治疗方法。方法 回顾性总结1979－1999年收治的17例术后胆道出血的诊疗经验,其中肝内出血14例,肝外出血2例,出血部位不祥1例。结果 治愈13例,死亡3例,病情恶化自动出院1例。其中手术治疗10例,治愈7例,死亡2例,自动出院1例;保守治疗7例,6例分别经T管局部应用止血药和介入法选择性肝动脉栓塞而获治愈,死亡1例。结论 肝动脉造影对胆道出血的定位可提供可靠的依据,选择性肝动脉栓塞为理想的初选治疗方法。如非手术治疗无效或栓塞疗法失败,则应积极手术治疗。     

眼眶静脉曲张MRI表现

 目的探讨眼眶静脉曲张的MRI影像学特征.方法 6例选自我院患者,行仰卧位及俯卧位MRI检查.结果6例受检者中,左眼5例,右眼1例,3例显示为眼眶内外条索状等T1长T2信号影,2例显示为眼眶尖结节状等T1长T2信号影,1例位于眶后弥漫性分布软组织长T1长T2信号影,强化方式多种多样,有斑点状、环状、结节状强化.结论影像学特征对临床治疗方案的制定很有价值.