肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

肾功能损伤分级系统在成人心脏术后的应用

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate of adilty of two acute renal failure-specific scoring systenms (the classification by Bellome et al and the AKIN criteria) for predicting hospital mortality after cardiac surgery in adult patients. Methods Between October 1 st 2006 to Decemjber 31 st 2006, 509 adult patients who ungerwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/ or valve operation were enrolled in this study. The medical data collection included gender, age, types of operation, perioperative he- modynamic parameters, urine output, biochemical parameters and outcome. Renal function was assessed daily according to the classi- ficatinn by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria, respectively. As references, Acure Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) Ⅱ and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were also calculated. Resuits Three hundred and forty-one patients were male (67.0%), and 168 were female (33.0%), mean age was (56.2±12.0) years old. Tnree hundred and nine patieats un- derwent CABG, 182 underwent valve operation and 18 underwent CABG plus valve operation, Mean duration of ventilation support was (20.4±17.7) houra, and the ICU stay was (1.4±1.0) days. Postoperative hospital stay was (13.8±9.1) days. According to the classification by Bellomo., the highest in-hospital mortality was 52.9% in ARFS group. Mahiplicatinn of in-hospital morality rate was abserved (X2 for trend, P<0.01) in 0.4% (non-ARF), 1.2% (stage 1), 12.0% (stal～ 2) and 32.4% (stage 3) of pa- tients based on the AKIN criteria. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic ourve, the classification by Bellomo and the AKIN criteria had good discriminative power. Furthering, multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that the Odds Ratio of the AKIN criteria was 5.478 (P =0.028, 95% Confidence Interval 1.027- 24.856), after adjusting for gender and age. Con- clusion Analytical data confinned good discriminative power of both the AKIN criteria and the classification by Bellomo for predicting hospital mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF.     

138例艾滋病患者中医体质类型分布及舌脉特点临床分析

目的：观察分析艾滋病 （AIDS） 患者中医体质类型分布及舌脉特点。方法：选取广州市第八人民医院 2016 年 1 月 —2018 年 1 月收治的 138 例 AIDS 患者作为研究对象。统计其中医体质类型分布情况、分析中医体质类型与临床特征的相关性，对比不同中医体质类型 AIDS 患者初治后的生活质量，采用 Logistic 回归分析中医体质类型与生活质量的关系，并统计分析患者的舌脉特点。结果：138 例 AIDS 患者中，中医体质类型以平和质为主，占 44.93%，气虚质次之，约占 24.64%；中医体质类型与临床分期、中医证候显著相关（P＜0.05）；气虚质患者心理状态、身体状态及生活质量总分低于平和质、阳虚质、痰湿质及其他中医体质类型患者 （P＜0.05）；舌象以舌色淡红 （占 65.22%）、舌体胖 （占 57.25%）、苔厚 （占 56.52%）、苔腻 （占 42.75%）为主；脉率以脉率不齐 （占 69.57%） 为主，脉象以虚 （占 74.64%）、弦 （占 47.10%）、结 （占 34.06%） 为主，脉位以中位为主（占 86.23%），脉势以低平虚 （占 89.13%） 为主。结论：AIDS 患者中医体质类型分布及舌脉特点有其特定规律，临床诊治中辨证、辨体相结合能更有效地为患者提供个体化治疗方案，以提升生活质量。     

临床实习医院的教学管理方法探究

临床实习教育是临床医学专业人才培养的重要教学阶段,其水平的高低、质量的好坏直接影响医学教育质量和医学人才的培养质量,而临床教学医院的管理方法 是指导临床实习教育的重要部分.为了提高实践教学质量,为社会提供优质的医药卫生人才,本文从构建教学组织机构和管理制度、临床教师队伍的管理、学生的管理及学生能力培养等方面对临床实习医院如何制定合理的教学管理方法 进行分析探讨.     

体外膜式氧合治疗冠状动脉旁路移植术后急性心肺功能衰竭

目的:探讨体外膜式氧合(ECMO)治疗冠状动脉旁路移植(CABG)术后急性心肺功能衰竭的经验。方法:回顾2005年9月至2008年12月期间我院心脏外科监护病房(ICU)收治的40例CABG术后因急性心肺功能衰竭接受ECMO辅助的患者的临床资料。男性32例,女性8例,年龄20~79岁,平均59岁。静脉-动脉(V-A)转流39例,静脉-静脉(V-V)转流1例。结果:30例(75%)成功脱离ECMO,19例(47.5%)生存出院。平均ECMO辅助时间75 h,平均监护室停留时间6 d。主要并发症为感染19例、出血13例、肾功能衰竭需要透析13例、氧合器血浆渗漏12例、肢体血栓5例、神经系统并发症3例。结论:ECMO是治疗CABG术后急性心肺功能衰竭的一种有效的短期机械辅助方法,积极防治并发症可降低病死率。     

肾功能分级在成人心脏术后肾功能衰竭的应用

Objective To evaluate the ability of the RIFLE classification to predict hospital mortality in adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Methods From October Ist 2006 to December 31st 2006, five hundred and nine adult patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve operation were enrolled in this study. Renal function was assessed daily according to the RIFLE classification, meanwhile, APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score were also evaluated, as well as the maximum scores were recorded. Results Mean duration of ventilation support was 18(14 - 19) hours, the time of ICU stay was 1.4 ± 1.0 days, and the time of postoperative hospital stay was 12. 0(10.0- 15.0) days. 167 patients (32. 8%) incurred postoperative ARF according to the RIFLE classification. The overall mortality was 4. 3% (22/502). A significant increase (P < 0. 01) was observed for mortality based on RIFLE classification. By applying the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the RIFLE classification had more powerful discrimination power [0. 933, (95% CI 0. 872 -0. 995) ,P <0. 001]. Conclusions ARF is one of the major complications in postcardiotomy patients. Analytical data suggested the good discriminative power of the RIFLE classification for predicting inpatient mortality of adult postoperative patient with ARF, and the RIFLE classification is simple and practically performed. According to the RIFLE classification, patients with RIFLE class I or class F incur a significantly increased risk of in-hospital mortality compared with those who never develop ARF.     

泮托拉唑对体外循环手术患者胃内酸碱度的影响

目的:研究接受体外循环手术患者胃内酸碱度(pH)值变化以及泮托拉唑对其影响。方法:2008年5月至2009年11月60例心脏疾病体外循环手术患者随机分为2组(A组:B组=2:1),A组(泮托拉唑组)术后2h、14h静注泮托拉唑40mg,B组(对照组)术后未用影响胃酸分泌药物。动态监测胃内pH值变化。结果:A、B组术前胃内pH值分别为2.41±1.11和2.60±1.01,术后返回监护室时胃内pH值分别为3.47±1.51和3.56±1.40均偏高,2组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05;A组胃内pH值术后4h、12h、18h分别为6.03±1.81,6.01±1.58,6.34±1.28,相应的B组为3.54±1.11,2.94±1.30,2.65±1.24;2者差异有统计学意义。结论:体外循环心脏外科手术术后胃酸分泌被暂时抑制,但迅速恢复,术后静脉注射泮托拉唑可以持续使胃内pH值维持于较高水平,可能有利于防止应激性溃疡的并发症,也要考虑持续时间较长增加医院内获得性肺炎的可能。     

心脏术后机械循环辅助患者医院感染调查分析

目的调查心脏手术后接受各种机械循环辅助治疗的患者,医院感染及病原菌耐药性。方法回顾性分析心脏外科2006年1月-2010年12月,990例心脏手术后,接受主动脉内气囊反搏(IABP)机械循环辅助治疗患者的临床资料。结果 990例心脏手术患者,共计97例患者发生医院感染,感染率为9.8%;分离各种病原菌106株,其中呼吸道56株占52.8%,血液46株占43.4%,其他部位感染4株占3.8%;主要病原菌为不动杆菌属29株占27.4%,铜绿假单胞菌15株占14.2%,肺炎克雷伯菌5株占4.7%,表皮葡萄球菌28株占26.4%,金黄色葡萄球菌14株占13.2%,白色假丝酵母菌9株占8.5%;不动杆菌属显示多药耐药性,碳青霉烯类抗菌药物、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦以及哌拉西林/他唑巴坦,对其他革兰阴性杆菌显示良好敏感性,未发现耐万古霉素葡萄球菌。结论心脏术后接受机械循环辅助治疗的患者医院感染发病率高,采取集束化治疗可降低感染率及病死率。     

心脏外科术后患者多药耐药鲍氏不动杆菌医院感染临床研究

目的调查医院心脏手术后多药耐药鲍氏不动杆菌(MDRAB)医院感染状况和耐药性及预后。方法回顾性分析2007年7月-2010年6月医院心脏外科手术后医院感染鲍氏不动杆菌患者的临床资料。结果共发生鲍氏不动杆菌医院感染105例,其中MDRAB医院感染69例,占65.7%;MDRAB对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率为34.8%,米诺环素的耐药率为46.4%,其他包括碳青霉烯类抗菌药物,耐药率均>70.0%;而心外术后非多药耐药鲍氏不动杆菌医院感染患者和MDRAB医院感染患者院内死亡率统计学分析差异无统计学意义。结论鲍氏不动杆菌是心脏外科监护病房医院感染的重要致病菌,MDRAB医院感染严重,应合理使用抗菌药物以及注重检测和预防控制,同时积极治疗原发疾病、改善患者全身状况,改善预后。