血管内治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者合并肺部感染的相关危险因素分析

目的观察接受血管内治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者合并肺部感染的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析2016年1月~2018年6月南宁市第二人民医院神经内科接受血管内治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者124例,根据是否并发肺部感染分为感染组48例,非感染组76例。分析2组一般情况和可能影响发生肺部感染的相关因素。疾病的严重程度采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分和格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)。采用logistic回归分析急性缺血性脑卒中患者发生肺部感染的独立危险因素。结果感染组年龄≥70岁、术前NIHSS评分>15分、术前GCS≤8分、糖尿病、慢性肺病、后循环病变、机械取栓和抽吸、全身麻醉、术后持续镇静>1 d、气管插管>1 d及呼吸机辅助通气>1d比例明显高于非感染组,局麻加深度镇静比例明显低于非感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归显示,术前NIHSS评分>15分(OR=2.558,95%CI:1.741~2.563,P=0.003)、术前GCS≤8分(OR=4.358,95%CI:1.568~5.374,P=0.001)、后循环病变(OR=3.589,95%CI:0.328~3.251,P=0.005)、全身麻醉(OR=1.025,95%CI:1.159~2.664,P=0.041)和术后持续镇静>1 d(OR=3.254,95%CI:2.682~3.267,P=0.028)是血管内治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中并发肺部感染的独立危险因素。结论病情严重程度、病变部位、意识障碍和慢性肺病是导致急性期血管内介入患者合并肺部感染的危险因素。     

呼出气一氧化氮在支气管哮喘- 慢性阻塞性 肺疾病重叠诊治中的应用价值

目的 探讨呼出气一氧化氮（FeNO）在哮喘- 慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠（ACO）诊疗的应用价 值。方法 选取2018 年1 月—2018 年12 月天津医科大学第二医院呼吸内科收治的ACO、哮喘及慢性阻塞 性肺疾病（COPD）患者共171 例作为研究对象。其中,ACO 患者41 例（ACO 组）,哮喘患者44 例（哮喘 组）,COPD 患者86 例（COPD 组）。选取同期该院健康体检者45 例作为对照组。分析4 组临床特征、外周 血指标、FeNO 及肺功能指标[ 第1 秒最大呼气量（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、第1 秒最大呼气量/ 预计 值（FEV1%pred）及第1 秒最大呼气量/ 用力肺活量（FEV1/FVC）] 的差异,以及FeNO 与肺功能及外周血指 标的关系。结果 哮喘组年龄低于COPD 组及ACO 组（P <0.05）。ACO 组外周血EOS％、FeNO 水平低于 哮喘组,而高于COPD 组（P <0.05）。ACO 组和哮喘组FeNO 与外周血EOS％水平呈正相关（r s =0.383 和 0.316,P =0.044 和0.037）。COPD 组和ACO 组的FEV1、FVC、FEV1%pred 及FEV1/FVC 低于哮喘组（P <0.05）。 结论 FeNO 和外周血EOS% 对ACO 诊断具有重要的参考价值,与肺功能联合应用有助于ACO 的诊断。     

Effects of different LAD-blocked sites on the development of acute myocardial infarction and malignant arrhythmia in a swine model

Objective

To explore the effects of various left anterior descending (LAD) artery-blocked sites on the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and malignant arrhythmia in a swine model.

Methods

Twenty-two pigs underwent occlusion of the coronary artery with balloon angioplasty were randomly divided into three groups according to the blocked site of the balloon: middle-site-blocked LAD group, bottom-third-blocked LAD group and control group. Then, the development of AMI and malignant arrhythmia, including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation during the process of model creation, were recorded. Changes of the hemodynamics, blood gas analysis, electrocardiography, and myocardial enzymes were analyzed in each group before and after occlusion.

Results

Middle-site-LAD blockage resulted in a larger infarction size and the corresponding incidence of ventricular fibrillation was significantly higher than that of the bottom-third-blocked group (P<0.05). After the occlusion, the QTc interval of the Middle-site-blocked LAD group was significantly longer than that in the other groups (P<0.01). Moreover, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) were significantly lower, but partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) increased, in the Middle-site-blocked-LAD group compared with that in the bottom-third-blocked group (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the two LAD-blocked groups showed significantly higher levels of Mb, CK-MB, LDH, AST and cTnT (P<0.01) four hours after the artery occlusion. However, these indexes were not significantly different between the two LAD-blocked groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions

Location of LAD blockages in swine models may affect the development of AMI and malignant arrhythmia.     

综合医院老年住院患者轻度认知功能障碍与焦虑抑郁关系的问卷调查

目的了解综合医院老年住院患者轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)的患病现状,并探讨其与焦虑抑郁负性情绪的关系。方法采用横断面研究法对2019年3月1日-5月1日某院符合纳入条件的869例住院老年患者采用简易智能精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)进行调查。结果869名调查对象中MMSE评分为23.09±4.98分,SAS评分为42.71±7.67分,SDS评分为40.11±8.11分,共筛查出209位MCI患者,总患病率为24.05%,焦虑患者占比13.58%,抑郁患者占比18.41%。MMSE评分与SAS评分、SDS评分均呈负相关,rs=-0.293和rs=-0.299,P<0.01。单因素方差分析显示月经济收入不等、生活状况不同患者间比较,MCI的患病率差异无统计学意义。不同性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况患者间MCI的患病率比较有统计学意义。结论住院老年患者MCI患病率较高,提示应将MCI筛查常规应用于住院老年患者,早发现、早诊断、早干预老年患者轻度认知功能障碍。MCI患者焦虑、抑郁水平较正常人高,应当关注住院老年人的心理情绪,引导老年人保持积极健康的生活状态,降低MCI的患病率。     

经听觉统合训练改善听觉传导功能的孤独症谱系障碍患儿核心症状的变化分析

目的探究接受听觉统合训练(auditory integration training,AIT)后听觉传导功能障碍得到缓解的孤独症谱系障碍患儿核心症状的改善情况。方法将存在听觉诱发电位异常的ASD患儿分入AIT组(接受训练后恢复正常的组成试验组)、对照组A组(空白对照组)、对照B组(应用行为分析训练组),分别在各组入组时、入组1个月后、入组3个月后进行波特奇发育检核表、儿童孤独症评定量表(CARS)、孤独症治疗评定量表(ATEC)评估,以各因子分数的变化值评价核心症状改善水平。结果入组时试验组、对照A组及对照B组CARS[分别为(36.31±4.08)分,(36.33±3.76)分,(36.33±5.14)分]及ATEC语言[分别为(19.08±6.43)分,(16.40±6.42)分,(18.48±5.96)分]、社交[分别为(15.63±7.13)分,(16.05±7.57)分,(16.19±7.19)分]、感知[分别为(16.78±5.39)分,(16.92±6.75)分,(17.12±6.73)分]、自理[分别为(15.98±8.71)分、(17.93±8.22)分、(17.26±8.93)]评分均差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。入组1月、3月后,重复测量方差分析显示,试验组、对照B组、对照组A组CARS分值[1月:(33.96±3.79)分,(35.09±4.38)分,(34.30±3.98)分;3月:(32.95±3.15)分,(36.86±3.86)分,(33.95±3.90)分]的影响:时间主效应显著(F=22.308,P<0.01),组别主效应不显著(F=2.647,P>0.05),时间与组别存在交互作用(F=8.626,P<0.01);对ATEC语言[1月:(16.18±7.10)分,(18.62±6.63)分,(13.40±5.44)分;3月:(14.13±6.13)分,(18.40±6.35)分,(10.75±5.17)分]、社交[1月:(12.31±6.68)分,(17.76±6.82)分,(15.08±6.75)分;3月:(10.71±5.42)分,(16.31±6.30)分,(12.15±7.30)分]、感知觉[1月:(14.37±5.86)分,(17.43±7.22)分,(18.58±6.92)分;3月:(10.35±5.43)分,(16.44±7.05)分,(16.68±7.37)分]分量表分值的影响,时间主效应显著(F=35.534,40.729,40.401,均P<0.01),组别主效应亦显著(F=7.600,6.193,7.675,均P<0.01),时间与组别存在交互作用(F=7.602,3.355,7.649,均P<0.05),事后多重比较示:试验组与对照B组、对照A组与对照B组在干预后ATEC语言量表分值差异有统计学意义(I1-J1=-1.69,P1<0.05;I2-J2=-4.98,P2<0.01);试验组与对照A组在干预后ATEC社交量表分值差异有统计学意义(I-J=-4.54,P<0.01);试验组与对照A组、试验组与对照B组在干预后ATEC感知觉量表分值差异有统计学意义(I1-J1=-3.16,P1<0.05;I2-J2=-4.89,P2<0.01);对ATEC自理能力分量表分值影响的时间主效应显著(F=22.876,P<0.01),组别主效应亦显著(F=3.427,P<0.05),时间与组别无交互作用(F=1.885,P>0.05),事后多重比较示:试验组与对照A组在干预后ATEC自理能力量表分值差异有统计学意义(I-J=-4.46,P<0.05)。结论AIT训练后听觉传导功能恢复正常的ASD患儿的核心症状也能得到明显改善。     

医学院校学生学业拖延现状及影响因素分析

目的　调查医学院校学生学业拖延行为现状及其影响因素,并提出降低医学院校学生学业拖延的建议。方法　抽取黑龙江省三所医学院校的统招本科学生1 327名进行生活满意度、焦虑、学业拖延问卷调查。应用SPSS 23.0对数据进行统计分析。结果　①医学院校学生学业拖延总分为（35.00±8.92）分;②成绩水平、性别、选择本专业原因、是否独生子女四个方面的不同人口学特征的医学院校学生在学业拖延方面差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,不同年龄、不同年级医学院校学生学业拖延差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;③医学院校学生拖延程度与其焦虑水平成正相关（r=0.102,P＜0.01）,与生活满意度成负相关（r=-0.117,P＜0.01）;④回归分析显示,成绩水平、性别、生活满意度、焦虑、选择本专业的原因以及是否独生子女六个预测变量共可以有效解释医学院校学生学业拖延14.2%的变异量。结论　医学院校学生学业拖延总体程度高于非医学院校学生拖延;医学院校学生的成绩水平、性别、生活满意度、焦虑、选择本专业的原因以及是否独生子女是学业拖延的影响因素。     

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia infection in dogs in Southwestern China

Chlamydia spp. are obligate intracellular bacteria distributed globally, known to cause various forms of diseases in animals and humans. To date, there is limited information about the seroprevalence of Chlamydia and the risk factors associated with Chlamydia infection in dogs in the world. In the present study, a serological survey was undertaken to examine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with dog chlamydiosis in Yunnan Province, southwestern China. A total of 591 dogs were sampled, antibodies to Chlamydia were determined by indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). The overall seroprevalence was estimated at 17.6%. The risk factors associated with seroprevalence were determined by a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Gender and age of dogs were not significant in the logistic regression analysis (P > 0.05) and left out of the final model. Type and geographical origin of dogs were considered as main risk factors associated with Chlamydia infection, stray dogs (31.37%) were more than 16 times (OR = 16.167, 95% CI = 6.283–41.599, P < 0.01) at risk of acquiring the infection compared to the police dogs (7.62%), while pet dogs (14.41%) had a 3 times (OR = 2.968, 95% CI = 1.349–6.529, P = 0.007) higher risk. Positive dogs were found in 5 districts of Yunnan Province with prevalence ranging from 2.56% to 31.67% except Diqing (0/56). Dogs in Kunming (20.21%) had a 9 times higher risk of being seropositive compared to dogs in Lijiang (2.56%) (OR = 9.057, 95% CI = 1.211–67.714, P = 0.032), although no regional differences were found in other 4 administrative divisions compared to Lijiang (P > 0.05). Our study revealed a widespread and high prevalence of Chlamydia infection in dogs in Yunnan Province, southwestern China, with higher exposure risk in stray dogs and distinct geographical distribution. These findings suggest the potential importance of dogs in the transmission of zoonotic Chlamydia infection, and thus Chlamydia should be taken into consideration in diagnosing dog diseases.