Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to determine 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels for clinical assessment of vitamin D deficiency

Vitamin D is responsible for multiple metabolic functions in humans. Rickets are the most common disease caused by vitamin D deficiency. It is caused by poor calcium intake resulting in poor serum-ionized calcium. The purpose of this study is to develop a rapid, sensitive, and feasible method to determine the 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels in blood samples for clinical assessment. In this study, gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry with trimethylsilyl derivatization (TMS-GC-MS) is the most suitable protocol for quantitative analyses of 25(OH)D3. Performance of method was evaluated and compared with liquid chromatography and immunoassay. Method validation has been carried out with plasma specimens. The limit of quantitation of TMS-GC-MS method is 1.5 ppb with good linear correlation. Furthermore, the dietary intake and nutritional status of vegetarian and non-vegetarians in Taiwan were assessed by our validated method. As a result, this vitamin D nutrition survey demonstrates that most Taiwanese people have insufficient vitamin D. Due to dietary habits; the male vegans may have the highest risk of vitamin D deficiency.     

结直肠癌化疗患者营养状况及营养治疗研究进展

结直肠癌是常见的消化道肿瘤，其营养不良发生率高且严重。化疗是结直肠癌常见治疗方式之一，并与营养不良独立相关，化疗后患营养不良风险增大且营养不良进一步加重。同时，营养不良可导致患者化疗疗效差及预后不良，并增加化疗相关不良反应、影响患者生活质量及降低生存率等。营养治疗能够有效改善患者营养状况，在肿瘤综合治疗中有重要作用，且多学科团队合作是有效的营养干预模式。目前营养治疗主要包括营养咨询、口服营养补充剂、肠内营养和肠外营养等，相关指南和研究表明在营养治疗时应首选口服营养补充剂及肠内营养，仅在采用以上治疗后仍存在营养不足或无法进行肠内营养时行肠外营养。本文主要对结直肠癌患者营养状况与化疗之间关系、营养治疗的最新研究进展及相关指南进行综述，以期引起临床上对结直肠癌化疗患者营养治疗方面重视并提供参考。     

Host–microbiome interactions: the aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a critical node in tryptophan metabolites to brain signaling

ABSTRACT

Tryptophan (Trp) is not only a nutrient enhancer but also has systemic effects. Trp metabolites signaling through the well-known aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) constitute the interface of microbiome-gut-brain axis. However, the pathway through which Trp metabolites affect central nervous system (CNS) function have not been fully elucidated. AhR participates in a broad variety of physiological and pathological processes that also highly relevant to intestinal homeostasis and CNS diseases. Via the AhR-dependent mechanism, Trp metabolites connect bidirectional signaling between the gut microbiome and the brain, mediated via immune, metabolic, and neural (vagal) signaling mechanisms, with downstream effects on behavior and CNS function. These findings shed light on the complex Trp regulation of microbiome-gut-brain axis and add another facet to our understanding that dietary Trp is expected to be a promising noninvasive approach for alleviating systemic diseases.     

胃癌患者术前应用含ω-3不饱和脂肪酸的肠内营养制剂的临床效果观察

目的探讨术前应用含ω-3不饱和脂肪酸的肠内营养制剂对胃癌患者营养状况和炎症因子水平的影响,并对其进行安全性评价。方法前瞻性纳入2014年1~6月期间四川大学华西医院收治的60例胃癌患者,随机分为试验组(30例)和对照组(30例)。试验组术前以含ω-3不饱和脂肪酸的营养制剂(瑞能)作为肠内营养制剂,对照组进食等热卡等氮的均浆膳,术前均连续服用5 d,至术前1 d。检测患者入院时、术前1 d、术后3 d及术后5 d血清中的炎症因子指标和营养相关指标,检测患者入院时和术前1 d的肝肾功能指标以作为安全性评价指标;记录患者呕吐、腹泻等不良反应,以及术后感染相关并发症的发生情况。结果术后3 d试验组患者的白介素-6(IL-6)和α-1酸性糖蛋白(AAG)水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),术后5 d试验组的C反应蛋白(CRP)水平低于对照组(P<0.05),其余各时点2组患者的各指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在肠内营养支持期间,试验组患者发生腹胀1例,腹泻1例,对照组患者未出现腹胀、腹泻等不适。2组患者的不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后试验组发生切口感染1例(3.3%);对照组发生切口感染3例(10.0%),腹腔感染1例(3.3%),尿路感染1例(3.3%),肺部感染2例(6.7%),共计7例(23.3%)。2组患者的腹腔感染、切口感染、尿路感染及肺部感染发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但试验组的总并发症发生率低于对照组(P=0.026)。结论术前应用含ω-3不饱和脂肪酸的营养制剂降低了胃癌患者术后的感染并发症发生率,且安全性较高。     

黄蜀葵花治疗2型糖尿病肾病早期蛋白尿40例临床观察

目的:探讨黄蜀葵花干预2型糖尿病肾病(T2DKD)早期蛋白尿的临床疗效.方法:将80例T2DKD早期患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各40例.对照组给予西医常规治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用黄蜀葵花片治疗.2组疗程均为6个月.观察2组治疗前后血糖、血脂、肝肾功能、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、尿白蛋白与尿肌酐比值(UACR)的变化.结果:治疗组脱落2例,对照组脱落1例.2组血压、血糖、血脂、肝肾功能、eGFR、合并用药情况治疗后组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而UACR及UACR下降程度治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:黄蜀葵花可明显减轻T2DKD早期患者尿蛋白水平,该疗效不依赖于血压和糖脂代谢的变化.     

Analysis of early mortality and related risk factors in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To analyze the early mortality and related risk factors of new hemodialysis patients in Zhejiang province, and provide basis for reducing the death risk of hemodialysis patients. Methods The early mortality and related factors of new hemodialysis patients from January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed using the database of Zhejiang province hemodialysis registration. The early mortality was defined as death within 90 days of dialysis. Cox regression model was used to analyze the related risk factors of the early mortality in hemodialysis patients. Results The mortality was the highest in the first month after dialysis (46.40/100 person year), and gradually stabilized after three months. The early mortality was 25.33/100 person year. The mortality within 120 days and 360 days were 21.40/100 person year and 11.37/100 person year, respectively. The elderly (≥65 years old, HR=1.981, 95%CI 1.319-2.977, P＜0.001), primary tumor (HR=3.308, 95%CI 1.137-5.624, P=0.028), combined with tumors (not including the primary tumor, HR=2.327, 95%CI 1.200-4.513, P=0.012), temporary catheter (the initial dialysis pathway, HR=3.632, 95%CI 1.806-7.307, P＜0.001), lower albumin (＜30 g/L, HR=2.181, 95%CI 1.459-3.260, P＜0.001), lower hemoglobin (every 0.01 g/L increase, HR=0.861, 95%CI 0.793-0.935, P=0.001), lower high density lipoprotein (＜0.7 mmol/L, HR=1.796, 95%CI 1.068-3.019, P=0.027) and higher C reactive protein (≥40 mg/L, HR=1.889, 95%CI 1.185-3.012, P=0.008) were the risk factors of early death for hemodialysis patients. Conclusions The early mortality of hemodialysis patients is high after dialysis, and gradually stable after 3 months. The elderly, primary tumor, combined with tumors, the initial dialysis pathway, lower albumin, lower hemoglobin, lower high density lipoprotein and higher C reactive protein are the risk factors of early death for hemodialysis patients.     

Additional bedtime H2‐receptor antagonist for the control of nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough: A Cochrane systematic review

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of additional bedtime H₂‐receptor antagonists (H₂RAs) in suppressing nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough (NAB) via a systematic review. METHODS: Eligible trials were identified by searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2004), MEDLINE (January 1966–June 2004), EMBASE (January 1980–June 2004) and CINAHL (January 1982–June 2004). Additional hand‐searching was conducted on the proceedings of correlated conferences, eight important Chinese journals and references of all included trials. All randomized controlled trials evaluating H₂RAs for the control of NAB were eligible for inclusion. The systematic review was conducted using methods recommended by The Cochrane Collaboration. RESULTS: Only two randomized crossover studies, comprising 32 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Because the design, dosage and duration of the treatments were different between the studies, it was not possible to conduct meta‐analysis. There were no consistent conclusions found between the two included studies in evaluating H₂RAs for the control of NAB. CONCLUSIONS: No implications for practice at this stage can be concluded. Appropriately designed large‐scale randomized controlled trials with long‐term follow up are needed to determine the effects of additional bedtime H₂RAs in suppressing NAB.     

高住高练低训对足球运动员红细胞CD35数量及活性变化的影响

目的:通过观察4周模拟海拔3000米高住高练低训(HiHiLo)过程中红细胞CD35数量及红细胞C3bRR、ICR的变化,探讨HiHiLo对机体红细胞CD35数量及活性的影响。方法:将16名足球专项运动员随机分为实验组(高住高练低训)和对照组(低住低训)。实验组每晚入住低氧房(O2浓度14.2%,相当于海拔3000米高度)10小时,每周2次低氧房内72%VO2max蹬功率自行车运动30分钟;对照组每周2次正常条件下80%VO2max蹬功率自行车运动30分钟。两组每周同时进行3次由同一教练执导的专项训练。实验期共4周。分别于实验前、入住低氧房10小时、实验2周末、3周末和4周末清晨抽取受试者肘静脉血,采用流式细胞仪检测红细胞CD35几何平均荧光强度,采用红细胞免疫花环试验检测红细胞C3b受体花环率(RBC-C3bRR)和红细胞免疫复合物花环率(RBC-ICR)。结果:实验4周后,实验组和对照组CD35数量较实验前分别下降了4.9%和10.5%(P<0.05),红细胞C3b受体花环率较实验前分别下降了16.7%和24.9%(P<0.01),红细胞IC花环率较实验前分别升高了29.9%(P<0.05)和32.4%。结果表明:(1)HiHiLo对人体红细胞CD35数量的影响不如对红细胞CD35活性的影响明显;(2)HiHiLo影响RBC-C3bRR和RBC-ICR较低住低训更明显,HiHiLo3周后实验组运动员出现临床上的继发性免疫低下现象,4周末有所好转。     

大鼠脑血肿周围组织半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3表达变化与尼莫地平的影响

目的：观察脑出血后血肿周围半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3的表达。及尼莫地平对其的影响。方法：实验于2004—07在大连医科大学中心实验室进行。取120只SD雄性大鼠随机分为3组：①尼莫地平组（n=50）：尾壳核注射自体股动脉血50μL复制脑出血模型，造模即刻腹腔注射尼莫地平1．6mg／kg（即8μL／g），以后每天1次。②模型组（n=50）：同前造模，术后腹腔注射等量生理盐水。③假手术组（n=20）：手术，但进针人尾壳核后不注血。各组分为术后6，24，48，72h、5d 5个时间点。造模动物醒后进行Bederson评分，评估其行为和神经功能缺陷（0—3分。评分越高，神经功能缺陷越重，评分≥2分为造模成功）。人组动物在以上5个时间点进行Bederson评分后，麻醉状态下处死取脑，经尾壳核行冠状切片，行免疫组化测定半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3表达。结果：80只大鼠进入结果分析。①Bederson评分：模型组、尼莫地平组大鼠醒后迅速出现偏瘫，24h后评分趋于稳定，至72h之间评分最高，然后逐渐下降，5d时仍有体征。模型组、尼莫地平组各时间点评分均高于对照组（P〈0．01），尼莫地平组术后48，72h评分低于模型组（P〈0.05）。②血肿周围组织半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3表达：假手术组进针侧脑组织表达很少，模型组6h后即有表达，24h达高峰，持续72h后逐渐下降，5d后仅有少量表达；尼莫地平组动态变化趋势与模型组相同，但各时间点的数值均较低，尤其是术后24～72h（P〈0．01）。结论：①脑出血后血肿周围组织中半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3表达升高，提示其与脑出血血肿周围组织损伤有一定关系。②尼莫地平降低脑出血后血肿周围组织中半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3表达，从而减轻细胞凋亡程度，对神经细胞起到保护作用，降低神经功能缺陷。