Family Related Factors and Concurrent Heroin Use in Methadone Maintenance Treatment in China

Background: The use of heroin during Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) is a challenging problem that contributes to poor treatment outcomes. Families may play an important role in addressing concurrent heroin use during MMT, especially in collectivist societies such as China. Objectives: In this study, we explored the relationship between family-related factors and concurrent heroin use during MMT in China. Methods: This study was conducted at 68 MMT clinics in five provinces of China. There were 2,446 MMT clients in the analysis. Demographic information, MMT dosage, family members' heroin use status, family support of MMT, family problem, and self-reported heroin use were collected in a cross-sectional survey. The most recent urinalysis of opiate use was obtained from clinical records. Results: Of the 2,446 participants, 533 (21.79%) self-reported heroin use in the previous seven days or had a positive urine morphine test result in the clinic record. Participants whose family member[s] used heroin were 1.59 times (95% CI: 1.17, 2.15) more likely to use concurrently during treatment. Those with family members who totally support them on the MMT were less likely to use (AOR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.94). Having more family problems was positively associated with concurrent heroin use (AOR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.93). Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of the family's role in concurrent heroin use during MMT programs. The study's findings may have implications for family-based interventions that address concurrent heroin use.     

Regulation of Eclipta prostrata L. components on cigarette smoking‐induced autophagy of bronchial epithelial cells via keap1‐Nrf2 pathway

Cigarette smoking extract (CSE)‐induced autophagic injury has been regarded as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of lung cancer. We previously found that Eclipta prostrata L. component (CCE) reduced CSE‐induced bronchial epithelial cells damage. However, the mechanism remains unknown. Human normal bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) were exposed to CSE to establish stress model. Nrf2‐siRNA and Keap1‐siRNA transfection were performed. mRFP‐GFP‐LC3 dual fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the autophagic characteristics. CCE prevented CSE‐induced Nrf2 transfer into cytoplasm and up‐regulated Keap1 level of NHBE cells. Furthermore, CCE significantly increased p‐p16, p‐p21 and p‐p53 phosphorylation levels in Nrf2‐siRNA‐ or Keap1‐siRNA‐transfected cells. As demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy and mRFP‐GFP‐LC3 dual fluorescence assays, CCE mitigated autophagic injury, and also down‐regulated autophagy‐related Beclin‐1, LC3II/LC3I ratio, Atg5 and ATF4 levels. Our findings showed the attenuation of CCE on CSE‐induced NHBE cells injury was associated with Nrf‐2‐mediated oxidative signaling pathway.     

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率对急性百草枯中毒患者30天死亡风险的预测价值评估

目的 评估血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比率(Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio,NLR)对急性百草枯中毒患者30 d死亡风险的预测价值。 方法 回顾性分析收住南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院急诊科的115例急性百草枯中毒患者临床资料,以中毒30 d后的临床转归情况分为存活组(64例)和死亡组(51例)。单因素及多因素logistic回归分析临床资料确定中毒患者死亡的高危因素。利用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)评估NLR对中毒患者30 d死亡风险的预测价值。Spearman分析探讨NLR与百草枯中毒严重程度指数(severity index of paraquat poisoning,SIPP)之间的相关性。 结果 急性百草枯中毒患者平均年龄(38.9±13.6)岁,男性54例,女性61例,总体病死率44.35%(51/115)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,NLR是中毒患者死亡的危险因素(OR:1.477,95%CI: 1.035~2.107,P<0.05)。NLR预测效能的ROC曲线下面积为0.894(95%CI:0.821 2~0.966 3,P<0.01),最佳截断值为11.71(敏感度71.79%、特异度94.29%;阳性预测值93.33%、阴性预测值75.00%;阳性似然比12.57、阴性似然比0.30)。NLR与SIPP呈中等强度正相关(r=0.525, P<0.01),且SIPP≥10组患者NLR值(15.02±12.40)较SIPP<10组(6.19±2.54)均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 NLR值增高是急性百草枯中毒患者死亡的高危因素,其与SIPP具有良好的相关性,对中毒患者的30 d死亡风险具有良好的预测价值。     

Longitudinal associations of lifetime adiposity with leukocyte telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number

Adiposity may cause adverse health outcomes by increasing oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, which can be reflected by altered telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtCN) in peripheral blood leukocytes. However, little is known about the influence of lifetime adiposity on TL and mtCN in later life. This study was performed to investigate the associations of lifetime adiposity with leukocyte TL and mtCN in 9613 participants from the Nurses’ Health Study. A group-based trajectory modelling approach was used to create trajectories of body shape from age 5 through 60 years, and a genetic risk score (GRS) was created based on 97 known adiposity susceptibility variants. Associations of body shape trajectories and GRS with dichotomized TL and mtCN were assessed by logistic regression models. After adjustment for lifestyle and dietary factors, compared with the lean-stable group, the lean-marked increase group had higher odds of having below-median TL (OR?=?1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.35; P?=?0.01), and the medium-marked increase group had higher odds of having below-median mtCN (OR?=?1.28, 95% CI 1.00, 1.64; P?=?0.047). There was a suggestive trend toward lower mtCN across the GRS quartiles (P for trend?=?0.07). In conclusion, telomere attrition may be accelerated by marked weight gain in middle life, whereas mtCN is likely to be reduced persistently by adiposity over the life course. The findings indicate the importance of lifetime weight management to preserve functional telomeres and mitochondria.     

上海市浦东新区幼托儿童细菌和病毒感染性腹泻流行特征分析

目的 了解浦东新区幼托儿童细菌和病毒感染性腹泻流行特征,为幼托儿童感染性腹泻病的防控提供科学依据。方法 依托6家医院,按照1∶5~1∶20不等的抽样间距,采集儿童腹泻初诊病例粪便标本并收集流行病学资料,开展细菌和病毒检测分析。结果 381例粪便标本中,细菌和病毒阳性检出率60.89%,民办幼儿园病例阳性检出率高于公办幼儿园(χ²=6.53,P＜0.05)。单纯细菌阳性检出率10.24%,主要为致泻性大肠埃希菌;单纯病毒阳性检出率33.33%,主要为诺如病毒和轮状病毒;混合感染阳性检出率17.59%,主要为2种病毒混合感染。单纯细菌感染夏季高,单纯病毒感染冬春季高(χ²=34.00,P＜0.05)。单纯病毒和细菌感染病例中,出现呕吐症状的构成比分别为42.06%和17.95%,病毒组高于细菌组(χ²=7.48,P＜0.05)。结论 上海市浦东新区幼托儿童感染性腹泻病原中细菌和病毒季节高峰明显,民办幼托机构儿童感染较重,应针对不同季节和不同人群开展防控措施。     

北京市2011-2016年早产儿出生状况分析

目的 分析北京市早产儿发生情况及影响因素,为提高早产儿保健管理水平提供决策依据。方法 对北京市16个区所有助产机构2011-2016年74 994例早产儿的分娩情况进行回顾性分析。结果 2011-2016年北京市早产总发生率5.49%,男女性别构成比1.27∶1,胎龄<34周14 146例(18.9％),≥34孕周60 848例(81.1％)。多因素分析发现多胎(OR=2.519, 95%CI:2.433~2.611), 女婴(OR=1.348, 95%CI:1.307~1.387), 温暖季节 (OR=1.055~1.074, 95%CI:1.012~1.119) 和高危儿(OR=47.619, 95%CI:43.478~50.000)是早产儿低出生体重的危险因素。结论 北京市早产儿发生率低于发达国家,但有逐年递增趋势,应重视对出生体重影响较大的因素,为降低早产儿的发生率和改善早产儿预后提供依据。     

伊潘立酮片有关物质一致性评价研究

目的 建立伊潘立酮片的有关物质测定方法,与参比制剂进行有关物质一致性评价研究。方法 建立高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定伊潘立酮片有关物质,并考察方法的专属性、线性、精密度、准确性及耐用性等。采用Agela Venusil MP C₁₈（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,以0.02 mol/L磷酸氢二铵缓冲液（磷酸调pH至7.0±0.1）为流动相A,以乙腈为流动相B,体积流量1.0 mL/min,检测波长为229 nm,柱温40℃。结果 在选定的色谱条件下,伊潘立酮与杂质分离良好,辅料无干扰。自研伊潘立酮片与参比制剂杂质谱相似。结论 该方法准确、可靠、耐用性好,自研伊潘立酮片与参比制剂具有有关物质一致性。     

超声引导颌神经阻滞在正颌手术中的应用现状与研究进展

随着社会经济的进步,麻醉学、外科学以及特殊手术器械的运用,牙颌面畸形的外科矫治取得了快速发展。正颌手术是改善错畸形最有效的方式,但是因其创伤大且颌面部神经丰富,患者术后常伴有剧烈疼痛。疼痛可导致患者一系列生理和心理的变化,影响早期康复和功能锻炼。正颌手术术后多合并术区肿胀和张口受限,阿片类药物的镇痛方案并不适宜于该类患者,在充分镇痛的基础上,需尽量避免恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制等并发症的发生。超声引导颌神经阻滞技术不仅有满意的镇痛效果、术中出血少、促进术后早期功能锻炼,还具有阻滞精确、操作简便、安全性高等优点。该文对常见的正颌手术类型、颌神经的走行及支配、传统颌神经阻滞与超声引导颌神经阻滞、颌神经阻滞的临床效果、超声引导颌神经阻滞的研究和操作方法等作一综述,以期为超声引导颌神经阻滞在正颌手术中的应用提供参考。牙合     

2型糖尿病合并超重肥胖患者血清Irisin水平变化研究

背景 肥胖会导致胰岛素抵抗（IR）的发生进而引发2型糖尿病（T2DM）,严重影响人类健康。鸢尾素（irisin）是一种新发现的肌肉和脂肪因子,在代谢调控中具有重要作用,T2DM合并超重肥胖患者的血清irisin水平会出现何种变化值得研究。 目的 观察T2DM超重肥胖患者血清irisin水平情况,并探讨血清irisin水平变化的影响因素。 方法 选取2019年12月至2021年6月于安徽医科大学第一附属医院内分泌科住院治疗的T2DM患者119例,根据体质指数（BMI）分为糖尿病超重肥胖组（n=78）和糖尿病体质量正常组（n=41）。另选取同期于本院体检且BMI正常的健康者为对照组（n=52）。比较三组受试者一般资料、实验室检查指标及血清irisin水平,采用Spearman秩相关分析探究血清irisin水平与一般资料及实验室检查指标的相关性,采用多元线性回归分析探究血清irisin水平的影响因素。 结果 三组收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、BMI、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、稳态胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。糖尿病体质量正常组血清irisin水平低于对照组,糖尿病超重肥胖组血清irisin水平低于对照组、糖尿病体质量正常组（P<0.05）。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,血清irisin水平与HDL-C呈正相关（rs=0.304,P<0.05）,与SBP、DBP、BMI、TG、HbA1c、FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR呈负相关（rs值分别为-0.271、-0.420、-0.372、-0.164、-0.418、-0.348、-0.293、-0.348,P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析结果显示,DBP〔b=-0.049,P=0.011〕、HbA1c〔b=-0.156,P=0.009〕、FINS〔b=-0.21,P=0.038〕是血清irisin水平的影响因素。 结论 T2DM患者血清irisin水平较健康者明显降低,尤其是合并超重肥胖患者,且血清irisin水平与血压、BMI、血脂、血糖及IR等因素存在一定关系。     

肾康注射液联合青霉素与替米沙坦治疗肾小球肾炎合并急性间质性肾炎患者的效果

目的:观察肾康注射液联合青霉素与替米沙坦治疗肾小球肾炎合并急性间质性肾炎患者的效果。方法:选取134例肾小球肾炎合并急性间质性肾炎患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分成观察组与对照组各67例。对照组给予青霉素联合替米沙坦治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用肾康注射液治疗,比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后肾功能指标[血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、胱抑素C(CysC)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)]水平和不良反应发生率。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为97.01%(65/67),明显高于对照组的85.07%(57/67),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组VEGF、CysC和MCP-1水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:肾康注射液联合青霉素与替米沙坦治疗肾小球肾炎合并急性间质性肾炎患者可提高治疗总有效率,降低肾功能指标水平,其效果优于青霉素联合替米沙坦治疗。