胰胆管合流异常动物模型的建立

目的建立胰胆管合流异常的动物模型。方法选用健康杂种猫10只。术前禁食12 h,3.5%戊巴比妥钠麻醉后,取上腹正中切口约6 cm切开各层至腹腔。于胆总管入十二指肠处旁边,切开胰腺背膜,解剖胰管;靠近十二指肠处分别纵向切开胰管、胆管长约4~6 mm的切口。6-0线间断吻合切口,造成类似人类的胰胆管合流的共同通道。术后20天胆道造影。结果术后动物精神、食欲良好,无萎靡、烦燥等表现,造影显示胰胆管合流共同通道延长。结论本动物模型最接近于人类的胰胆管合流异常生理,优于其他动物模型。     

食蟹猴年龄相关的运动功能减退及其与纹状体多巴胺转运体的关系

目的研究食蟹猴老化过程中运动行为和脑内纹状体多巴胺系统功能变化及两者之间的相关关系。方法选取4岁、10岁和15岁3个年龄组的健康食蟹猴共29只,利用计算机化的网络摄像头视频检测系统和行为分析软件连续采集和分析每个动物8h随意运动活动总量,各年龄组分别选取4只动物用多巴胺转运体(DAT)配体99mTc-TRODAT-1结合单光子发射体层摄影术(SPECT)显像观察脑内纹状体多巴胺转运体放射性摄取率的变化。结果在4岁、10岁和15岁年龄组,8h随意运动活动总量(×106)分别为5·00±1·93,3·28±1·02,2·79±0·67,在10岁和15岁较之4随年龄组分别降低了34·50%和55·71%(P<0·05,P<0·01),但此两个年龄组运动活动总量无显著差异(P>0·05);纹状体99mTc-TRODAT-1放射性摄取率分别为2·98±0·08,2·56±0·12和2·27±0·35,10岁和15岁较之4随年龄组分别降低了14·00%和25·60%,但仅4岁与15岁年龄组存在显著相关关系(P<0·01)。二者均随着年龄的增长呈逐渐减低的趋势,直线回归分析显示两者分别与年龄呈负相关关系(r=-0·57,P=0·001;r=-0·86,P<0·01)。8h随意运动活动总量与纹状体99mTc-TRODAT-1放射性摄取率呈显著的正相关关系(r=0·70,P<0·05)。结论正常食蟹猴老化过程中,脑内多巴胺神经系统功能的减退伴随着运动行为的减少,两者之间的相关关系进一步佐证了运动功能的减退可能是由于纹状体内多巴胺神经元功能减退所致。     

孤立性肺结节的CT诊断

孤立性肺结节(solitary pulmonary nodules,SPN)是指肺内单发的直径≤3cm的圆形或类圆形病灶,不伴有肺炎、肺不张等其它病变[1],自有CT以来,对SPN的研究报告较多,但诊断的特异性仍未有显著性提高[2~7]。我院对SPN 52例行CT检查,分析报告如下。1材料与方法1.1临床资料2001年8月~2005年8月间52例中,男28例,女24例,年龄24~84岁,平均年龄52岁。主要症状为咳嗽、痰中带血、胸闷或胸痛,其中19例为健康体检发现。所有病例均经手术、穿刺活检或随访证实。1.2检查方法使用东芝Asteion螺旋CT机,常规扫描全肺,层厚10mm,螺距1·0,对病灶部位进行…     

谷氨酰胺在危重病患者中的应用

目的探讨危重病患者中早期经静脉应用谷氨酰胺（glutamine，Gl）的临床价值。方法42例患者随机分成两组（对照组和Gln组），Gln组进行Gln治疗（100mL／d，共7d）。治疗前后检测患者体质量、白蛋白、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、握力的变化和肠功能不全的发生率。结果体质量两组治疗前后比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。白蛋白、握力和GSH Gl治疗后非常显著高于治疗前（P〈0．01）；白蛋白对照组治疗后较治疗前显著增高（P〈0．05），但握力和GSH治疗前后均无显著变化（P〉0.05）；肠功能不全的发生率Gln组为4．8％，显著低于对照组（28．6％，P〈0．05）。结论在危重病患者疾病早期通过静脉途径外源性地补充Gln，有效改善了患者的营养状况；使患者血浆中的GSH水平增高，加强了机体的抗氧化能力；减少了患者肠功能不全的发生率。     

Pick’s disease with Pick bodies combined with progressive supranuclear palsy without tuft‐shaped astrocytes: A clinical,neuroradiologic and pathological study of an autopsied case

We report clinical, neuroradiologic features, and neuropathologic findings of a 76‐year‐old man with coexistent Pick’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. The patient presented with loss of recent memory, abnormal behavior and change in personality at the age of 60. The symptoms were progressive. Three years later, repetitive or compulsive behavior became prominent. About 9 years after onset, he had difficulty moving and became bed‐ridden because of a fracture of his left leg. His condition gradually deteriorated and he developed mutism and became vegetative. The patient died from pneumonia 16 years after the onset of symptoms. Serial MRI scans showed progressive cortex atrophy, especially in the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes. Macroscopic inspection showed severe atrophy of the whole brain, including cerebrum, brainstem and cerebellum. Microscopic observations showed extensive superficial spongiosis and severe neuronal loss with gliosis in the second and third cortical layers in the frontal, temporal and parietal cortex. There were Pick cells and argyrophilic Pick bodies, which were tau‐ and ubiquitin‐positive in neurons of layers II–III of the above‐mentioned cortex. Numerous argyrophilic Pick bodies were observed in the hippocampus, especially in the dentate fascia. In addition, moderate to severe loss of neurons was found with gliosis and a lot of Gallyas/tau‐positive globus neurofibrillary tangles in the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, thalamus, substantia nigra, locus coeruleus and dentate nucleus. Numerous thorned‐astrocytes and coiled bodies but no‐tuft shaped astrocytes were noted in the basal ganglion, brainstem and cerebellar white matter. In conclusion, these histopathological features were compatible with classical Pick’s disease and coexistence with progressive supranuclear palsy without tuft‐shaped astrocytes.     

Irritable bowel syndrome and health-related quality of life: a population-based study in Calgary, Alberta.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of nonclinical samples of people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Canada. In a pilot survey, the impact of IBS on HRQOL using a population-based, urban sample was examined. METHODS: A random sample of Calgary residents (18 years of age or older), selected by random digit dialing (n=1521), completed a structured questionnaire including ROME II Criteria and Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 12-Item Health Survey, version 2 (SF-12v2). The mean scale and summary scores of SF-12v2 for those who did and did not meet ROME II criteria and for those who met ROME II criteria with and without visiting a physician in past three months were determined and compared using multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: Of the 951 households successfully contacted, 590 (62%) were willing to participate, of which 437 (74%) individuals were recruited. One hundred ten IBS cases (81 of which were women) and 327 non-IBS controls (180 of which were women) were identified. All of the eight mean scale scores and the two mean summary scores were significantly lower in people with IBS than in those without, whether or not adjusting for demographics. Forty-four of the 110 IBS cases (40%) sought medical help. Significantly lower mean physical component score and three scale scores (general health, social functioning and role physical) were found in those who sought medical help than in those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: People with IBS experience significant impairment in HRQOL, including both physical and mental well-being. People with IBS who seek medical help report worse physical health than those who do not, but their mental health is no different.     

CR、CT、MRI在骨肿瘤诊断中的临床价值

[目的]评价计算机X线摄影（CR）、CT、磁共振成像（MRl）在骨肿瘤诊断中的临床价值。[方法]回顾分析55例经病理证实的影像学资料，其中55例均有CR平片，21例CT扫描，20例做了MRI检查。[结果]55例中51例CR片清晰显示骨质改变，40例CR片清晰显示病灶边界，20例CR片清晰显示骨膜反应，19例CR片清晰显示病灶内有大小不一钙化。21例行CT扫描病例均清晰显示骨质改变、病灶边界、病灶内有大小不一钙化，8例清晰显示骨膜反应。20例做了MRI检查病例均清晰显示病灶边界及软组织肿块，8例显示相应骨髓水肿。[结论]CR片仍为骨肿瘤的首选检查方法，CT较好显示了肿瘤的范围及细微结构，MRI对显示肿瘤的范围、软组织肿块及相应骨髓水肿有明显优势。三者相结合有助于骨肿瘤的诊断。     

腹腔脓肿早期超声引导下穿刺抽脓疗效观察

腹腔脓肿是腹部手术后较常见的合并症,常发生在膈下、肠间以及盆腔,给病人带来极大的痛苦。非手术治疗的病程较长,费用昂贵,并有脓肿破裂的可能,形成腹膜炎,甚至危及患者的生命;而腹腔脓肿的手术适应证及时机又较难掌握,且手术风险性高。我院自2000年来采用B型超声引导经皮腹腔穿刺引流的方法治疗了部分病例,并与手术引流治疗的效果进行比较,现报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料将入选患者46例依据随机数字表随机分为手术组与穿刺组,每组23例。穿刺组男12例,女11例;平均年龄31.5岁;急性化脓性(坏疽性)阑尾炎8例,上消化道溃疡穿孔4例,腹部穿透…     

皮瓣展平法在耳廓再造时扩张皮瓣感染中的应用

目的探索耳廓再造时扩张皮瓣感染的处理方法。方法分析中国协和医科大学整形外科医院外耳冉造中心2003年1月～2005年12月耳廓再造时耳后扩张皮瓣发生感染，经皮瓣展平法处理，感染控制后进行耳再造的12例（12耳）患者的治疗情况。结果12例（12耳）患者手术顺利，术后恢复好，再造耳效果与无感染者无明显差异。结论皮瓣展平法是耳廓再造时扩张皮瓣感染较理想的处理方法。     

降钙素防治骨质疏松模型兔的人工假体无菌性松动的实验研究

[目的]探讨降钙素对已行人工假体植入骨质疏松模型免的假体无菌性松动防治作用的实验研究。[方法]将30只假体植入模型的骨质疏松症兔随机分成实验组和对照组，各15只。实验组给予鲑鱼降钙素治疗（6U／kg，肌注，隔日1次），而对照组给予等量的生理盐水肌注，持续治疗半年。两组均分别于术前、术后4、8、12和24周检测假体周围感应区（ROI）骨密度（BMD）；于术前及术后4、12、24周行血清骨代谢指标检测：骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（BALP）、骨钙素（BGP）、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-5b（TRAP-5b）；所有动物于术后24周处死，分别行假体拔出实验与扭转实验测定和假体周围骨组织形态计量学分析。[结果]术后24周，实验组假体周围局部感兴趣区BMD增加近5％，而对照组假体周围局部感兴趣区BMD下降了6％，两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）；骨代谢指标中，术后24周实验组的BALP、BGP稍有下降，但组内无显著性差异（P〉0．05），而TRAP-5b有明显下降（P〈0．05），这些指标与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；生物力学检测显示，实验组的假体拔出实验较对照组提高了约50％，扭转实验提高近1倍，且两组比较差异显著（P〈0．01）；骨组织形态计量学显示，实验组中反映骨吸收的Oc．No／Tb．Pm、ES／BS明显减少；反映骨量和微结构的％Tb．Ar、Tb．N明显增多，而Tb．Sp明显变窄：反映骨形成与骨矿化的OS／BS、MAR、BFR／TV及％L．Pm也均明显增多；这些指标与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。[结论]鲑鱼降钙素能明显减少人工假体周围骨量的丢失和抑制骨溶解；并加快假体周围的骨形成，提高骨密度，促进生理性骨矿化；还能改善骨质量，促进骨微结构改变，提高骨的生物力学特性并增加假体四周的支撑力。其对骨质疏松症兔的假体松动有明显的预防和治疗作用。这对临床预防和治疗人工关节的无菌性松动有很好的指导意义。