36例胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的临床分析

目的：探讨胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的诊断和治疗。方法：对1998年6月至2006年9月瑞金医院收治的36例病理诊断为胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤好发于中老年女性,多见于胰腺头颈部,无特征性临床表现。B超和CT诊断囊性肿瘤的正确率分别为69%（25/36）和94%（34/36）。CT对于囊腺瘤的诊断正确率为80%（29/36）,对浆液性囊腺瘤的诊断正确率为61%（22/36）。在不能排除或考虑实性假乳头状瘤的病人中MRI对于囊腺瘤的诊断正确率80%（4/5）。本组35例行手术治疗,其中7例行胰十二指肠切除;11例行胰腺节段切除;12例行胰体尾切除;5例行局部切除,1例行剖腹探查活组织检查。10例术后出现并发症,包括胰瘘、内出血、幽门梗阻、胰腺假性囊肿合并肠瘘病人及不同程度的胸腔积液。1例因内出血死亡。本组3例失访,32例获随访,除2例因其它疾病死亡,其余均健在,术后无复发。结论：CT和MRI,结合肿瘤学指标和临床病理特征可大大提高浆液性囊腺瘤的术前诊断率。浆液性囊腺瘤是一种良性的肿瘤,但手术治疗并发症较多。大多数浆液性囊腺瘤可考虑随访;有症状的胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤,或与黏液性囊性肿瘤不能鉴别者,应手术治疗。     

兔VX2肝癌模型的制作及CT、MRI表现

目的建立稳定的兔VX2移植性肝癌模型,分析少血供移植性肝恶性肿瘤的CT及MRI影像特征,与病理学相对照。方法取荷瘤兔后腿肌肉内VX2肿瘤,剪成小块后,经开腹种植于30只新西兰大白兔肝左叶或肝中叶,于种植后第2周、第3周分别进行CT及MRI增强扫描,统计肿瘤种植成功率,观察肿瘤体积及生长指数,分析肿瘤CT及MRI平扫和增强表现,区分富血供、少血供肿瘤;分别处死2只实验兔进行病理分析,与影像学相对照。结果VX2移植瘤种植成功22只;成瘤率为73%。2周与3周时肿瘤生长率有显著差异(P<0.01)。VX2移植瘤在CT及MRI上表现为占位性病变,呈类圆形或分叶状低密度或低信号结节,增强后发现少血供VX2移植瘤14只,表现为肿瘤无强化或轻微强化,肿瘤主体保持为低密度或低信号;富血供肝移植瘤8只,表现为肿瘤中度强化或明显强化,肿瘤主体密度或信号明显高于肝实质。光镜下肿瘤新生毛细血管虽较丰富,但纤细。结论经开腹种植法制作兔VX2肝移植瘤模型是一种简单、成功率高的建模方法,但易发生转移。CT及MRI平扫和增强扫描是检测肿瘤生长和血供的可靠方法,兔VX2肝移植瘤模型在CT与MRI上主要是一种少血供肝癌模型。     

丙泊酚对大鼠缺血再灌注肾NF-κB、TNF-α表达的影响

目的 研究丙泊酚对大鼠肢体缺血再灌注损伤后肾组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumornecrosisfactor-α，TNF-α）、核因子-κB（nuclear factor-κxB，NF-κB）表达的影响。方法 24只SD雄性大鼠，随机分为假手术对照组（A组），肢体缺血再灌注组（B组）和丙泊酚干预组（C组），每组8只。采用免疫组织化学方法检测TNF-α、NF-κB的表达，行图像分析半定量。结果 B组大鼠肾组织中TNF-α、NF-κB的表达明显高于A组（P〈0．05），C组明显低于B组（P〈0．05）。结论 肢体缺血再灌注后有明显肾损伤，丙泊酚对肢体缺血再灌注肾损伤有一定程度的保护作用，其机制可能与下调大鼠肢体缺血再灌注损伤肾组织中TNF-α、NF-κB的过度表达有关。     

Isoflurane Preconditioning Improves Long-term Neurologic Outcome after Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Rats

Background: Preconditioning the brain with relatively safe drugs seems to be a viable option to reduce ischemic brain injury. The authors and others have shown that the volatile anesthetic isoflurane can precondition the brain against ischemia. Here, the authors determine whether isoflurane preconditioning improves long-term neurologic outcome after brain ischemia.

Methods: Six-day-old rats were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane for 30 min at 24 h before the brain hypoxia-ischemia that was induced by left common carotid arterial ligation and then exposure to 8% oxygen for 2 h. The neuropathology, motor coordination, and learning and memory functions were assayed 1 month after the brain ischemia. Western analysis was performed to quantify the expression of the heat shock protein 70, Bcl-2, and survivin 24 h after isoflurane exposure.

Results: The mortality was 45% after brain hypoxia-ischemia. Isoflurane preconditioning did not affect this mortality. However, isoflurane preconditioning attenuated ischemia-induced loss of neurons and brain tissues, such as cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the survivors. Isoflurane also improved the motor coordination of rats at 1 month after ischemia. The learning and memory functions as measured by performance of Y-maze and social recognition tasks in the survivors were not affected by the brain hypoxia-ischemia or isoflurane preconditioning. The expression of Bcl-2, a well-known antiapoptotic protein, in the hippocampus is increased after isoflurane exposure. This increase was reduced by the inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition also abolished isoflurane preconditioning-induced neuroprotection.     

Endoscopic T-tube placement in the management of lye-induced esophageal perforation: Case report of a safe treatment strategy

Esophageal perforation is associated with a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. We report herein a case of lye-induced esophageal perforation managed successfully by employing endoscopic T-tube placement with a successful outcome.     

支气管动脉栓塞术治疗咯血的疗效分析

目的 评价支气管动脉栓塞术治疗咯血的临床疗效.方法 对45例咯血患者用明胶海绵颗粒、聚乙烯醇(PVA)微球栓塞剂行支气管动脉栓塞术.结果 45例患者均成功行支气管动脉栓塞术,41例咯血完全控制,4例复发,复发率8.9%,5例患者术后出现胸痛和低热不适,无需特别处理,可自行缓解,未出现穿刺部位血肿和截瘫等并发症.结论 支气管动脉栓塞术是治疗咯血的一种快速、安全、有效的方法.     

利福昔明对比环丙沙星治疗急性肠炎临床研究

目的　研究利福昔明对比环丙沙星治疗急性肠炎的有效性和安全性。　方法　采用随机对照方法 ,共治疗 5 1例急性肠炎。利福昔明治疗 2 5例 ,环丙沙星 2 6例 ,用药时间方法相同。观察治疗前后临床症状、大便性状、大便次数、便常规、血常规、尿常规及肝肾功能 ,以了解其疗效及不良反应情况。　结果　利福昔明组 (治疗组 )与环丙沙星组 (对照组 )相比 ,显效率分别为 92 .0 %和 80 .8% ,总有效率分别为 92 .0 %和 96 .2 % ,止泻时间治疗组 2 8.6 7± 15 .92h ,对照组 36 .12± 2 0 .70h ,均未见明显毒副作用。以上各项指标及两组在治疗过程中大便次数变化、大便常规复常率经统计学处理均无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。　结论　利福昔明可用于治疗急性肠炎 ,与环丙沙星比较 ,疗效相仿 ,但耐受性好 ,口服不吸收 ,故值得推广     

川芎嗪对肾缺血再灌注时c-fos bcl-2 ICAM-1蛋白表达的影响

目的　探讨大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤不同时间c -fos、细胞淋巴瘤 /白血病 - 2、细胞间粘附分子- 1蛋白的表达及川芎嗪对其影响。方法　用免疫组化法检测大鼠急性肾缺血再灌注不同时间内及川芎嗪干预后c -fos、细胞淋巴瘤 /白血病 - 2、细胞间粘附分子 - 1蛋白表达的分布及强度变化。结果　c -fos蛋白分布于近曲小管、远曲小管、集合管上皮细胞的细胞核、细胞浆内 ,再灌注后 1h表达明显增强 ,3h达高峰 ,6h锐减。细胞淋巴瘤 /白血病 - 2蛋白主要分布于近曲小管上皮细胞的细胞浆 ,再灌注后 1h表达明显增强 ,6h达高峰 ,2 4h仍有较强表达。细胞间粘附分子 - 1蛋白分布在肾血管、肾小管等部位 ,其中以肾血管为著 ,其表达增强于再灌注后 1h ,直到 2 4h仍有增高趋势。川芎嗪干预后c -fos、细胞间粘附分子 - 1蛋白表达明显下降 (P <0 0 1 )。细胞淋巴瘤 /白血病 - 2表达明显增高 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　川芎嗪对肾缺血再灌注损伤有较好的保护作用     

Liposome-mediated transfer of vascular endothelial growth factor cDNA augments survival of random-pattern skin flaps in the rat.

Tissue engineering is an application for gene therapy that is in its infancy. We show that simple liposomal-mediated gene transfer could result in a potentially useful biological effect in the field of wound healing. cDNA encoding the 165 amino acid form of vascular endothelial growth factor complexed to commercially available liposomes was injected into rat skin 1 week before raising a random pattern 3 x 10 cm flap. The flap survival was enhanced by 14 percent, and was accomplished without accessing the arterial inflow of the territory. These results were statistically significant (p<0.002) and reproducible. No adverse effects were seen. Histological analysis of the angiogenesis localized much of the new vessel formation to the area around the hair follicles. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of extracted flap tissue confirmed the presence of the transgene.     

柴苓小方对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞异常增殖的影响

目的：探讨柴苓小方对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞（GMCs）异常增殖的影响及相关机制。方法：采用脂多糖刺激系膜细胞异常增殖。MTT法检测柴苓小方对㈣异常增殖的影响；免疫细胞化学方法检测药物作用后增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）的表达；乳酸脱氢酶释放实验检测柴苓小方的细胞毒作用。采用RT—PCR检测药物作用不同时间点细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂p21的表达。结果：柴苓小方可以剂量依赖性的抑制系膜细胞异常增殖并显著减少PCNA阳性细胞数而没有明显的细胞毒作用。并且柴苓小方可以显著地上调p21基因的表达（P〈0．05）。结论：柴苓小方可剂量依赖性的抑制GMC8异常增殖．其机制可能与上调p21mRNA表达有关。