机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的预后风险因素

目的探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术(RARC)后的预后风险因素。方法回顾性分析南京鼓楼医院2014年12月至2018年12月收治的224例行RARC患者的临床和随访资料,男193例,女31例。平均年龄68(36~92)岁。7例(3.1%)接受新辅助化疗。125例(55.8%)美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)评分>2分。平均体质指数23.4(15.4~35.5)kg/m2。所有患者均行RARC。使用Kaplan-Meier法绘制无复发生存率(RFS)、癌症特异性生存率(CSS)和总生存率(OS)曲线。使用Cox比例风险回归模型评估RARC患者生存结局与围手术期和病理因素的相关性。结果本组224例手术,中位手术时间380(160~670)min。中位术中估计失血量为350(100~1900)ml,72例(32.1%)术中输血。术后T分期分别为≤T1期82例,T2期64例,T3期57例,T4期21例。淋巴结转移49例(21.9%),手术切缘阳性12例(5.4%),伴淋巴脉管侵犯(LVI)82例(36.6%)。术后辅助化疗41例(18.3%)。中位随访时间24(11~60)个月。5年累积OS、RFS和CSS分别为57.15%、48.84%和59.60%。单因素Cox回归分析结果显示T分期(HR=5.764,95%CI 1.926~17.249,P=0.002;HR=4.086,95%CI 1.611~10.364,P=0.003;HR=9.391,95%CI 2.118~41.637,P=0.003)、N分期(HR=6.446,95%CI 3.438~12.087,P<0.001;HR=5.661,95%CI 3.086~10.385,P<0.001;HR=5.980,95%CI 2.982~11.992,P<0.001)、LVI(HR=3.319,95%CI 2.008~5.486,P<0.001;HR=2.894,95%CI 1.782~4.701,P<0.001;HR=3.471,95%CI 2.017~5.974,P<0.001)、ASA评分(HR=2.888,95%CI 1.619~5.150,P<0.001;HR=1.765,95%CI 1.060~2.940,P=0.029;HR=2.612,95%CI 1.424~4.792,P=0.002)、体质指数(HR=0.886,95%CI 0.819~0.957,P=0.002;HR=0.885,95%CI 0.819~0.955,P=0.002;HR=0.862,95%CI 0.792~0.938,P=0.001)、年龄(HR=1.580,95%CI 1.250~1.997,P<0.001;HR=1.362,95%CI 1.088~1.705,P=0.007;HR=1.530,95%CI 1.190~1.968,P=0.001)和术中输血(HR=1.899,95%CI 1.160~3.108,P=0.011;HR=2.218,95%CI 1.371~3.587,P=0.001;HR=2.227,95%CI 1.312~3.782,P=0.003)是OS、RFS和CSS的显著预测因素。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,T分期(HR=4.506,95%CI 1.433~14.175,P=0.01;HR=3.159,95%CI 1.180~8.454,P=0.022;HR=7.810,95%CI 1.674~36.444,P=0.009),N分期(HR=6.096,95%CI 2.981~12.467,P<0.001;HR=5.368,95%CI 2.683~10.740,P<0.001;HR=5.539,95%CI 2.497~12.288,P<0.001)和ASA评分(HR=6.180,95%CI 2.371~16.110,P<0.001;HR=2.702,95%CI 1.175~6.215,P=0.019;HR=6.471,95%CI 2.290~18.286,P<0.001)分别是OS、RFS和CSS的独立预测因素,辅助化疗(HR=0.434,95%CI 0.202~0.930,P=0.032)是OS的独立预测因素。结论T分期、N分期和ASA评分是RARC术后患者OS、RFS和CSS的独立预测因素,辅助化疗是OS的独立预测因素。     

Incidence and risk factors of suicide among patients diagnosed with bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Patients with bladder cancer have a high risk of suicide. This study aimed to assess how bladder cancer increases suicide risk and to identify the demographic and clinical factors associated with suicidal death among patients with bladder cancer. Methods: Literature search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Sciences and Cochrane Library databases was conducted up to April 2020 to identify eligible studies related to the incidence and risk factors of suicide after bladder cancer diagnosis. Summary multivariate-adjusted risk estimates and their associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using inverse variance method with random or fixed-effect modeling. Results: Five retrospective cohorts comprising 563,680 patients with bladder cancer were included. Higher risk of suicide by 1.90-fold was observed among patients with bladder cancer (hazard ratio, HR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.29–2.81; P = 0.001; I² = 81.2%), especially in those aged 70 years or older (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.29–1.43; P < 0.001; I² = 0%), unmarried (HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.61–1.83; P < 0.001; I² = 0%), and those with regional bladder cancer (HR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.10–3.21; P = 0.021; I² = 96.3%), compared with those without bladder cancer. Furthermore, gender and race were not associated with increased suicide risk among patients with bladder cancer. Conclusions: Suicide risk is increased among patients with bladder cancer, particularly those aged 70 years or older, unmarried and those with regional bladder cancer. Hence, early psychological support must be provided during the follow-up period of these special populations with a high suicide risk.     

金昌队列人群非酒精性脂肪肝发病的影响因素分析

目的了解金昌队列人群非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)发病的影响因素,为NAFLD的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法以金昌队列基线未患脂肪肝且符合纳入标准的20051人为研究对象,通过前瞻性队列研究及Cox回归分析探讨NAFLD发病影响因素,并用限制性立方样条法研究相关生化指标与NAFLD发病风险的剂量反应关系。结果NAFLD发病密度为42.37/1000人年,多因素Cox回归分析显示,职业为工人与技术人员(工人:HR=0.84,95%CI:0.70~0.99;技术人员:HR=0.73,95%CI:0.56~0.95)、饮茶(正在饮:HR=0.86,95%CI:0.78~0.94;过去饮:HR=0.52,95%CI:0.31~0.86)、体育锻炼(偶尔:HR=0.79,95%CI:0.68~0.91;经常:HR=0.60,95%CI:0.52~0.69)、体重较轻(HR=0.10,95%CI:0.05~0.22)、奶类及奶制品摄入>300 ml/d(HR=0.78,95%CI:0.71~0.87)、HBV感染(HR=0.77,95%CI:0.60~0.99)是NAFLD的保护因素;职业为内勤服务人员(HR=1.84,95%CI:1.46~2.31)、家庭人均月收入≥2000元(2000~元:HR=1.32,95%CI:1.04~1.66;≥5000元:HR=1.72,95%CI:1.11~2.66)、文化程度为本科及以上(HR=1.35,95%CI:1.03~1.76)、超重(HR=2.31,95%CI:2.08~2.55)、肥胖(HR=3.95,95%CI:3.42~4.56)、空腹血糖受损(HR=1.31,95%CI:1.17~1.47)、糖尿病(HR=1.53,95%CI:1.30~1.80)、TC升高(HR=1.37,95%CI:1.24~1.52)、TG升高(HR=1.79,95%CI:1.62~1.98)、HDL-C降低(HR=1.29,95%CI:1.14~1.45)、ALT升高(HR=1.13,95%CI:1.01~1.26)和高脂饮食(HR=1.24,95%CI:1.11~1.40)是NAFLD的危险因素,TC、TG、HDL-C、ALT、FPG与NAFLD发病呈良好的剂量反应关系。结论职业、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、饮茶、体育锻炼、BMI、FPG、血脂、ALT、HBV、饮食与NAFLD发病有关。     

“They Assume That You’re Not Having Sex”: A Qualitative Exploration of How Paediatric Healthcare Providers Can Have Positive Sexuality-Related Conversations with Youth with Disabilities

Sexuality and Disability - Every individual should have equal access to sexuality-related information and services. Regrettably, societal stigma revolves around the sexuality of youth with...     

股骨粗隆间骨折术后并发症及原因分析

目的回顾性分析股骨粗隆间骨折的术后并发症并分析其原因。方法 2008年1月~2012年12月,我院手术治疗股骨粗隆间骨折共295例,按Evans分型,Ia型26例,Ib型53例,Ic型97例,Id型52例,II型67例。其中DHS组59例,IMHS组80例,PFN组25例,GAMMA3组28例,INTERTAN组103例。随访3~36个月,对部分发生并发症的病例进行手术干预。结果内固定物切割6例,拉力螺钉退出2例,髋内翻、下肢短缩12例,感染6例,血管损伤2例,股骨头无菌性坏死2例,内植物远端骨折2例,部分经再次手术治疗治愈。结论手术治疗股骨粗隆间骨折,要结合骨折类型、患者全身情况合理选用内固定物,术中复位及操作技术的改进以及术后适度的功能锻炼,能够减少术中及术后并发症的发生。     

Bioactive glass serves as a substrate for maintenance of phenotype of nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc

The objective of the study was to investigate the capability of bioactive glass 45S5 to serve as a substrate for nucleus pulposus cells in vitro. Nucleus pulposus cells were isolated from adult rabbit discs and seeded onto bioactive glass. At selected time intervals, the cells and glass were evaluated. We found that the cells rapidly attached to the substrate, colonizing it within 12 h. By 21 days, they had formed a lawn of cells over the glass substrate. DNA measurements showed a progressive increase in cell number with time. The phenotype was maintained; the cells expressed aggrecan, and collagen type II and I, but were negative for collagen type X. CD44, a cell-surface glycoprotein that binds hyaluronate, was also expressed by these cells. Electron dispersive X-ray analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed calcium phosphate-rich layer formation on the substrate surface. The results of this study suggest that nucleus pulposus cell proliferation may be an anchorage dependent event, and that the cells use the calcium phosphate-rich layer to facilitate cell adhesion, and subsequent proliferation. These findings point to the importance of the conditioned bioactive glass as a substrate for nucleus pulposus cells.     

Mechanism of Intestinal Absorption of Ranitidine and Ondansetron: Transport Across Caco-2 Cell Monolayers

We have investigated the transport of ranitidine and ondansetron across the Caco-2 cell monolayers. The apparent permeability coefficients (P _app) were unchanged throughout the concentration range studied, indicating a passive diffusion pathway across intestinal mucosa. No metabolism was observed for ranitidine and ondansetron during the incubation with Caco-2 cell monolayers. P _app values for ranitidine and ondansetron (bioavailability of 50 and 100% in humans, respectively) were 1.03 ± 0.17 × 10^–7 and 1.83 ± 0.055 × 10^–5 cm/sec, respectively. The P _app value for ranitidine was increased by 15- to 20-fold in a calcium-free medium or in the transport medium containing EDTA, whereas no significant change occurred with ondansetron, indicating that paracellular passive diffusion is not rate determining for ondansetron. Uptake of ondansetron by Caco-2 cell monolayers was 20- and 5-fold higher than that of ranitidine when the uptake study was carried out under sink conditions and at steady state. These results suggest that ranitidine and ondansetron are transported across Caco-2 cell monolayers predominantly via paracellular and transcellular pathways, respectively.     

抗脆弱类杆菌和产气荚膜杆菌McAb池在外科感染快速诊断中的应用

目的 制备抗脆弱杆菌和抗产气荚膜杆菌单克隆抗体池,并用于快速诊断及时指导临床治疗。方法 采用间接免疫荧光抗体染色法（IFA）和免疫酶标抗体染色法（ELA）对我院1998～1999年191例外科感染患者的标本进行细菌学检测,并与常规培养法进行比较。结果 3种方法从191份标本中分别检出脆弱类杆菌53株（27.7%）和55株（28.8%）以及25株（13.1%）;检出产气荚膜杆菌12株（6.3%）和11株（5.8%)以及6株（3.1%）。IFA和ELA法2种厌氧菌检出率明显高于CM法。但IFA和ELA法之间检出率差异无显著性。结论 自制脆弱类杆菌和抗产气荚膜杆菌的McAb池,检测平时常见的脆弱类杆菌和战时常见的产气荚膜杆菌,敏感性高,简便,快速、便于推广。     

偏侧萎缩-偏侧帕金森综合征——6例报道并文献复习

目的通过分析 6例偏侧萎缩－偏侧帕金森综合征 (HAHP)的临床资料,探讨 HAHP的病因,临床表现,诊断和治疗。方法对 6例 HAHP病人的临床表现进行详细分析并综合文献报告。结果 6例病人全部符合 Bushman等 1988年提出的 HA诊断标准,其中 5例确诊, 1例拟诊。 2例疑诊 HAHP。 6例病人都接受了 B族维生素、地巴唑、胞二磷胆碱、安坦等药物治疗,但几无疗效。结论 HAHP是一种罕见的临床综合征,病因不明。临床上主要表现为偏侧萎缩、偏侧帕金森综合征、发作性肌张力障碍。 HAHP的诊断主要依靠临床表现,神经影像资料可能有助诊断。迄今, HAHP尚无有效治疗。