Innovative technology for web-based data management during an outbreak

Lack of automated and integrated data collection and management, and poor linkage of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data during an outbreak can inhibit effective and timely outbreak investigation and response. This paper describes an innovative web-based technology, referred to as Web Data, developed for the rapid set-up and provision of interactive and adaptive data management during outbreak situations. We also describe the benefits and limitations of the Web Data technology identified through a questionnaire that was developed to evaluate the use of Web Data implementation and application during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic by Winnipeg Regional Health Authority and Provincial Laboratory for Public Health of Alberta. Some of the main benefits include: improved and secure data access, increased efficiency and reduced error, enhanced electronic collection and transfer of data, rapid creation and modification of the database, conversion of specimen-level to case-level data, and user-defined data extraction and query capabilities. Areas requiring improvement include: better understanding of privacy policies, increased capability for data sharing and linkages between jurisdictions to alleviate data entry duplication.     

Internal-external percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for malignant biliary obstruction: a retrospective analysis

When percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is required for the management of malignant biliary obstruction, the local policy favours the use of internal–external drains. Regular planned drain exchanges are scheduled, and patients have open access back into the system to minimise complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the success and complication rate of this method for the palliation of malignant biliary obstruction. The hospital records of 43 consecutive patients who underwent PTBD for malignant biliary obstruction at a single institution between 1 February 2004 and 31 January 2006 were reviewed. Outcomes were examined until January 2008. Biliary decompression was achieved in all 43 patients. The level of obstruction was defined as distal in 24 patients and perihilar in 19 patients. There was one procedure-related death. There were 91 routine outpatient drain exchanges performed at a median interval of 45 (range 21–64) days. Overall, 24/43 patients encountered 80 discrete complications related to biliary drainage. Fifty-two non-scheduled drain exchanges (accounting for 65% of all complications) were performed on an outpatient basis. Fourteen patients were readmitted on a median of one (range 1–3) occasion for a median duration of 3 (range 1–12) days. Median survival was 71 (range 7–850) days. PTBD can be performed with low mortality, but long-term morbidity remains high despite an aggressive approach to maintaining biliary patency. Providing patients with an open-access service means the majority of complications can be dealt with on an outpatient basis.     

过敏性紫癜中医证治

过敏性紫癜小儿多见,也有部分成人发病。病因有外感和内伤,病机有虚实,实则热毒迫血妄行,虚则阴虚内热伤络,气虚失于统摄;病情迁延则气虚致瘀,瘀血阻络又易导致血液溢于脉外而复发。小儿外感因素居多,成人与饮食、情志和劳伤等因素更密切。发病无明显季节性,外感风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火均可致病。有阳络伤和阴络伤以及伤经络和伤脏腑不同＂,阳络伤则血外溢,阴络伤则血内溢＂＂,斑出阳明,疹出太阴＂。临床证型有热毒伤络、阴虚火旺、气不摄血和瘀血阻络等,热毒伤络型带有明显外感特征,其余三个证型则表现为内伤特征。前者多以疏风清热或清热解毒联合凉血止血方法,其余三个证型则滋阴清热或降火、健脾益气摄血或活血化瘀止血等。治疗体现止血、消瘀、宁血、养血总纲。     

中国林芝地区某院眼科门诊疾病谱分析

目的 对林芝市巴宜区人民医院眼科门诊患者疾病构成进行分析,为该地区眼科疾病的诊疗及眼科医疗资源合理配置提供参考.方法 选取2020年4月1日-2020年10月31日就诊于林芝市巴宜区人民医院眼科门诊的患者,对其疾病构成、顺位、性别、年龄、主要诊断等进行统计分析.结果 纳入统计共749例,男312例,女437例,比例为1...     

从督脉探讨扶阳理论在针灸临床中的应用

扶阳理论以阴阳为总纲,重视阳气,主张阳主阴从。通过针对督脉的诊治,可以最大限度地激发人身之阳气,促成扶阳之效。在针灸临床上,督脉为阳脉之海,总督诸阳,联系脏腑,故根据督脉的生理基础和病候表现,提出通督扶阳和补督扶阳的方法,治疗脑卒中后手足浮肿、痉挛性瘫痪、腰椎间盘突出症、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、五更泻、类风湿性关节炎等疗效显著。应准确辨证,通补结合,方能达到最佳扶阳的效果,祛除病邪。     

Comparison of Brief Health Literacy Screens in the Emergency Department

Measuring health literacy efficiently yet accurately is of interest both clinically and in research. The authors examined 6 brief health literacy measures and compared their categorization of patient health literacy levels and their comparative associations with patients’ health status. The authors assessed 400 emergency department patients with the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults, the Newest Vital Sign, Single Item Literacy Screen, brief screening questions, Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine–Revised, and the Medical Term Recognition Test. The authors analyzed data using Spearman's correlation coefficients and ran separate logistic regressions for each instrument for patient self-reported health status. Tests differed in the proportion of patients’ skills classified as adequate, but all instruments were significantly correlated; instruments targeting similar skills were more strongly correlated. Scoring poorly on any instrument was significantly associated with worse health status after adjusting for age, sex and race, with a score in the combined inadequate/marginal category on the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults carrying the largest risk (OR = 2.94, 95% CI [1.23, 7.05]). Future research will need to further elaborate instrument differences in predicting different outcomes.     

慢性充血性心力衰竭患者血浆BNP含量与心脏结构和功能参数之间关系探讨

目的 探讨慢性充血性心力衰竭患者血浆BNP含量与超声心功能参数及心脏主要结构测量值之间的关系.方法 选择慢性充血性心力衰竭的住院患者178例,用免疫荧光定量法检测血浆BNP值,并检查心脏彩超,记录反映心功能的参数左心室射血分数(LVEF)、短轴缩短率(FS)、每搏量(SV)、左室重量(LVMI)和心脏结构的参数升主动脉根部内径(AAO)、左房内径(LAS)、左室舒张期内径(LVDD)、左室收缩期内径(LVSD)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(LVPW)、主肺动脉内径(MPA)、升主动脉宽度、肺动脉压(PA)、右室流出道内径、右室舒张末期内径、右房内径、右肺动脉内径.分析BNP与心脏各超声参数之间的相关性.结果 患者BNP平均水平为236.12±376.51 pg/ml.BNP与LVEF,FS,SV呈负相关(相关系数r依次为-0.559,-0.567,-0.206,P值均<0.01).与LVDD,LVSD,LAS,LVPW,IVSD,MPA和PAP呈正相关(相关系数r依次为0.338,0.494,0.371,0.194,0.215,0.381,0.400;P值≤0.01).结论 慢性充血性心力衰竭患者血浆BNP含量与某些心功能参数呈负相关,与心脏某些结构参数呈正相关.     

异基因造血干细胞移植后的巨细胞病毒肠炎24例分析

目的 分析异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后巨细胞病毒(GMV)肠炎的临床特点、诊断方法和危险因素.方法 总结北京市道培医院2007年8月至2009年7月确诊的24例CMV肠炎患者的一般临床资料和内窥镜、组织病理学和病毒学检查结果,以及CMV肠炎与CMV病毒血症和移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的关系.结果 87.5%的患者年龄≥18岁,诊断CMV肠炎的中位时间为allo-HSCT后第63天.内窥镜下的肠黏膜表现对区分单纯CMV肠炎和肠炎合并GVHD没有鉴别意义.用于诊断的方法包括组织病理学(32.1%)和病毒学(92.9%)检查.肠黏膜标本中每106个单个核细胞的CMV DNA定量大于105时更有诊断价值.在死亡和存活两组患者中进行了下列危险因素的比较:移植类型、预处理方案、更昔洛韦预防病毒天数、确诊肠炎前有无Ⅱ～Ⅳ度急性GVHD、GVHD确诊时间、是否使用≥1 mg/kg的甲泼尼龙治疗GVHD、GVHD距离确诊肠炎的时间、肠炎前是否有CMV血症、确诊肠炎的时间、肠黏膜CMV DNA定量,差异均无统计学意义.结论 进行内窥镜检查并通过组织病理学和病毒学检查确诊是CMV肠炎诊断中的决定性因素,最好进行全结肠检查并到达回肠末端.PCR方法能明显提高CMV检出率.对那些无法进行肠镜检查的患者,采用粪便检测CMVDNA能够对诊断提供帮助.

Abstract：

Objective To analyse the clinical features, diagnostic methods and risk factors of cytomegalovirus(CMV) enteritis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).Methods Analysis was made on 24 cases of CMV enteritis after allo-HSCT in Beijing Daopei Hospital from Aug.2007 to Jul.2009, including clinical data, endoscopic diagnosis, histopathological and virological results, and the association between CMV enteritis with viremia and graft-versus-host disease(GVHD).Results 87.5% of the patients were over 18 years old.The median time to diagnosis of CMV enteritis was 63 days after HSCT.The mucosal lesions in enteroscopic examination had no significant differences between CMV enteritis and gastrointestinal GVHD complicated with the enteritis.The methods used in diagnosis included histopathology (32.1%) and virology (92.9%).The copies of CMVDNA in mucosal samples greater than 105/106 PBNC was better diagnosis.A number of risk factors were compared between the survival and death groups: type of transplant, conditioning regimen, the time span of ganciclovir prophylaxis therapy, grade Ⅱ - Ⅳ GVHD before enteritis, the time of diagnosis as GVHD, using MP≥1 mg,/kg to treat GVHD, the time between GVHD and enteritis, CMV viremia before enteritis, the time of diagnosis as enteritis, CMVDNA quantitation, and there were no any statistic differences.Conclusion Cytomegalovirus enteritis should be carefully diagnosed by histopathology and virology through endoscopic examination.It is better to undertake pan-colon endoscopy as well as terminal ileum examination for more accurate diagnosis.PCR can significantly improve the detection rate.CMVDNA detection in patients' stool may be helpful to diagnosis, especially for those patients who can not stand the endoscopy examination.     

甲状腺乳头状增生活跃与微小乳头状癌的诊断与鉴别诊断

目的 探讨甲状腺乳头状增生活跃与微小乳头状癌(PMC)的诊断与鉴别诊断.方法 收集PMC 100例,结节性甲状腺肿伴乳头状增生活跃53例.对比两者病理形态特征、流行病学及外科治疗方式,并检测CK19、HBME-1、galectin-3、CD56和p63的表达.结果 100%(53/53)的乳头状增生活跃出现具有纤维血管轴心的真性乳头,73.6%(39/53)伴2级及以上分支.无1例出现典型毛玻璃核、核明显异型重叠、包涵体等微小乳头状癌的细胞核特征,亦无间质硬化及浸润特征.甲状腺PMC中98.6%(73/74)CK19、HBME-1和galectin-3出现弥漫强阳性,而乳头状增生活跃组中无1例出现.结论 乳头状增生活跃可出现2级分支的真性乳头,但不出现典型毛玻璃核、核异型、核内包涵体等微小乳头状癌的典型细胞学特征,把不具有细胞学特征的真性乳头诊为乳头状癌一定要慎重.CK19、HBME-1、galectin-3三者弥漫强阳性是鉴别乳头状增生活跃及微小乳头状癌的非常有意义的指标.     

单倍体相合造血干细胞联合脐带血间充质干细胞移植治疗急性重型再生障碍性贫血的疗效观察

本研究探讨单倍体相合造血干细胞移植联合脐带血间充质干细胞治疗重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA)的方法和疗效。对5例SAA的患者进行了单倍体相合造血干细胞移植。移植物选择单倍体相合供者骨髓或外周造血干细胞加脐带血间充质干细胞。观察移植后临床造血重建时间及近期并发症。结果显示,所有SAA患者移植后均获得造血重建,白细胞计数大于2×109/L的平均时间是13.8天,血小板计数大于20×109/L的平均时间是17.8天,第30天行患者外周血STR-PCR检测显示为完全供者的基因型。除1例发生癫痫失去联系外,其余4例均无病存活至今,仍在继续随访中。总之,单倍体相合造血干细胞联合脐带血间充质干细胞移植是治疗急性SAA有效可行的方法,但还须大样本的研究。