空气污染面面观

“今天空气很差啊!”在城市里经常听到人们如此感叹。空气、水、阳光是生命必需的要素．水不干净，可以处理过滤后再饮用，而无所不在的空气却无从清理起。每天呼吸着污染的空气，犹如不断服用少量毒素，短时间内没有特别症状．所以也使得人们常常忽略了它的危险性。     

急性中度氮氧化物中毒1例报告

急性中度氮氧化物中毒１例报告重庆市职业病防治院（６３００６０）王永义张建余患者女４０岁，某化学试剂厂操作工。１９９６年４月２日下午１时许开始在两个直径１ｍ的反应罐中以铜片与盐酸作原料，间断加入硝酸作氧化剂，生产氯化亚铜。因反应罐未加盖，生产过程中不断...     

Effect of curcumin on nitric oxide synthase expression in Iipopolysaccharide-activated microglia cells and the anti-oxidative effect of curcumin

BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that curcumin can increase the activities of various anti-oxidase in blood and tissue, effectively eliminate various free radicals, reduce the production of peroxisome, and alleviate oxidative stress reaction. Whether it has the same effect on microglia? OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of curcumin on the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in microglial cell line BV stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). DESIGN: An observational comparative study. SETTING: Research Room of Biochemistry, Medical College of Nantong University. MATERIALS: Mice microglia cell line BV, iNOS and NF-κB reporter gene plasmids were presented by Dr. Bhat.NR. from the Medical University of South Carolina (USA). Curcumin was produced by the Xi'an Branch of China Chengdu Scholar Bio-Tech. Co.,Ltd.; LPS (E.Coli O26:B6), anti-mice iNOS monoclonal antibody, horseradish peroxidase labeled goat-anti-mice IgG were the products of Sigma Company (USA). METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the Research Room of Biochemistry, Medical College of Nantong University from May 2006 to April 2007. ① Detection of iNOS: The cells were seeded onto 24-well plate at the density of 1×105, After the cells had adhered to the cover glasses, the cells were grouped as negative control group (the primary antibody was replaced by phosphate buffered solution PBS); normal control group (the cells were normally cultured); LPS-treated group (the cells were treated with LPS for 24 hours); curcumin+LPS group (the cells were treated with curcumin for 1 hour and LPS for 24 hours). The expressions of iNOS protein were detected with immunocytochemical staining. ② Determination of iNOS and NF-κB gene activities: According to the introduction of the kit for transfection, iNOS or NF-κB report gene plasmids were transiently transfected with LipofectamineTM2000 liposomes into the cells in the 24-well plate for 24 hours. The cells were divided into normal control group (the cells were normally cultured after transfected with report gene plasmids); blank plasmid group (the cells were normally cultured after transfected with blank plasmids); LPS-treated group (the cells were treated with LPS for 4 hours after transfected with report gene plasmids); curcumin+LPS group (the cells were treated with curcumin for 1 hour and LPS for 24 hours after transfected with report gene plasmids). The content of luciferase in the cell lysis buffer was determined after cell lysis. ③ Determination of SOD activity: The cells were seeded into culture bottle at the density of 1×106, and the divided into four groups, including normal control group (the cells were normally cultured); LPS-treated group (the cells were treated with LPS for 24 hours); curcumin+LPS group (the cells were treated with curcumin for 1 hour and LPS for 24 hours); vitamin C+LPS group (the cells were treated with vitamin C for 1 hour and LPS for 24 hours). The SOD activity was determined with xanthine oxidase and quantitative colorimetric assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expressions of iNOS protein, iNOS and NF-κB, and the activity of SOD were observed. RESULTS: ① Expression of iNOS protein in microglia: The expression of iNOS protein in the LPS-treated group was obviously higher than that in the negative control group (P < 0.01); Those in the curcumin+LPS group were significantly decreased as compared with that in the LPS-treated group (P < 0.01). ② Expressions of iNOS and NF-κB genes: The expressions of iNOS and NF-κB genes in the LPS-treated group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (P < 0.01); Those in the curcumin+LPS group were significantly lower than those in the LPS-treated group (P < 0.01). ③ SOD activity: The activity of SOD in the LPS-treated group was significantly lower than those in the normal control group (P < 0.01). It in the curcumin+LPS group and vitamin C +LPS group was significantly higher than that in the LPS-treated group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Curcumin could inhibit the expression of iNOS in the activated microglia, and it also has the abilities in eliminating free radicals and antagonizing lipid peroxidation.     

染料粉尘和刺激性气体对呼吸道的慢性损害观察——1006例肺功能测定分析

我厂投产已20年,具有生产性毒物一百多种,主要是刺激性气体、苯系物、染料粉尘等。车间防护措施较好,有害物质在空气中的浓度除粉尘超标1～8倍外,其他如氯气、氮氧化物、二氧化碳、苯、苯胺等均在容许值内。急性中毒从1980年的8‰降到1987年0.05‰。为了解刺激性气体和染料粉尘对呼吸道的     

呋咱氮氧化物偶联的双氯芬酸衍生物的药理活性筛选

目的 考察呋咱氮氧化物偶联的双氯芬酸衍生物的抗炎活性与胃肠道副作用的关系以及其NO的释放情况。方法 采用小鼠耳二甲苯致炎和角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀两种实验模型对系列化合物进行了抗炎活性初步筛选,并对抗炎活性较好的化合物进行了胃肠道副作用的观察及NO体内外释放量的测定。结果 抗炎活性较好的化合物其胃肠道副作用明显轻于双氯芬酸,也轻于已知的非甾体抗炎药,且3h体内均有明显的NO释放。结论 NO的引入能有效对抗非甾体抗炎药所致的胃肠道副作用。     

汽车尾气不容忽视

汽车尾气排放上千种化学物质,主要有毒物质是:一氧化碳、氮氧化合物、碳氢化合物、醛及含铅颗粒等。这些有毒物质会导致人体呼吸、心血管、神经系统疾病,降低免疫功能及致癌等危害。 一氧化碳(CO)是无色无味的窒息性有毒气体。北京市研究结果表明,流动机动车排放的CO占城近郊区CO排放量的74％。CO经呼吸道进     

广州地铁站二氧化硫和氮氧化物监测分析

广州地铁二号线首通段于2002年初建成，2002年12月29日试运营。为掌握地铁二号线首通段内环境卫生状况，我们分别对二号线9个车站进行SO2、NO2指标监测。报告如下。     

Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma： Correlation with microvessel density

AIM: Cyclooxygenases (COX) are key enzymes for conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is the enzyme responsible for formation of nitric oxide. Both have constitutive and inducible isoforms. The inducible isoforms (iNOS and COX-2) are of great interest as regulators of tumor angiogenesis, tumorigenesis and inflammatory processes. This study was to clarify their role in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. METHODS: We investigated the immunohistochemical iNOS and COX-2 expression in 40 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas of different grade and stage. The results were compared with microvessel density and clinicopathological data. RESULTS: Twenty-one (52.5%) of the cases showed iNOS expression, 15 (37.5%) of the cases were positive for COX-2. The immunoreaction was heterogeneously distributed within the tumors. Staining intensity was different between the tumors. No correlation between iNOS and COX-2 expression was seen. There was no relationship with microvessel density. However, iNOS positive tumors developed more often distant metastases and the more malignant tumors showed a higher COX-2 expression. There was no correlation with other clinicopathological data. CONCLUSION: Approximately half of the cases expressed iNOS and COX-2. These two enzymes do not seem to be the key step in angiogenesis or carcinogenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Due to a low prevalence of COX-2 expression, chemoprevention of pancreatic carcinomas by COX-2 inhibitors can only achieve a limited success.     

输气管线压气站压缩机房氮氧化物含量测量不确定度评定

目的对西气东输某压气站压缩机房氮氧化物含量的检测结果进行测量不确定度评定,判定结果可靠程度,分析不确定度来源。方法采用定点短时间采样采集压缩机房氮氧化物,应用可见光分光光度计对样品进行检测,分析氮氧化物含量,并对检测结果进行测量不确定度评定。结果所检测压缩机房的一氧化氮和二氧化氮含量的扩展不确定度分别为0.010mg/m3和0.008 mg/m3,结果完整表示为CNO(0.116~0.117)±0.010 mg/m3和CNO2(0.098~0.100)±0.008 mg/m3。结论氮氧化物含量检测过程中,样品采集和检测过程中均存在不确定度,其中标准序列配制引入的不确定度分量最大。     

HPLC-MS/MS法同时测定人血浆中伏立康唑及其氮氧化代谢物浓度

目的：建立快速测定人血浆中伏立康唑及其主要代谢物伏立康唑-N-氮氧化物浓度的HPLC-MS/MS方法,用于人体药代动力学研究。方法：以伏立康唑和伏立康唑-N-氮氧化物的D3同位素为内标,血浆样品经蛋白沉淀后,用Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq色谱柱（2.1 mm × 50 mm,1.8 μm）和API 4000质谱仪进行正离子模式电喷雾离子化分析。流速为0.6 mL·min-1,以甲醇为有机相,0.1%甲酸为水相,按一定程序进行梯度洗脱。结果：伏立康唑和伏立康唑-N-氮氧化物在10.00 ~ 8000 ng·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,该方法的特异性、批内/批间精密度、准确度、介质效应、提取回收率、稳定性和稀释可靠性符合相关要求。结论：建立了一种准确、简便、可靠的HPLC-MS/MS分析方法,成功应用于健康中国人静脉注射4 mg·kg-1伏立康唑后的药代动力学研究。