非穿透性小梁切除术治疗开角型青光眼

目的 研究非穿透性小梁切除术治疗开角型青光眼的手术效果。方法 对20例26眼开角型青光眼行非穿透性小梁切除术,术后观察眼压、结膜滤枕及前房反应等情况,随访1～12个月。结果 术后各期平均眼压均低于术前平均眼压,差异有显著性(P<0.05)术。前平均眼压26.26mmHg,术后3个月、6个月、9个月、12个月平均眼压分别为15.47mmHg、16.89mmHg、19.14mmHg、18.50mmHg。16眼结膜形成滤性手术典型滤过泡,10眼结膜疏松无滤过泡形成。26眼均无前房出血,术后前房反应轻。结论 非穿透性小梁切除术能有效地降低开角型青光眼的眼压,术后并发症少,可作为此类青光眼病人手术的选择。     

跟骨及其周围结构的临床解剖学研究

目的：探讨跟骨及其周围结构的解剖学特点及其在跟骨骨折治疗中的意义。方法：30侧干燥跟骨标本分3组分别从冠状面、矢状面和水平面剖开，观察跟骨骨小梁排列。解剖13例26侧成人足部标本，观察跟骨周围的肌腱、血管、神经走行，以及关节囊和韧带的附着。对其中3侧新鲜足标本分别以红黑墨水灌注胫后动脉及腓动脉，观察跟骨及其足部皮肤的血供状况。结果：跟骨骨小梁的分布特点为内、后、上致密，外、前、下稀疏。胫后动脉主要供应跟骨前下部骨质和足底前2／3皮肤，腓动脉主要供应跟骨后上方骨质和足跟底部皮肤，胫前动脉则供应跟骨中央和足背绝大部分皮肤。结论：应根据跟部皮肤的血供选择手术切口。载距突和跟骨结节可作为跟骨骨折内固定的固定点。     

下颌骨的应力迹线与骨小梁构筑的关系

根据下頜光弹的等倾线图,描绘出主应力迹线规迹。在下颌侧位X线照片和去除唇侧及颊侧密质骨板的标本上,观察骨密质和松质的配布,以及骨小梁的排列和方向,试行探讨骨小梁方向与主应力迹线的关系。用光弹法求得的主应力迹线有两个系列:S_1系在下颌体近水平方向,在下颌支近垂直方向分布;S_2系力线与S_1系诸力线呈正交。在标本和X线照片上,主应力迹线规迹不同程度地在骨小梁的排列上有所反映。     

鸡胚心室小梁发育与肌性室间隔的形成

用显微解剖术和扫描电镜方法观察第２０－２９期鸡胚心室小梁的发育及肌性室间隔的形成过程。心脏外部观，原始心室左右部无明显的囊袋样扩张。在原始心室内部，小梁完全形成后即呈出出左右部分的形态差异。小梁在原始心室中线偏右处开始聚集，随后渐融合在一起，形成肌性室间隔。本研究表明，心室小染不仅是一种有规律排列的结构，而且与肌性室间隔的形成有关。     

Developmental and evolutionary significance of the mandibular arch and prechordal/premandibular cranium in vertebrates: revising the heterotopy scenario of gnathostome jaw evolution

The cephalic neural crest produces streams of migrating cells that populate pharyngeal arches and a more rostral, premandibular domain, to give rise to an extensive ectomesenchyme in the embryonic vertebrate head. The crest cells forming the trigeminal stream are the major source of the craniofacial skeleton; however, there is no clear distinction between the mandibular arch and the premandibular domain in this ectomesenchyme. The question regarding the evolution of the gnathostome jaw is, in part, a question about the differentiation of the mandibular arch, the rostralmost component of the pharynx, and in part a question about the developmental fate of the premandibular domain. We address the developmental definition of the mandibular arch in connection with the developmental origin of the trabeculae, paired cartilaginous elements generally believed to develop in the premandibular domain, and also of enigmatic cartilaginous elements called polar cartilages. Based on comparative embryology, we propose that the mandibular arch ectomesenchyme in gnathostomes can be defined as a Dlx1-positive domain, and that the polar cartilages, which develop from the Dlx1-negative premandibular ectomesenchyme, would represent merely posterior parts of the trabeculae. We also show, in the lamprey embryo, early migration of mandibular arch mesenchyme into the premandibular domain, and propose an updated version of the heterotopy theory on the origin of the jaw.     

下肢力线与膝关节软骨下骨板杆结构和软骨退变的关系

目的利用骨小梁分割技术(individual trabecula segmentation,ITS)和组织学方法分析膝关节骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)的胫骨平台骨软骨标本,研究下肢力线与软骨下小梁骨显微结构以及软骨退变的关系。方法接受全膝关节置换术病人术前进行下肢全长X线平片拍摄,进行髋-膝-踝(hip-knee-ankle,HKA)角测量。收集术中切除的胫骨平台标本进行显微CT扫描,利用ITS分析软骨下骨小梁结构。通过组织学方法评价软骨退变。对下肢力线与软骨下骨显微结构参数改变和软骨退变进行相关性分析。结果胫骨平台软骨下骨小梁体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小板(pBV/TV)体积分数、骨小杆体积分数(rBV/TV)及轴向骨小梁体积分数(aBV/TV)、骨小板及骨小杆体积比值(P/R)、骨小板数量(pTb. N)、骨小板厚度(pTb. Th)、骨小板表面积(pTb. S)、骨小杆长度(rTb. L)、骨小板-骨小板连接密度(P-P Junc. D)、骨小板-骨小杆连接密度(P-R Junc. D)与软骨退变程度和下肢力线角度显著相关。HKA角度绝对值越大,受累侧胫骨平台软骨下骨小板增厚,骨小板数量增加,骨小板-骨小板以及骨小板-骨小杆的连接性越强,同时软骨退变OARSI评分也越高。结论下肢力线异常可能通过改变膝关节正常的应力分布而导致胫骨平台软骨下骨小梁显微结构异常,尤其是骨小板和轴向骨小梁的显著增多和增厚可能是进一步加重被覆软骨退变、导致OA进展的危险因素。因此,通过改变力线和调节软骨下骨代谢有望成为早期干预骨关节炎发生和发展的切入点。     

去势大鼠骨质疏松性骨小梁的压缩断裂仿真

文题释义： 原发性骨质疏松症：是一种以骨量降低、骨微结构破坏、骨脆性增加、骨折风险性增大为特征的全身性骨骼系统疾病,其多发于老年人,尤以绝经后妇女多见。 断裂：材料或构件力学性能的基本表征。根据断裂前发生的塑性变形的大小,可把材料的断裂分为脆性断裂和延性断裂两大类。随材料和条件的不同,循环载荷作用下的疲劳断裂、高温下的蠕变断裂以及环境作用下的应力腐蚀断裂,均可表现为脆性断裂和延性断裂。 背景：目前已有相关有限元模型仿真模拟了股骨骨折,并探讨了载荷速率、载荷角度及松质骨在髋部骨折中的影响,但骨小梁的断裂仿真仍缺乏相关研究。 目的：仿真模拟去势大鼠骨质疏松性骨小梁压缩断裂的生物力学过程。 方法：取去势大鼠右侧股骨于Micro-CT扫描股骨远端,获得大鼠股骨感兴趣区域骨微结构参数及三维模型,在Geomagic Studio几何优化后在Hypermesh 14.0前处理,包括体网格划分、设置材料属性参数、边界条件,设置载荷1 200 N,作用时间2 ms,在LS-DYNA软件中进行运算。 结果与结论：①感兴趣区域骨小梁显示空间分布不均;②骨小梁体积小、数量少的部位最先开始出现变形断裂,板状及较大体积的骨小梁最后发生断裂塌陷;③Von-mises应力变化趋势与骨小梁断裂塌陷趋势大致相同;④感兴趣区域骨小梁断裂塌陷过程包括了垂直塌陷和水平扭转,其中水平扭转程度及速率低于垂直塌陷,使得横断面扭转成角大小及成角速率小于冠状面成角;⑤破坏单元的剪切应力增幅及峰值较Von-mises应力小;⑥提示骨小梁断裂塌陷是个复杂的过程,包含了不同平面的变形、成角。 ORCID: 0000-0002-5792-3012(吴宇航) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

显微CT技术对颌骨骨小梁解剖结构的测量及其准确性评价

目的：应用显微CT(micro-CT)测量颌骨解剖结构,探讨micro-CT测量的准确性。方法：将9具尸体的下颌骨标本分为髁状突组（3个标本,骨小梁结构均匀）和下颌骨体部组（5个标本,骨小梁结构不均匀）,图像分析软件建立总共30个有效容(VOI),每组各15个。计算每个像元大小的每个参数的平均值和标准差,并用方差分析判...     

65例骨髓组织病理定量分析

目的：研究骨髓组织病理学定量分析在血液病中的作用。方法：对５９例病患者及６例题 骨髓组织切片进行了造血组织、脂肪组织及骨小梁等病理学定量分析；Ｍａｓｓｏｎ三色染色和Ｇｏｍｏｒｉ网状纤维染色观察。结果：与其他血液病及正常人骨髓相比，再生障碍性贫血病人骨髓的造血组织数及造血面积明显减少，脂肪组织数及脂及组织面积明显增多，骨小梁数及骨小梁面积明显减少。Ｍａｓｓｏｎ胶原纤维在血液病中均有不同程度的阳性，其     

Remodeling of chick embryonic ventricular myoarchitecture under experimentally changed loading conditions

Adult myocardium adapts to changing functional demands by hyper‐ or hypotrophy while the developing heart reacts by hyper‐ or hypoplasia. How embryonic myocardial architecture adjusts to experimentally altered loading is not known. We subjected the chick embryonic hearts to mechanically altered loading to study its influence upon ventricular myoarchitecture. Chick embryonic hearts were subjected to conotruncal banding (increased afterload model), or left atrial ligation or clipping, creating a combined model of increased preload in right ventricle and decreased preload in left ventricle. Modifications of myocardial architecture were studied by scanning electron microscopy and histology with morphometry. In the conotruncal banded group, there was a mild to moderate ventricular dilatation, thickening of the compact myocardium and trabeculae, and spiraling of trabecular course in the left ventricle. Right atrioventricular valve morphology was altered from normal muscular flap towards a bicuspid structure. Left atrial ligation or clipping resulted in hypoplasia of the left heart structures with compensatory overdevelopment on the right side. Hypoplastic left ventricle had decreased myocardial volume and showed accelerated trabecular compaction. Increased volume load in the right ventricle was compensated primarily by chamber dilatation with altered trabecular pattern, and by trabecular proliferation and thickening of the compact myocardium at the later stages. A ventricular septal defect was noted in all conotruncal banded, and 25% of left atrial ligated hearts. Increasing pressure load is a main stimulus for embryonic myocardial growth, while increased volume load is compensated primarily by dilatation. Adequate loading is important for normal cardiac morphogenesis and the development of typical myocardial patterns. Anat Rec 254:238–252, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.