SURGERY OF PERIURETERIC OBSTRUCTION IN 101 CHILDREN OVER ONE YEAR OF AGE

One hundred and one children over 1 year of age have had surgery for pelviureteric obstruction over an 11 year period. The common clinical features were abdominal pain, urinary infection or haematuria, but number presented as an incidental finding. Less commonly, the patients presented with an abdominal mass or with hypertension. The diagnosis was usually made on intravenous pyelography (IVP) but in the latter part of the series, renal nuclide scan (RNS) and ultrasonography (US) were preferred. Ninety–three patients had unilateral pyeloplasty, three had bilateral pyeloplasty and five had nephrectomy or heminephrectomy. Whereas initially nephrostomy drainage was used in the majority of patients after pyeloplasty, trend away from nephrostomy evolved in the latter part of the series. With experience, the incidence of postoperative complications was also reduced and there was reduction in the period of hospitalization. Clinical results were consistently satisfactory. Postoperative assessment after pyeloplasty was made by IVP and/or RNS and also US. A review of these investigations showed that RNS provided more factual information of the result when compared with the IVP.     

VESICO-URETERIC REFLUX AND SURGICALLY TREATED PELVI-URETERIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION IN INFANTS UNDER THE AGE OF 12 MONTHS

Background : Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction has been increasingly diagnosed in infants, mostly as a consequence of antenatal ultrasound examinations. Methods : Of 55 infants below the age of 12 months who underwent dismembered pyeloplasty over a 7-year period, we aimed to determine the patterns and outcome of associated vesico-ureteric reflux that was present in 15 (28%) of the 53 infants in whom follow-up was available. Results : A total of eight infants had resolution of their reflux with conservative management and the median time to resolution was 15 months. Five infants proceeded to ureteroneocystotomy. Conclusions : Given the association of vesico-ureteric reflux and pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction, routine cystography is recommended when the diagnosis of pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction is made.     

Analysis of a large single‐center experience with robot‐assisted pyeloplasty

Objectives: To report a single‐center experience with robot‐assisted pyeloplasty. Methods: Medical records of 100 consecutive robot‐assisted pyeloplasty cases carried out between May 2004 and August 2010 were retrospectively reviewed, and major perioperative parameters were recorded. Patients underwent functional (renal scan) and/or anatomical (ultrasound or computerized tomoghraphy) imaging at 6 months. Results: The mean patient age was 39.8 years. A total of 12 patients underwent prior attempts at repair. Ureteral stents were placed in all patients except one, and closed‐suction drains were placed in 59 patients. There were two intraoperative complications and two postoperative complications requiring surgical intervention. One patient with a complex prior surgical history developed a urine leak that was managed with prolonged drainage. A total of 42 patients were discharged on postoperative day 1, and 44 were discharged on postoperative day 2. Mean length of follow up was 22.8 months. The operative success rate was 96%. Conclusions: The majority of patients undergoing robot‐assisted pyeloplasty can expect a short hospitalization with minimal morbidity. The operative success rate is high, even in patients with prior attempts at repair. Complication rates including urine leaks are quite low, and routine placement of a closed‐suction drain is likely to be unnecessary.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的临床应用及研究进展

肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻是尿路梗阻中最常见的先天性畸形, 常常导致小儿肾积水。近年来, 达芬奇机器人手术系统的运用逐步成为热点, 具有操作灵活、手术精准度高等优势, 保证了手术的安全性、准确性以及疗效, 从而在小儿泌尿外科中的应用日渐广泛。本文就运用机器人辅助腹腔镜治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的临床应用及研究进展进行综述。     

两种手术治疗肾盂输尿管交界部梗阻的临床疗效及安全性比较

目的比较后腹腔镜与开放离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管交界部梗阻的有效性及安全性。方法选择该科2003年6月至2013年9月收治肾盂输尿管交界部梗阻患者76例,对其中33例行后腹腔镜下离断式肾盂成形术,43例行开放离断式肾盂成形术,对比分析两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、手术成功率及并发症发生率等。结果后腹腔镜组手术时间明显长与开放手术组(P0.05),而在术中出血量、术后住院时间均优于开放手术组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组手术成功率及并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后随访6~27个月,B超提示所有患者肾积水均明显减轻或消失。结论后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术安全有效,并具有创伤小、出血少、并发症少、恢复快等优点,可逐渐取代开放式手术。     

后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术的改良及应用效果

目的：探讨后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术中输尿管吻合及双J管置人方法的改良及应用效果。方法：2010年6月～2013年1月,对32例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻（ureteropelvicjunctionobstruction,UPJO）患者实施后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术,吻合方法采取两针固定连续缝合法,双J管放置采取Trocar外推置法。观察手术时间、吻合时间、置双J管时间、住院时间、并发症发生率、引流管放置时间等,总结手术技巧,并与前期18例采用间断缝合和双J管经Trocar内放置的后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术进行比较。结果：两组手术均获成功。改良手术组和对照组平均手术时间分别为（78．2±16．3）min、（114．7±17．5）min（P〈0．05）,输尿管吻合时间分别为（24．2±4．9）min、（49．4±7．5）min（P〈0．05）,双J管置入时间分别为（3．6±1．0）min、（9．1±2．2）min（P〈0．05）,两组引流管放置时间、住院时间和并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。改良手术组随访3～30个月,平均9．2个月,B超提示肾积水消失11例,肾积水不同程度减轻21例。结论：后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术中采取两针固定连续缝合法吻合,可以降低输尿管吻合难度,缩短手术时间;经Trocar外推置法放入双J管,简便快速。     

经腹腹腔镜联合肾镜治疗马蹄肾UPJO并肾结石1例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨经腹腹腔镜肾盂成形术联合肾镜碎石取石术一期治疗马蹄肾肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄(UPJO)合并肾结石的可行性和临床疗效。方法:2013年5月,我院采用经腹腹腔镜肾盂成形术联合肾镜碎石取石术一期治疗马蹄肾UPJO合并肾结石患者1例。具体方法是采用经腹腔入路,在腹腔镜下先分离出肾盂并切开,然后使肾镜通过腹腔镜穿刺通道进入肾盂肾盏行碎石取石术,再在腹腔镜下行离断式肾盂成形术。结果:手术过程顺利,手术时间180min。术后21小时肛门排气,5天后拔除腹腔引流管,10天后出院。术后3个月随访,肾盂输尿管连接部通畅,未发现明显结石残留。结论:经腹腹腔镜肾盂成形术联合肾镜碎石取石术一期治疗马蹄肾UPJO并肾结石安全、有效。