刺五加对环磷酰胺所致小鼠微核率影响的研究

目的　研究刺五加对环磷酰胺所致小鼠微核率的影响 ,以探讨其对突变的拮抗作用。方法　 6 0只小鼠随机分为 6组 ,连续用刺五加或蒸馏水灌胃 17d ,并在第 13d一次性腹腔注射环磷酰胺 ,之后连续用尾血涂片 5次 ,荧光显微镜观察计数微核 (MN)。结果　①刺五加无增加微核率作用 ;②环磷酰胺致微核率上升作用明显 ;③刺五加可以降低微核发生率 ,随剂量升高作用更加明显。结论　刺五加有比较明显抗突变作用 ,可开发利用到肿瘤治疗和延缓衰老等方面     

刺五加制剂对老年人恒定负荷下运动耐力的影响

以１３名５０～５７岁志愿者为试验对象，研究了刺五加制剂对人体运动能力的影响。结果表明服用刺五加制剂后，在４５０ｋｇ．ｍ／ｍｉｎ（７５Ｗ）持速恒定功率负荷运动时呼吸商由０．９６下降至０．８８，使运动时脂肪供能增加２７．２％；心率下降８．７％，每博摄氧量增加１６．１８％。结果均提示刺五加制剂能提高人体摄氧能力，节省肌糖元，从而发挥抗疲劳作用     

刺五加组织培养与细胞工程进展

综述了国内外对刺五加组织培养与细胞工程研究的现状。分别从体细胞胚胎发生的影响因素外植体的发育程度和类型、培养基、植物生长调节剂的种类和浓度以及作用特点、体细胞胚胎的形态发生过程与解剖学和人工种子的包埋与萌发;茎尖外植体的离体培养与快速繁殖;根癌农杆菌和发根农杆菌对愈伤组织和新生体胚的遗化转化;毛状根培养生产刺五加次生代谢产物的研究现状进行了评述,并进一步分析了其中存在的问题,提出了一些建议。     

HPLC法测定刺五加中游离异嗪皮啶和总异嗪皮啶的含量

目的建立刺五加含量测定方法。方法 :采用DiamonsilC18柱 ( 2 0 0mm× 4 8mmi d ,5 μm) ,流动相为乙腈 甲醇 水 冰醋酸 (V∶V∶V∶V =1 7∶3∶80∶1 ) ,流速 0 9mL·min-1,检测波长3 44nm。结果异嗪皮啶在 1 2 4～ 49 6mg·L-1内质量浓度与峰面积呈良好线性关系 ,游离型异嗪皮啶和总异嗪皮啶的平均回收率分别为 1 0 0 7% ,98 8% ,RSD分别为 2 5 %和 1 9%。结论本法可作为刺五加质量控制的手段之一。     

刺五加注射液致药物不良反应99例文献分析

目的：了解刺五加注射液不良反应发生的情况并分析相关因素。方法：对国内近10年使用刺五加注射液出现的99例不良反应报道进行分类统计与分析。结果：刺五加注射液所致不良反应与给药剂量、给药途经、给药速度无显著关联，主要集中发生在用药过程中30min以内，且多发生于41～60岁年龄组，女性多于男性。不良反应可累及机体多个器官系统(呼吸系统、心血管系统、消化系统、皮肤、眼结膜等)，临床表现复杂多样，主要表现为变态反应，严重者可出现过敏性休克。结论：刺五加注射液所致变态反应确切机理有待进一步研究，临床医师、药师与护士应重视刺五加注射液的不良反应。     

刺五加叶中金丝桃苷的薄层鉴别和含量测定

目的：以金丝桃苷为指标成分,建立刺五加叶的薄层定性和含量测定的方法。方法：采用薄层色谱法对刺五加叶中金丝桃苷进行定性鉴别,并用高效液相色谱法进行含量测定,色谱柱：Kromasil 100-5C18色谱柱（4.6mm×250mm）;流动相：甲醇-0.1％冰醋酸水溶液(35：65);流速：0.8mL/min;检测波长：360nm;柱温：30℃;进样量：10μL。结果：刺五加叶金丝桃苷的薄层鉴别特征明显,金丝桃苷在0.13～0.78μg范围内具有良好线性关系,r=0.9994,平均回收率为98.17％,RSD为1.02％（n=5）。结论：此方法简便、快速、准确,可用于刺五加叶的质量控制。     

Comparison of the Addition of Siberian Ginseng (Acanthopanax senticosus) Versus Fluoxetine to Lithium for the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder in Adolescents: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common, recurrent, and often life-long major psychiatric condition characterized by manic, depressive, and mixed episodes. Without treatment, there is substantial risk for morbidity and mortality, making BD a considerable public health problem.Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the relative effectiveness and tolerability of Acanthopanax senficosus (A senficosus)—an herb that is derived from eleutherosides and polysaccharides found in the plant''s root— versus fluoxetine added to lithium in the treatment of BD in adolescents.Methods: This was a double-blind, 6-week study. The patients were randomized into 2 treatment groups—A senticosus plus lithium (A senticosus group) and fluoxetine plus lithium (fluoxetine group). The patients underwent a baseline assessment using the 17-Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) during the screening period. Patients were scheduled for clinical visits at the end of weeks 1, 2, 4, and 6. At the end of the 6-week treatment period, each patient''s condition was rated as follows: response (indicating an improvement of ≥50% in the HAMD-17 score from baseline); remission (a HAMD-17 score of ⪯7); and switching to mania (a YMRS score >16, and meeting the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [Fourth Edition, Text Revision] for a manic episode). At each visit (with the exception of the enrollment visit), the patients were queried as to whether they experienced any health problems since the previous visit, a Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale assessment was completed, and the serum lithium concentration was analyzed. The patients were instructed to report adverse events (AEs) at any time during the study. AEs were also observed by the investigator(s) at clinical visits.Results: Seventy-nine Chinese adolescents were initially enrolled into the study. However, 76 adolescents were assessed for inclusion (45 females, 31 males; mean [SD] age, 15.4 [30.0] years; age range, 12–17 years) in the study. All included patients completed the study.After 6 weeks of treatment, the response rate between the A senticosus and the fluoxetine groups was similar (67.6% vs 71.8%, respectively). The remission rate between both groups was also similar (51.4% vs 48.7%). Analyzed by a general line model, the HAMD-17 scores revealed there was a significant time effect (F = 183.06; P < 0.01), but not a significant group effect (F = 0.99) or group-by-duration of treatment interaction (F = 0.779). Three patients in the fluoxetine group experienced switching to mania compared with no patient in the A senticosus group. AEs reported by patients in the A senticosus group were as follows: nausea, 2 (5.4%); rash, 1 (2.7%); and diarrhea, 1 (2.7%). AEs reported by patients in the fluoxetine group were as follows: nausea, 4 (10.3%); anxiety, 3 (7.7%); insomnia, 3 (7.7%); constipation, 1 (2.6%); and tinnitus, 1 (2.6%).Conclusion: Our study found no significant difference in these adolescents with BD treated with lithium plus adjunctive A senticosus or fluoxetine. All treatments were generally well tolerated.Key words: Acanthopanax senticosus, bipolar disorder, adolescent, fluoxetine     

刺五加P450基因的筛选及其表达对皂苷含量的影响

目的筛选和鉴定刺五加Eleutherococcus sentsicosu中的细胞色素P450基因(EsP450),分析其进化特征,探究其与刺五加总皂苷含量的相关性。方法根据转录组测序结果,筛选得到EsP450基因,并对其进行生物信息学分析与适应性进化分析,采用qRT-PCR法检测EsP450基因的表达量,采用分光光度计测定刺五加的总皂苷含量。结果筛选得到了 18条EsP450基因。刺五加P450蛋白不存在跨膜区域,二级结构以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲结构为主。EsP450基因不存在正选择位点。各EsP450间的表达量差异显著,部分基因表达量差值在10倍以上,7条EsP450基因的表达与皂苷含量呈正相关关系(P0.05)。结论鉴定出与刺五加总皂苷含量存在正相关关系的EsP450基因,EsP450基因在进化中受到纯净选择。     

刺五加提取液对慢性疲劳模型大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的调节作用

目的：观察刺五加提取液对慢性疲劳（chronic fatigue,CF）大鼠的行为和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴的影响,探讨其抗疲劳机制。方法：30只大鼠随机分为5组：对照组,CF组,刺五加提取液50、100、200 mg/kg组。除对照组6只大鼠外,其余24只大鼠用跑台训练法建立CF模型。各组大鼠分别灌胃给予生理盐水,生理盐水,刺五加提取液50、100、200 mg/kg,每天给药1次,共21 d。测定各组大鼠给药后力竭时间;放射免疫分析法（RIA）检测促肾上腺皮质激素释放素（CRH）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）和皮质酮的血浓度,实时（real-time）PCR法检测下丘脑促皮质素释放激素受体1（CRHR1）mRNA表达。结果：刺五加提取液100、200 mg/kg大鼠跑台致力竭时间比CF组明显延长（P＜0.01）。CF模型大鼠CRH、ACTH和皮质酮的血浓度显著升高（P＜0.01）,下丘脑CRHR1 mRNA表达上调（P＜0.01）。刺五加提取液50、100、200 mg/kg可部分逆转由CF引起的CRH、ACTH及皮质酮血清浓度升高（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）和CRHR1 mRNA表达的上调（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）。结论：刺五加提取液的抗疲劳作用可能与抑制HPA轴功能亢进,改善CRHR1偶联的信号通路有关。     

均匀设计法优化刺五加中总黄酮的提取工艺

目的：优化刺五加中总黄酮的提取工艺。方法：采用均匀设计方法,通过紫外分光光度法测定了刺五加中的总黄酮的含量。结果：以50%的乙醇浓度、20倍量、提取3次、每次30分钟为最佳提取工艺。结论：试验结果可为刺五加中的总黄酮的提取工艺的确定提供科学依据。