脾脏血管性病变与淋巴瘤CT鉴别诊断

目的 运用CT区分脾脏血管性病变与淋巴瘤。方法 回顾性分析20例经手术、穿刺病理学检查证实的脾脏病变的发病年龄、性别、脾脏指数、病变大小、数目、有无液化、钙化、强化幅度、强化方式等特征,并进行统计学分析。结果 20例脾脏病变中,11例血管性病变(6例海绵状血管瘤,3例窦岸细胞血管瘤,2例硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化),9例淋巴瘤;两组间发病年龄、病变大小、数目、有无液化、钙化等差异无统计学意义;两组间脾脏指数、动脉期强化幅度差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。5例海绵状血管瘤呈不均匀性强化,1例呈渐进性填充式强化,2例窦岸细胞血管瘤呈“雀斑征”,1例硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化呈“辐轮征”;9例淋巴瘤实质部分均呈均匀、轻中度强化。结论 脾脏血管性病变与淋巴瘤CT表现不同,CT有助于明确诊断。     

螺旋CT多时相扫描鉴别诊断肝细胞癌和血管瘤

目的:探讨螺旋CT多时相扫描对肝细胞癌和血管瘤的鉴别诊断。材料和方法:对37例患者(肝癌16例,血管瘤21例)行螺旋CT平扫和增强扫描,分析其表现。结果:37例平扫均发现低密度灶。肝细胞癌在动脉期75%有显著增强,呈高密度,在门静脉期和延迟期则呈低密度;血管瘤54%动脉期有典型增强表现,门静脉期100%有增强,24%全部填充,延迟期91%为高密度或等密度。结论:肝细胞癌和血管瘤在螺旋CT多时相增强扫描中,各有其典型的CT表现,两者鉴别的关键是门静脉期。     

扩大经鼻蝶入路海绵窦的内镜解剖研究

目的通过对扩大经鼻蝶窦入路的内镜解剖学研究,为临床应用提供形态学基础.方法在10具动脉灌注染料的成人尸头上模拟扩大经鼻蝶窦手术入路,测量海绵窦内重要结构与鞍底的距离.结果扩大经鼻蝶手术入路可清晰显示鞍底的骨膜、硬脑膜外层、海绵窦内侧壁,及海绵窦内的颈内动脉及其分支血管、动眼神经、滑车神经、展神经及视神经等结构.结论内镜下行扩大经鼻蝶手术入路可清晰显露海绵窦及其内的解剖结构,适用于鞍内病变侵犯海绵窦的外科治疗.     

Impact of unilateral interposition sural nerve graft on the recovery of sexual function after radical prostatectomy in Japanese men: A preliminary study

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of an interposition nerve graft on sexual function after radical prostatectomy. METHODS: This study includes 64 patients, without hormonal therapy, who underwent a radical prostatectomy and intraoperative electrophysiological confirmation of cavernous nerve preservation. Twelve patients underwent a unilateral interposition sural nerve graft (UNG) for the resected neurovascular bundle. Twenty-one and 31 patients underwent bilateral nerve-sparing (BNS) and unilateral nerve-sparing (UNS) surgery without a nerve graft, respectively. As the age of patients was significantly younger in the UNG group than in the other groups, age-matched analysis also was conducted. Sexual function, evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire using the University of California Los Angeles-Prostate Cancer Index, was compared statistically among the three groups. RESULTS: In the age-matched analysis, the postoperative sexual function (SXF) score of the UNG group showed an intermediate level of recovery between those of the BNS and UNS groups at 12 months and reached the same level as the score at 12 months of the BNS group at 18 months postoperatively. The difference in the SXF score between the UNG and UNS groups began to appear after 6 months postoperatively and increased steadily with time. However, the background factors, such as the baseline SXF score, the usage rate of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, and the rate of comorbidities were different between the UNG and UNS groups. CONCLUSIONS: The difference of the SXF score between the UNG and UNS groups increased with time after 6 months postoperatively. However, it might be difficult at present to attribute a better recovery of the SXF score to the nerve graft because of the difference in the background factors between the groups.     

Venous hemangioma of the mesoappendix: Report of a case and a brief review of the Japanese literature

We present herein the rare case of a 48-year-old man in whom an abdominal mass, revealed by celiotomy to be a solid tumor of the mesoappendix, was histologically diagnosed as having a venous hemangioma. To our knowledge, only 18 cases of mesenteric hemangioma have been reported in Japan, including the present case. However, establishing a correct diagnosis preoperatively is extremely difficult despite advanced imaging techniques. In fact, a mesenteric mass was diagnosed preoperatively in only 3 of these 18 cases. Complete excision with or without bowel resection was performed in 16 cases. Interestingly, the histological diagnosis of all the previous cases was cavernous hemangioma, confirming that this report decuments the first case of venous hemangioma of the mesentery in the Japanese literature.     

生长激素对大鼠海绵体神经移植后再生的影响

目的:研究腓肠神经移植替代损伤的双侧海绵体神经(CN)后,生长激素(GH)对大鼠勃起功能恢复的影响。方法:24只雄性SD大鼠(3~4个月,300~400 g)随机均分为2组:神经移植组(腓肠神经移植替代损伤的双侧CN);GH组(神经移植后皮下注射GH)。2个月及4个月后,CN电刺激检测大鼠阴茎勃起功能,免疫组化SP法检测阴茎海绵体内神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)神经纤维并图像分析计算阳性像素值。结果:2个月后GH组有31.25%CN对电刺激有勃起反应,较神经移植组0%差异有显著性(P<0.05),nNOS阳性神经纤维的像素值在GH组为38 971±7 692,而神经移植组为16 538±3 179,差异同样具有显著性(P<0.05);而4个月后GH组有75%的CN对电刺激有勃起反应,神经移植组43.75%的CN有反应,差异无显著性(P>0.05);nNOS阳性神经纤维的像素值分别为91 348±18 965,79 276±12 021,差异亦无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:GH能促进CN移植后的再生,有利于盆腔根治性手术后勃起功能的恢复。     

自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的介入治疗

目的 探讨自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的诊治方法。方法 9例单纯颈内动脉供血,其中6例采取球囊瘘内闭塞术,3例采用瘘口一同闭塞的颈内动脉闭塞术。11例采用微导管超选择性插管,行瘘的供血动脉及瘘口栓塞。栓塞后7例仍有供血者3例经压颈1个月瘘口消失,2例疗效不满意,患者未再来治疗,2例采取经岩下窦途径和经眼静脉途径。1例单纯由颈内动脉脑膜支供血的行γ刀治疗。结果 13例栓塞后造影瘘口完全闭塞,7例栓塞后造影瘘口有显影,术后采取压迫患侧颈总动脉1个月,半年后3例造影瘘口消失,2例疗效不满意,失去随访,2例经眼静脉、岩下窦栓塞海绵窦取得成功。γ刀治疗1例,症状消失。19例随访6个月未见瘘口再通。结论 介入栓塞是治疗自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘行之有效的方法。     

Clinical impact of CCM mutation detection in familial cavernous angioma

Introduction and background A 3-year-old Bosnian girl with a large symptomatic brainstem and multiple supratentorial cavernous angiomas, who underwent neurosurgical treatment, is presented. As multiple cavernomas are more common in familial cases, genetic analyses and neuroradiological imaging were performed in the patient and her parents to see whether there was any evidence for inheritance. This information is important for genetic counseling and provision of medical care for at-risk relatives. Currently, no recommendation is available on how to manage these cases.Results Genetic analyses demonstrated a novel CCM1 frameshift mutation (c.1683_1684insA; p.V562SfsX6) in the child and the asymptomatic 27-year-old mother. Sensitive gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging of the mother revealed multiple supratentorial lesions, whereas analogous imaging of the father showed no pathological findings.Conclusion This case exemplifies that seemingly sporadic cases with multiple lesions might well be hereditary and that presymptomatic genetic testing of family members may identify relatives for whom clinical and neuroradiological monitoring is indicated.     

复方平阳霉素液治疗口腔颌面部海绵状血管瘤的临床观察

目的观察复方平阳霉素液（PYMco）瘤内注射治疗口腔颌面部海绵状血管瘤的疗效.方法在1999年1月～2004年1月5年间用PYMco瘤腔内注射治疗口腔颌面部海绵状血管瘤61例.每周一次,2～4次为一个疗程.结果经2～6年随访,治愈18例（29.5%）,显效29例（47.5%）,有效12例（19.6%）,无效2例（3.2%）,总有效率96.7%.结论 PYMco治疗口腔颌面部海绵状血管瘤疗效高,疗程短,副反应少,是一种简便安全的有效方法.     

脑内海绵状血管瘤28例临床分析

目的 分析总结了脑内海绵状血管瘤的临床表现、影像学特点及治疗效果。方法 回顾分析10年间收治的经病理证实的28例脑内海绵状血管瘤。结果 本组平均病程为2．6年，头痛、呕吐、癫痫发作、局限性神经功能损害为脑内CA的主要临床表现；病理表现为由窦状扩张的畸形血管构成，其内无脑组织；CT典型表现为脑实质内类圆形或结节状稍高密度或混杂密度灶；MRI T1W以等信号为主，T2W以高信号多见，部分可见瘤周环形低信号，无占位效应，无血管流空效应；DSA多表现为无特征的乏血管病变。治疗以手术切除为主。结论 脑内CA是生长缓慢的良性病变，目前以手术治疗为主，且效果较好。MRI是诊断脑内CA的最敏感的方法。