急性肺栓塞时心肌血流灌注的变化

目的观察急性肺栓塞（APE）后冠状动脉血流量及心脏肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）与肌红蛋白（Mb）含量变化，探讨心肌血流灌注在急性肺栓塞继发心肌损伤机制中的作用。方法通过介入方法经导管注入自体血栓选择性栓塞肺动脉，建立不同栓塞面积的急性肺栓塞动物模型。监测栓前、栓后5、30min，1、2h冠状动脉血流量变化及栓后4h血清cTnT与Mb含量。结果急性肺栓塞后血清cTnT与Mb含量升高。急性肺栓塞导致冠状动脉血流量显著下降，肺血管栓塞后15～30min降至最低值，30min后趋于平稳。右冠血流量下降程度与肺栓塞面积有显著相关性。结论冠状动脉血流量减少及血清心肌结构蛋白含量升高为急性肺栓塞继发心肌缺血改变提供了直接证据。急性心肌缺血严重影响急性肺栓塞的预后。     

Simple method for the identification of oxidative fibers in skeletal muscle

Skeletal muscle is composed of several different types of myofiber: slow oxidative (SO), fast glycolytic oxidative and fast glycolytic. However, the classification is usually determined by myosin heavy chain typing rather than by metabolic index. In this study, the oxidative metabolic index was investigated as a possible method of myofiber typing. Myoglobin, which is involved in oxygen transport and storage in myofibers, and mitochondria, which are the central organelles for oxidative metabolism, were studied. High levels of myoglobin and mitochondria are believed to exist in SO fibers, but the current study showed that they are considerably richer in some fast type fibers. As myofiber typing using the oxidative metabolic index is important physiologically, an attempt was made to find a simple method for this purpose. Some mitochondrial proteins have been observed to auto-fluoresce but until now this effect was too faint to detect easily. Owing to the recent advances in cooling charge-coupled device technology, such auto-fluorescence can now be used for myofiber typing, and the simple and rapid method for doing so is reported here.     

尿激酶溶栓治疗急性心肌梗塞过程中血清肌红蛋白的变化

目的：检测急性心肌梗塞患者尿激酶溶栓治疗过程中血清肌红蛋白（ｍｙｏｇｌｏｂｉｎ, Ｍｂ）的动态变化。方法：应用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测血清Ｍｂ的水平。结果：再灌注组血清Ｍｂ的峰浓度（６１９．５９±１９８．５５ｎｇ／ｍｌ）显著高于未再灌注组（４８７．３１±６０．８７ｎｇ／ｍｌ）,而且再灌注组较未再灌注组血清Ｍｂ达峰时间明显提前（１９２ｍｉｎ对４８０ｍｉｎ,Ｐ＜０．０１）,再灌注组Ｍｂ的２小时出现率（Ｍｂ２／Ｍｂ０）较未再灌注组也显著增高（４．２４对２．１２,Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：血清Ｍｂ值在尿激酶溶栓治疗冠脉再灌注后早期上升、快速达峰,可以作为一种可靠而简便的判断ＡＭＩ再灌注治疗成功与否的指标。     

血清Troponin I, CK-MBmass, Myoglobin在急性心肌梗塞诊断中的应用评价

为了解CTnI,CK-MBmass 和Mb指标对急性心肌梗塞(AMI)早期诊断、后期监测及预后判断的临床意义,采用微粒子化学发光法,对20例AMI患者、24例不稳定心绞痛(UA)患者、17例骨骼肌损伤(SM)患者和19例健康者(对照组)进行血清CTnI,CK-MBmass 和Mb的测定,并对AMI患者胸痛发生3～5小时,8～14小时,20～24小时,72小时和7天共五个时段进行了测定.结果:AMI患者发病早期CTnI,CK-MBmass 和Mb的阳性检出率分别为65%,70%,70%,CTnI在UA患者组和SM患者组中未检出.CTnI,CK-MBmass 和Mb测定值含量在AMI组中明显高于UA组和SM组,AMI患者组CTnI分别是UA组和SM组的84倍和91.63倍,CK-Mbmass分别是该二组的8.82倍和4.67倍, Mb分别是该二组的11.57倍和2.25倍,AMI组与UA组和SM组比较,有显著性差异(P＜0.001).AMI患者组中该三项指标的动态测定显示,在疾病发生早期(3～5小时)时,CTnI,CK-MBmass 和Mb都有显著性升高,随时间延长而逐渐升高,高峰值期均在8～14小时段,72 小时时Mb已基本回到正常.7天时血清中仍有CTnI的持续存在,但CK-MBmass已接近正常.以上显示,CTnI ,CK-MBmass 和Mb在早期诊断AMI时,都具有较高的敏感性,CTnI在AMI患者中的阳性检出率具有心肌特异性.CK-MBmass 和Mb在诊断心肌损伤时也具有较高的临床价值.但CTnI具有最长的窗口时间,在选择用于AMI的后期监护和愈后判断指标时,CTnI应是最佳的首选指标.     

Aortic Valve Replacement Using Local Myocardial Hypothermia

This material comprises 100 cases of aortic valve replacement. Ninety-one of the valves were replaced with the Björk—Shiley tilting disc valve prosthesis and 9 with the Smeloff—Cutter ball valve. No coronary perfusion was used during surgery. The myocardium was protected by local myocardial hypothermia, achieved by an intracoronary infusion of Bretschneider's solution (+4°C) prior to surgery. A weak and flaccid heart without coronary perfusion cannulas facilitated the surgical procedure. Myocardial function was very good and the course of the patients excellent postoperatively. Seven percent of the patients were lost within one month after operation and late mortality was 13%. A comparison between clinical and haemodynamic findings obtained 2–3 months before and one year after surgery was made in 55 patients. A marked subjective improvement was seen in all but five patients. There was a significant increase of average physical working capacity and regression of ECG-signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and strain as well as of roentgenological heart size. Angina pectoris was present in only three patients postoperatively as compared with 23 before surgery. The improvement of physical working capacity was paralleled by a significant increase of cardiac output during exercise, caused by a rise of stroke volume, heart rate on maximal load tolerated remaining unchanged. Blood pressure reactions during work were normalized in patients with both pre-operative aortic stenosis and aortic insufficiency. A significant postoperative paravalvular leakage was rare in the present material.     

3种血清心肌标志物联合检测在急性心肌梗死诊断中的应用

目的：探讨3种血清心肌标志物联合检测在急性心肌梗死诊断中的应用。方法选取急性心肌梗死患者43例作为观察组;选取普通冠心病患者43例作为对照组;选取进行体检的健康体检者的血液样本43例作为空白对照组。对每组成员的Mb、cTcI、CK-MB进行检测、统计学分析及评价。结果观察组患者血清中Mb、cTnI、CK-MB水平均高于对照组及空白对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论血清Mb是急性心肌梗死诊断中具有敏感性、特异性的生化指标,血清中Mb、cTnI、CK-MB的联合检测对于急性心肌梗死的早期诊断及鉴别诊断,具有重要的临床意义。     

心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白在急性心肌梗死早期诊断中的应用

目的　评定脂肪酸结合蛋白 (H FABP)在急性心肌梗死 (AMI)早期诊断中的应用。　方法　采用自行开发的H FABP酶联免疫吸附试验一步夹心法对 12 6名健康体检者和 5 3例AMI患者血清H FABP进行检测 ,同时测定肌红蛋白 (MYO)、肌酸激酶同工酶 (CK MB)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI) ,并对AMI进行动态观察 ,对早期诊断的敏感性、特异性、时效性等进行分析。　结果　H FABP在AMI后 (1 84± 0 6 4 )h血浆浓度即开始升高 ,比CK MB、cTnI早 (P <0 0 1) ;时间浓度动态曲线与MYO相似 ,与CK MB、cTnI相比曲线前移。AMI后 2h的敏感性和特异性分别为 76 4 7%、80 4 1% ;4h的敏感性和特异性分别为 89 16 %、91 2 6 %。　结论　AMI后 2、4hH FABP检测对AMI早期诊断具有较高的敏感性和特异性 ,可望成为重要的早期和排除诊断的血清心肌标志物的手段之一。     

射频消融术前后心肌损害标志物的变化

目的　探讨血清肌酸激酶同工酶 (CK- MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白 I(c Tn I)、肌红蛋白 (Mb)检测 ,对射频消融术 (RF-CA)所致心肌损伤的诊断价值。方法　选择 30例室上性心动过速患者 ,分别于 RFCA前、电生理检查后、术后即刻、术后 1d、2 d采外周静脉血 ,采用美国德普公司自动免疫化学发光分析仪分别测定血清 CK- MB、 c Tn I、Mb。结果　 CK- MB术后 1d较术前增高 (P<0 .0 1) ;c Tn I与术前相比术后 1d、2 d明显增高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;与术前相比术后即刻 Mb明显增高 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　 RFCA所造成心肌损伤属微小心肌损伤 ,可使血清心肌损害标志物有不同程度的升高 ,CK- MB、c Tn I、Mb可用于 RFCA对心肌损伤的监测。     

高敏C反应蛋白、肌红蛋白、心肌肌钙蛋白和肌酸激酶同工酶联合检测在急性心肌梗死诊断中的应用

目的探究高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肌红蛋白(Myo)、心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)和肌酸激酶MB同工酶(CK-MB)联合检测对急性心肌梗死(AMI)诊断中的应用。方法随机选取并回顾性分析2011年6月至2012年66月于我院诊断为急性心肌梗死患者70例及同时期进行体检的健康人群70例。研究组为急性心梗患者,发病均在6h内;对照组为签署知情同意书的体检健康人群。采用化学发光法测定两组研究对象hs-CRP、MYO、cTnT、CK-MB四项指标的阳性率及研究组发病3h、6h、12h、24h内的指标变化。结果观察两组患者高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肌红蛋白(Myo)、心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)检测值,研究组检测值明显高于对照组,差异存在统计学差异(P0.05);hs-CRP最高峰出现在发病后12-24h之间,Myo最高峰出现在发病后6-12h内,cTnT最高峰出现在发病后6-12h,CK-MB最高峰出现在发病后12-24h内。结论 AMI患者血清内Myo、hs-CRP、CK-MB和cTnT值均在AMI发病2h后不同程度的升高,四项联合检测对AMI的诊断中有较大参考价值,可作为AMI发生早期有效实验室指标。     

Estimated contribution of hemoglobin and myoglobin to near infrared spectroscopy

We calculated the light absorbing potential (LAP) of hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb) in mammalian skeletal muscle at rest based on analysis of published chemical and morphometric data (Part 1), interpreted changes in total[Hb + Mb] from NIRS during exercise (Part 2), and estimated the potential contribution of Hb and Mb to changes in NIRS from rest to exercise (Part 3). Part 1: [Hb] in skeletal muscle was estimated from microvascular volume, systemic blood [Hb], and microvascular hematocrit and saturation at rest and during exercise. Part 2: Changes in total[Hb + Mb] (as t[Hb + Mb]) during cycling or knee extension exercise were interpreted using the results of Part 1. Part 3: Using estimates of mean microvascular PO₂, Hb and Mb contribution at peak exercise was estimated. Across several species, [Mb] contributed ∼50–70% of the total LAP to NIRS at rest in skeletal muscle. With exercise, increases in t[Hb + Mb] of up to 30% could be entirely explained by the predicted increase in microvascular hematocrit with exercise. Finally, Mb was estimated to contribute ∼70% of the changes in NIRS from rest to peak exercise.