认知障碍的海马多模态MRI研究进展

认知障碍是一种未达到痴呆程度的疾病,不仅影响患者的日常生活能力,严重者可能发展为痴呆.海马是承载机体认知功能的重要脑区,近年来,MRI技术被广泛地应用于认知障碍患者海马的研究,因此,笔者就认知障碍的海马MRI神经影像的研究现状进行综述,以了解其最新进展.大量研究一致认为海马是认知功能损害的主要受累脑区,尤其海马CA1区,其功能和结构改变可能是认知功能损害的重要神经影像学标志物,相比于结构变化,功能改变对检测认知障碍可能更敏感.     

滋肾育胎丸加减方预防ACA阳性者不良妊娠结局的效果及机制研究＊

目的 探讨滋肾育胎丸加减方预防抗磷脂抗体（ACA）阳性者不良妊娠结局的效果及机制研究。方法 选取2016年2月至2019年2月我院收治的89例ACA阳性，先兆性流产或有习惯性流产（RSA）史患者，将采用西医治疗的40例作为对照组，将采用西医联合滋肾育胎丸加减方治疗的49例作为观察组，比较两组中医证候疗效、中医证候积分、ACA-IgA、ACA-IgM、ACA-IgG、凝血指标［血小板聚集功能（PAF）、活化蛋白C（PC）、抗凝血酶（AT）、纤溶酶原激活抑制物-1（PAI-1）］、Th1/Th2细胞因子［干扰素γ（IFN-γ）、白介素-2（IL-2）、白介素-4（IL-4）、白介素-10（IL-10）］、妊娠结局、安全性。结果 治疗2周后检测ACA，观察组2例未降低，对照组11例未降低，观察组未降低患者占比低于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组总有效率100.00%高于对照组85.00%（P<0.05）；观察组治疗4周、7周后中医证候积分低于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组治疗4周、7周后ACA-IgA、ACA-IgM、ACA-IgG低于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组治疗4周、7周后PAF、PAI-1低于对照组，PC、AT高于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组治疗4周、7周后IFN-γ、IL-2低于对照组，IL-4、IL-10高于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组活产率95.92%高于对照组80.00%（P<0.05）；组间不良反应总发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 动态监测ACA对滋肾育胎丸加减方精准应用具有指导意义，指导滋肾育胎丸加减方通过调理脏腑、气血、经络功能，改善先兆性流产或有RSA史患者临床症状及凝血因子指标，降低ACA水平，并可改善患者免疫耐受功能，提高胎儿活产率，且安全性高。     

Clinical Diagnostic Implications of Body Fluid MiRNA in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

Oral cancer, predominantly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is one of the most leading causes of cancers worldwide. Due to a low 5-year survival rate, highly effective methods for the early detection of OSCC are totally needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as promising biomarkers, can bring insights into tumorigenesis of oral cancers. However, studies on the accuracy of miRNAs detection in OSCC have inconsistent conclusions, leading us to conduct this meta-analysis. The aim of this study was to systematically review the articles investigating the diagnostic value of miRNAs in OSCC.The PubMed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science were searched (updated to June 11th, 2015) to identify all articles evaluating the diagnostic yield of miRNAs for OSCC. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and other diagnostic parameters were used to assess the performance of miRNAs assays on OSCC detection. Statistical analysis was conducted by employing the R software.The present meta-analysis comprised 23 studies from 10 articles, including 598 OSCC patients and 320 healthy individuals, available for analysis. The summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve was plotted. Meanwhile, the pooled diagnostic parameters and the area under curve (AUC) were calculated based on all included studies. The pooled diagnostic parameters calculated from all 23 studies were as follows: pooled sensitivity of 0.759 (95% CI: 0.701–0.809), pooled specificity of 0.773 (95% CI: 0.713–0.823) and AUC of 0.832, which indicates a relatively high diagnostic accuracy of miRNAs in differentiating OSCC patients from healthy controls. Meanwhile, In addition, subgroup analyses were conducted to access the heterogeneity between studies, which is based on specimen (serum/plasma/blood/saliva/ tissue) and ethnicity (Asian/Caucasian).In summary, our meta-analysis suggests that miRNAs might be used in noninvasive screening tests for OSCC, which needs further large-scale studies to be validated.     

化浊清解愈溃煎对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠p38MAPK、TNF-α、IL-4的影响

目的观察化浊清解愈溃煎对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠血清及结肠组织p38MAPK、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)含量的影响。方法清洁级Wistar雄性大鼠50只按随机数字表法分为两组,空白组8只,其余大鼠均为造模组。采用TNBS/乙醇联合造模法构建UC大鼠模型。造模成功后按照随机数字表法将模型大鼠分为模型组、西药组(予美沙拉嗪肠溶片混悬液0.42 g/kg)及中药高、中、低剂量组。中药高、中、低剂量组予化浊清解愈溃煎中药混悬液,剂量分别为22、11、5.5 g/(kg·d),每日灌胃1次,疗程14 d。采用免疫组化法检测各组大鼠结肠组织内p38MAPK的蛋白表达量。ELISA法检测各组大鼠血清内TNF-α、IL-4含量。结果与空白组比较,模型组一般情况较差,血清中TNF-α含量显著升高(P<0.05),IL-4含量则明显降低(P<0.05),结肠组织中p38MAPK水平明显升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,西药组、中药各剂量组大鼠一般生存状况改善明显,血清中TNF-α含量下降,IL-4含量明显升高,尤以中药高剂量组和西药组疗效显著(P<0.05)。结论化浊清解愈溃煎高、中剂量可改善UC大鼠一般生存状况,并通过调节血清中IL-4含量,下调TNF-α表达水平和结肠组织中p38MAPK蛋白表达水平而达到保护结肠黏膜和治疗UC的作用。     

代孕技术中的伦理道德及法律问题

新近发展的代孕技术给众多不孕夫妇带来为人父母的喜悦之时,也对人们传统的生殖伦理观念形成冲击并挑战现存法律制度.人们不仅要肯定代孕技术的合理性,也要警惕其所产生的潜在的破坏性影响.合理利用该技术和制定相应的法规是避免出现伦理和社会混乱的有效途径.     

复合带瓣人工血管替换升主动脉和主动脉瓣(24例报告)

报告２４例升主动脉瘤伴主动脉瓣关闭不全行升主动脉和主动脉瓣替换及冠状动脉开口移植术（Ｂｅｎｔａｌ术２２例，底盘法２例）。１３例伴有升主动脉夹层分离，对其中８例ＤｅＢａｋｅｙＩ型者，以Ｔｅｆｌｏｎ毡条内外加固主动脉切端后吻合。１３例用人工血管周围间隙与右心耳吻合以控制升主动脉吻合之外的出血。３例以人工血管片环包主动脉吻合口控制局部广泛渗血及出血。２例术毕不能脱离体外循环死亡，手术死亡率８３％。随访平均２１８个月，２例死于蛛网膜下腔出血，１例右股动脉栓塞经手术治愈；其余病人康复良好，心功能（ＮＹＨＡ）Ｉ～ＩＩ级。     

急性心肌梗塞患者红细胞磷脂水平测定

本文测定了第１－７天急性心梗塞患者红细胞磷脂主要组分含量。结果表明，急性心肌梗塞患者红细胞膜的神经鞘磷含量较正常人明显增高；磷酯酰胆硷，磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰乙醇胺含量却较正常人明显降低。这说明急性心肌梗塞患者存在红细胞磷脂代谢紊乱，这时心肌缺血的重可能产生不良影响。     

Preoperative Clinic Visits Reduce Operating Room Cancellations and Delays

Background: Anesthesiologist-directed preoperative medicine clinics are used to prepare patients for the administration of anesthesia and surgery. Studies have shown that such a clinic reduces preoperative testing and consults, but few studies have examined the impact of the clinic on the day of surgery. The authors tested whether a visit to an anesthesia preoperative medicine clinic (APMC) would reduce day-of-surgery case cancellations and/or case delays.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of all surgical cases during a 6-month period at the University of Chicago Hospitals. Case cancellations and rates of first-start case delay over the 6-month period were cross-referenced with a database of APMC attendees in both the general operating rooms and the same-day surgery suite. The impact of a clinic visit on case cancellation and delay in both sites were analyzed separately.

Results: A total of 6,524 eligible cases were included. In the same-day surgery suite, 98 of 1,164 (8.4%) APMC-evaluated patients were cancelled, as compared with 366 of 2,252 (16.2%) in the non-APMC group (P < 0.001). In the general operating rooms, 87 of 1,631 (5.3%) APMC-evaluated patients were cancelled, as compared with 192 of 1,477 (13.0%) patients without a clinic visit (P < 0.001). For both operating areas, APMC patients had a significantly earlier room entry time than patients not evaluated in the APMC.     

带膜金属支架治疗食管癌术后胸内吻合口瘘的临床研究

目的探讨镍钛记忆合金带膜内支架在治疗食管癌术后胸内吻合口瘘中的应用价值。方法在X线电视透视下对22例食管癌术后胸内吻合口瘘患者进行镍钛记忆合金带膜内支架植入治疗。结果19例一次植入成功，成功率86％，恢复正常饮食；不完全封堵瘘口3例（14％）；16例术后出现轻度的胸骨后疼痛不适或胃液反流的症状；1例出现上消化道大出血。22例病人均治愈出院，治愈率100％。结论镍钛记忆合金带膜内支架植入治疗食管癌术后胸内吻合口瘘成功率高，治愈率高，操作简单，安全，见效快，并发症少，有效解除患者痛苦，宜在临床上推广使用。