多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-20)的信度和效度研究

目的：评价TAS-20量表的信度和效度。方法：使用TAS-20对112例正常人对照样本和102例精神病人样本进行评定。结果：TAS-20具有良好的心理测量特性，Caronbachα系数在0.581-0.739，TAS-20各分量表的劈半相关系数在0.558-0.803，TAS-20各分量表得分在正常人对照样本和精神病人样本之间存在非常显著性差异。结论：TAS-20量表具有良好的信度和效度，值得推广使用。     

门诊慢性失眠患者躯体化症状自评量表的临床应用

目的评估躯体化症状自评量表(SSS)在综合医院门诊慢性失眠患者中的应用价值。方法采用SSS与焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对373例慢性失眠患者和178例正常人进行测查,分析SSS的信度、效度和可行性。结果 SSS的Cronbach'sα系数为0.87,分半系数为0.83,重测信度为0.87(P<0.01);SSS总分与各因子分的相关系数在0.57~0.86之间,各因子分间的相关系数在0.31~0.68之间(均P<0.01);SSS-SAS、SSS-SDS、SAS-SDS的相关系数分别为0.63、0.60和0.69(均P<0.01)。结论 SSS具有较好的信度和效度,临床上可以应用SSS作为综合医院门诊慢性失眠患者的自评精神障碍筛查工具,尤其适用于伴随躯体症状的患者。     

SF-36在神经症病人中应用的信度及效度研究

目的评价健康状况调查问卷(The Short-Form-36 Health Survey,SF-36)在神经症病人中的信度和效度.方法由专业医生对53例心身科门诊及住院患者评定焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)和SF-36,4周后予以重测.对量表的内部一致性、重测信度及效标关联效度等指标进行分析.结果SF-36的Cronbach's α系数为0.7581,各维度的Cronbachs'α系数较好,重测后各项目的相关系数均在0.284～0.796之间.SF-36各维度分与SAS、SDS总分间.除躯体功能,躯体健康功能导致的角色受限,情感功能所致的角色受限外,均与SAS总分呈明显负相关,除躯体功能、躯体健康功能导致的角色受限,躯体疼痛,情感功能所致的角色受限外,SDS总分呈明显负相关.结论SF-36具有较好的信度和效度,部分分量表能较好反映神经症病人的情绪状态,基本适用于神经症病人生活质量评价.     

康奈尔痴呆抑郁量表中文版的信度检测及临床应用研究

目的：检测康奈尔痴呆抑郁量表中文版（CSDD-CV）的信度，并对AD患者抑郁的相关因素进行研究。方法：对60例阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者及其照料者进行调查，了解患者访视前1周的症状和体征。结果：CSDD-CV的Cronbach’s α系数为0．810，5个因子的Cronbach’s α系数在0．576--0．788。CSDD-CV的平均得分为6．84（0-21）分，CSDD．CV≥8分21例（36．84％）。除第12项外，CSDD-CV各项目与总分的相关系数在0．273-0．782，P均〈0．05。CSDD-CV与NPI总分的相关系数为0．631，P〈0．05，与NPI子项目A妄想、C激越、D抑郁、G情感淡漠、I易激惹、J异常行为及K睡眠均具有显著相关性，P均〈0．05。采用多元线性逐步回归分析发现AD患者出现抑郁的影响因素主要为IADL和NPI。结论：CSDD．CV具有良好的信度和效度，可以用于AD患者抑郁状态的评定，同时AD抑郁状态可能与患者精细的日常生活能力有关，而与认知功能的下降无关。     

Eppendorf精神分裂症量表中文版的信度和效度

目的：研究Eppendorf精神分裂症量表(ESI)中文版的信度和效度。方法：信度评价采用分半信度、内部一致性、重测信度。效度评价采用区分效度、内容效度、平行效度、结构效度。结果：KSI量表和各因子的分半信度为0．8087—0．9738，Cronbach α系数为0．7694—0．9508；1周后重测信度为0．677—0．876。各因子与总分的相关系数在0．815—0．909之间，因子之间的相关小于因子与总分的相关；ESI与阳性症状与阴性症状量表(PANSS)有很好的相关性，因子分析得出4个因子与原作者的因子相关系数在0．747—0．943之间。结论：ESI量表有较好的信度和效度，值得推广和使用。     

自知力量表的信度和效度初步研究

目的：对Markova和Berrios研制的自知力量表作信度、效度检验,进行可靠性研究,方法：初测62例精神分裂症患者获得信度、效度检验结果。对原量表进行修订,修订后量表用于120例精神分裂症患者的测评,核对信度、效度检验结果。结果;原量表经62例精神分裂症患者测评,Cronhach的α系数为0．814、分半信度为0．828、重测信工为0．764。修订后量表经120例精神分裂症患者测评,Cronbach的α系数为0．967、分半信度为0．826、重测信度为0．776。原量表及修订后量表在量表总体和量表的条目组均显著良好效度。结论：该量表具有良好的信度及效度,为进一步实验研究和临床评估中使用提供了量表的测量依据。     

Cornell痴呆抑郁量表的信度和效度检验

目的检测Cornell痴呆抑郁量表的信度和效度.方法对60例痴呆患者进行测试,由四位医生进行联合评定.结果Cornell痴呆抑郁量表具有良好的内部一致性,联合评定ICC=0.87、F=24.59,P＜0.01.与HAMD量表评分相比,相关系数r=0.833,P＜0.01.平行效度好,在判断抑郁程度方面F值为0.01,P＜0.01.结论Cornell痴呆抑郁量表具有良好的我信度和效度,值得在临床推广.     

Cohen-Mansfield激越问卷信度和效度

目的：评价Cohen-Mansfield激越问卷(CMAI)的信度和效度。方法：对51例老年精神科病房住院的痴呆和非痴呆患者，先由2名评定员用CMAI同时评定12名患者，再同时评定CMAI和老年临床评定量表(SCAG)，1周后重测CMAI。对两评定员的一致性，量表的分半相关，重测信度及与SCAG的平行效度进行分析。结果：CMAI的Cronbach’s。系数为0．814，两评定员一致性相关系数为0．731。2次评定量表的相关系数为0．977。量表总分与SCAG的相关系数为0．732。结论：CMAI有较好的信度和效度。     

汉密顿抑郁量表6项版本(HAMD-6)的信度及效度研究

目的检验汉密顿抑郁量表6项版本(HAMD-6)的信度与效度。方法选用汉密顿抑郁量表6项版本(HAMD-6)与24项版本(HAMD-24)对264例住院及门诊抑郁症患者和32名正常对照进行了评定;并对随机抽取的34例住院患者在第1次评定后3天进行第2次评定;由经培训的2名评定员对其中的10名抑郁症患者同时施行量表评定,进行评分者信度研究;将HAMD-6与另3个版本(17项、21项、24项)进行相关分析,进行效度研究。结果HAMD-6的内部一致性系数Cronbachs的α为0.474,条目间的平均相关系数为0.131,34例患者重测HAMD-6的相关系数为0.951(P<0.01),评定员HAMD-6相关系数为0.989(P<0.01);HAMD-6各条目与总分的相关系数r在0.294~0.645之间(P<0.01);患者组同正常对照组HAMD-6总分经t检验,差异具有显著性(P<0.01);264例抑郁症患者HAMD-6总分与另3个版本总分显著相关,r为0.638~0.683(P<0.01)。结论HAMD-6同广泛使用的其他版本一样具有较高的信度与效度,并由于条目简洁,操作方便,易于掌握和节省时间,值得在临床推广使用。     

宾夕法尼亚酒精渴求量表(PACS)的信度及效度研究

目的对宾夕法尼亚酒精渴求量表的信度和效度进行测试。方法选取200例符合ICD-10中酒依赖综合症的诊断标准的患者,进行宾夕法尼亚酒精渴求量表评测,对所获资料进行因素分析和信度及效度检验。结果①Cronbach’sα系数为0．97;分半信度为0．88,表明本量表具有较好的信度。②因素分析显示单一主成分87．82％;与VAS的相容效度0．89;量表总分与各项目分内部相关系数r在0．77—0．92,表明量表具有较好的效度。结论宾夕法尼亚酒精渴求量表具有较好的信度和效度,是一种较好的对酒精渴求度的评测工具,适合我国临床应用。     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Spatial attention and conscious perception: interactions and dissociations between and within endogenous and exogenous processes

A current controversy exists about the relationship between spatial attention and conscious perception. While some authors propose that these phenomena are intimately related (Bartolomeo, 2008, Chun and Marois, 2002, O’Regan and Noë, 2001, Posner, 1994), others report dissociations between them (Kentridge et al., 1999, Koch and Tsuchiya, 2007, Wyart and Tallon-Baudry, 2008). However, spatial attention is not a unitary mechanism, and it is possible that not all forms of attention dissociate from conscious perception. In the present study we used a paradigm in which endogenous and exogenous forms of attention are orthogonally manipulated in order to investigate their relation with conscious perception within the same design. By analyzing two different cue-related components, our results demonstrated that while endogenous attention was electrophysiologically dissociated from conscious perception, exogenous attention was not, consistent with the hypothesis that exogenous attention is an important antecedent of our conscious experience. Our results support previous claims of dissociations between some forms of spatial attention and conscious perception, but also highlight the importance of exogenous orienting on the selection of information for conscious access.     

Serious emotional and behavioral problems and mental health contacts in American and British children and adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To compare prevalence of serious emotional and behavioral problems and mental health contacts for these problems among American and British children and adolescents. METHOD: Data on children and adolescents ages 5 to 16 years were drawn from the 2004 U.S. National Health Interview Survey (response rate = 79.4%) and the 2004 survey of Mental Health of Children and Young People in Great Britain (response rate = 76.0%). Emotional problems, hyperactivity/inattention, and conduct problems were assessed using the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Psychometric properties of SDQ scales were compared across countries. RESULTS: The SDQ has similar psychometric properties across countries. More British than American children met the criteria for emotional and conduct problems, but not hyperactivity/inattention. Prevalence was higher for all problems in 5- to 8-year-old British boys and for emotional problems in 13- to 16-year-old British girls. American children with serious emotional and behavioral problems had a higher prevalence of mental health contacts overall and with mental health providers but not with general medical providers. CONCLUSIONS: British children have a higher prevalence of parent-reported serious emotional and behavioral problems than American children. However, British children with these problems are less likely than American children to receive mental health care.