2型糖尿病合并认知功能障碍患者的脑白质结构变化的影像学特征分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并认知功能障碍(T2DM-CI)患者的脑白质结构变化特征。方法纳入33例T2DM-CI患者(T2DM-CI组)、35例T2DM无合并认知功能障碍患者(T2DM-nonCI组)及43例无DM和认知功能障碍者为对照组。应用MR DTI序列检查,利用图集分割的方法计算脑白质20条纤维束弥散参数,比较组间差异,并与认知功能进行相关性分析。结果 3组受试者脑白质纤维束FA值呈下降趋势,MD值呈上升趋势。T2DM-CI组与T2DMnon CI组比较,双侧皮质脊髓束、右侧扣带束海马、胼胝体体部、胼胝体压部、右侧下额枕束、右侧下纵束的FA值差异有显著性(均P 0. 05/20条纤维束)。其中,胼胝体压部、右侧下纵束与语言功能显著相关;双侧皮质脊髓束,胼胝体压部与处理速度差异有显著性(均P 0. 05)。双侧皮质脊髓束、胼胝体压部、双侧下额枕束,双侧上纵束的MD值差异有显著性(均P 0. 05/20条纤维束)。其中,右侧下额枕束、右侧上纵束与语言功能差异有显著性(均P 0. 05)。结论T2DM-CI患者脑白质结构完整性受到破坏,其中胼胝体压部、下纵束、下额枕束、上纵束损伤可能与T2DM-CI患者语言功能受损相关,皮质脊髓束、胼胝体压部损伤可能与处理速度受损相关。     

创伤性脑损伤患者行早期高压氧治疗对认知功能障碍的影响及神经作用机制

目的探讨早期高压氧治疗创伤性脑损伤(TBI)存在认知功能障碍的临床效果,并分析其神经作用机制。方法采用分层抽样法将菏泽市立医院2017-03—2019-01收治的78例TBI患者分为2组进行研究。对照组39例予以认知康复训练和常规基础治疗,研究组39例联合使用高压氧治疗。2组治疗2个疗程后采用蒙特利尔认知功能评估量表(MoCA)和简易智能精神状态量表(MMSE)评估患者的认知功能,对比观察2组治疗效果。同时分别从对照组和研究组中各抽取16例患者,于治疗前后分别实施扩散张量成像(DTI)技术分析患者的神经作用机制。结果 2组治疗前MoCA量表评分和MMSE量表评分比较无明显区别(t=0.130、0.252,P>0.05),治疗后研究组MoCA量表评分(22.64±3.18)分及MMSE量表评分(23.12±2.11)分与对照组(19.42±3.57)分和(20.19±4.41)分比较有显著性差异(t=4.206、3.743,P<0.05);2组胼胝体膝部、压部和体部、左侧和右侧内囊前肢、左前侧和右前侧放射冠以及左侧上纵束在内的8个脑白质区域内的FA值存在显著差异(t=4.810、4.416、4.099、4.674、4.217、5.521、6.018、5.152,P<0.05);但在左侧外囊和外侧外囊两个脑白质区域内的FA值无明显区别(t=0.291、0.245,P>0.05),对照组有明显差异的FA值与MoCA量表和MMSE量表评分相关性并不明显,研究组胼胝体、双侧内囊前肢和左侧上纵束的FA值与MoCA量表和MMSE量表评分呈正相关性(P<0.05),双侧放射冠的FA值虽然与两个量表评分之间存在微弱的相关性,但两者的相关性无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在常规认知功能训练的基础上联合使用早期高压氧治疗,可通过对大脑胼胝体、双侧内囊前肢和左侧上纵束等脑白质区结构和功能的调节,改善TBI患者的认知功能。     

磁共振扩散张量成像在缺血缺氧脑病患儿中的临床应用

目的探讨磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)在缺血缺氧脑病患儿中的应用价值。方法前瞻性纳入2016-12—2018-12于河南中医药大学第一附属医院行MRI头颅平扫及DTI检查的年龄2岁患儿40例,所有患儿在围生期均有缺氧缺血脑病史,根据最终随访结果分为脑瘫组及非脑瘫组各20例。测量双侧大脑脚、内囊前肢、内囊膝部、内囊后肢、半卵圆中心、皮质脊髓束、下纵束、丘脑后辐射、额叶白质、顶叶白质、胼胝体膝部、胼胝体体部及胼胝体压部的FA值。结果 2组间双侧大脑脚、内囊后肢、半卵圆中心、皮质脊髓束、下纵束、丘脑后辐射、顶叶白质、胼胝体膝部、胼胝体体部、胼胝体压部FA值差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而双侧内囊前肢、内囊膝部、额叶白质FA值差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 DTI可以定量评估缺血缺氧脑病患儿的损伤程度,有助于早期评估病情及预测预后。     

有先兆偏头痛患者发作间期的静息态功能磁共振变化

目的采用静息态功能磁共振成像技术探讨有先兆偏头痛患者的自发神经元活动,分析其脑功能网络的变化,以便更好地认识有先兆偏头痛的发病机制。方法对7例发作间期有先兆偏头痛患者和7例年龄、性别及受教育程度相匹配的健康对照行静息态功能磁共振成像扫描,分析原始数据,得出全脑低频振幅(ALFF),进行双样本t检验,并以ALFF差异脑区为感兴趣区(ROI)校正后行功能连接(FC)分析,比较两组之间影像学表现的差异。结果病例组双侧额上回、左侧眶额皮质低频振幅值显著高于对照组(t=2.18~5.12,P0.05)。病例组左侧颞中回、左侧颞下回、左侧尾状核、双侧丘脑、右侧运动前区低频振幅ALFF值显著低于对照组(t=-5.12~-2.18,P0.05);与对照组相比,病例组右侧眶额皮质、左侧额中回、双侧前扣带皮质、右侧缘上回与左侧额上回功能连接增强,病例组左侧小脑、右侧脑岛、脑干与左侧额上回之间的功能连接减弱。结论有先兆偏头痛患者头痛发作间期疼痛处理相关脑区功能异常,支持偏头痛并非单纯的发作性疾病。     

皮质下缺血性血管性痴呆患者大脑联络纤维弥散张量成像研究

目的应用磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)技术,研究皮质下缺血性血管性痴呆(SIVD)患者脑白质联络纤维变化的特点,以探讨弥散张量成像在诊断SIVD患者中的诊断价值。方法对60例SIVD患者和45例年龄匹配的非痴呆对照者,应用简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知测评量表(Mo CA)及临床痴呆量表(CDR)进行认知功能评估;用全脑磁共振DTI技术,测量上纵束、下额枕束(额部、额颞部和颞部)、胼胝体膝部和压部和扣带束多个感兴趣区的各向异性分数(FA)值和表观弥散系数(ADC)值。结果与对照组比较,SIVD组双侧下额枕束、双侧扣带束、左侧上额枕束和胼胝体膝部FA值明显下降,ADC值明显升高,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),右侧上额枕束和胼胝体压部的FA值和ADC值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 SIVD患者多个感兴趣区的DTI改变证明联络纤维损伤明显;全脑DTI研究是SIVD患者敏感可靠的技术方法,有助于理解SIVD患者的认知功能与联络纤维损害的关系。     

青少年广泛性焦虑障碍患者静息态功能磁共振成像研究

目的:运用局部一致性(ReHo)方法研究首发青少年广泛性焦虑障碍患者的局部自发性脑活动. 方法:对19例首发青少年广泛性焦虑障碍患者及14名年龄、性别与其相匹配的正常对照进行静息态脑功能磁共振成像扫描,通过计算每个给定体素与其最邻近的26个体素之间的肯德尔和谐系数(KCC)来获得全脑的局部一致性(ReHo)图,利用双样本t检验分析两组受试者静息态下局部一致性的差异. 结果:与正常对照相比,青少年广泛性焦虑障碍患者局部一致性降低的脑区包括双侧额中回、枕中回,左侧额上回、颞下回、前扣带回及右侧顶下回、枕下回(P ＜0.005,未校正);局部一致性增高的脑区包括:右侧楔前叶、角回及左侧枕上回(P ＜0.005,未校正). 结论:青少年广泛性焦虑障碍患者静息态脑功能局部一致性存在异常.     

偏头痛与静息态脑功能连接研究

目的本文研究采用静息态功能磁共振成像(rfMRI)技术描述偏头痛患者静息态脑功能连接改变,为探索偏头痛的发病机制提供影像学资料。方法收集16例偏头痛患者与16例健康对照,采集rfMRI成像,计算低频振幅,找出感兴趣区做功能连接进行统计分析。结果偏头痛患者左侧岛叶、左侧额下回低频振幅显著低于对照组,右侧视觉皮质低频振幅显著高于对照组;以左侧额下回、右侧枕中回为感兴趣区,发现左侧额下回与脑干之间的功能连接增强,与双侧枕叶之间的功能连接减弱;右侧枕中回与双侧楔前叶延伸至扣带回中部区域之间的功能连接增强,与双侧中央前回、双侧缘上回、双侧颞上回及双侧额下回之间的功能连接减弱。结论偏头痛患者无头痛发作时神经元活动强度改变,大脑功能连接异常,这导致大脑整合信息过程改变,并与偏头痛发病相关。     

药物过度使用性头痛患者脑白质结构的变化

目的利用磁共振弥散张量成像技术研究药物过度使用性头痛患者脑白质结构的变化。方法药物过度使用性头痛患者(病例组)及年龄、性别相匹配的同期健康体检者(对照组)各80例,收集一般临床资料,进行颅脑磁共振弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)检查,测取部分各向异性(fractional anisotropy,FA)值、表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值,并结合临床特点进行相关性分析。结果 (1)病例组眶额皮质、前后扣带回皮质、胼胝体压部、右侧内囊前肢FA值较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)病例组右侧眶额皮质、左侧额下回皮质及前扣带回皮质ADC值较对照组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)病例组双侧眶额部皮质以及右侧内囊后肢FA值与患者头痛病程及发作频率呈负相关;左侧内囊后肢FA值与头痛频率呈负相关;(4)病例组左侧眶额皮质ADC值与患者头痛病程及发作频率呈正相关;右侧眶额皮质以及前扣带回皮质ADC值与患者头痛发作频率呈正相关;后扣带回皮质ADC值与患者头痛病程呈正相关。结论药物过度使用性头痛患者双侧额叶皮质及扣带回皮质存在白质微观结构异常变化,FA值与患者头痛病程及发作频率呈负相关,ADC值则呈正相关。     

创伤后应激障碍患者扣带束及胼胝体纤维束FA值的初步研究

目的探讨创伤后应激障碍患者(PTSD)是否存在连合纤维束胼胝体及联络纤维扣带纤维束的超微结构异常。方法1.5T的MR成像仪下对12例PTSD患者及12名正常对照进行磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI),测量受试者胼胝体膝部、体部、压部、及双侧扣带水平部、后部等感兴趣区内主要白质纤维束的各向异性分数(FA)值,并进行组间比较。结果患者组双侧(左侧、右侧)扣带束水平部、胼胝体压部的FA值较对照组明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t分别为3.26、-4.13、2.84,P均小于0.05)。结论PTSD患者的边缘系统纤维束可能存在结构异常。     

精神分裂症患者全脑白质纤维弥散张量成像的初步研究

目的运用能够提示白质纤维(white matter,WM)完整性的弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)技术,探讨精神分裂症患者全脑白质纤维是否受到损害。方法对21例精神分裂症患者(患者组)和21名健康人(对照组)进行全脑DTI扫描,用SPM2(Statistical Parametric Maps,SPM)软件对图像进行处理,采用以像素为基础的分析方法(voxel-based analysis,VBA)对两组的分数各向异性(fractional anisotropy,FA)值进行组间比较。结果患者组下列脑区的FA值显著低于对照组(P<0·001):左侧额眶区和右侧额中回的白质、双侧颞下回白质、双侧顶叶内侧白质、右侧前扣带、双侧海马、双侧大脑脚、双侧岛叶、右侧放射冠和右侧小脑上脚。结论精神分裂症多个部位脑白质纤维的完整性受到破坏。     

Altered white matter microstructure identified with tract-based spatial statistics in irritable bowel syndrome: a diffusion tensor imaging study

The neural mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) are far from being completely understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate potential white matter (WM) microstructural changes and underlying causes for WM impairment in IBS using diffusion tensor imaging. The present prospective study involved 19 patients with IBS and 20 healthy controls. Whole-brain voxel-wise analyses of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were performed by tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to localize abnormal WM regions between the 2 groups. We found that IBS patients had significantly reduced FA (P < 0.05) in the splenium of the corpus callosum, the right retrolenticular area of the internal capsule and the right superior corona radiata. We also found increased MD (P < 0.05) in the splenium and body of the corpus callosum, the right retrolenticular area of the internal capsule, the right superior corona radiata and the right posterior limb of the internal capsule. In addition, IBS patients had significantly increased AD (P < 0.05) in the splenium of the corpus callosum, the bilateral retrolenticular area of the internal capsule and the left posterior limb of the internal capsule. We conclude that the WM microstructure is changed in IBS and the underlying pathological basis may be attributed to the axonal injury and loss. These results may lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of IBS.     

Right-to-left shunt may be prone to affect the white matter integrity of posterior circulation in migraine without aura

Numerous studies have indicated an association between migraine and right-to-left shunt. However, little is known about whether right-to-left shunt has an effect on the migraine brain. This observational study aims to explore the impact of right-to-left shunt on the brain of migraine without aura on microstructural level. Thirty-five patients with migraine without aura were enrolled in this study. Contrast-enhanced Transcranial Doppler was performed to evaluate the status of right-to-left shunt. Three-dimensional T1-weighted and diffusion tensor images were acquired for data analysis. We employed voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistical analyses to assess the differences of gray and white matter between migraineurs with and without right-to-left shunt, respectively. Among the 35 patients, 19 (54.3%) patients had right-to-left shunt. There were no significant differences in headache features between migraineurs with and without right-to-left shunt. There were significant increases of mean and radial diffusivity in migraineurs with right-to-left shunt compared with migraineurs without right-to-left shunt. The alterations were primarily located in the right posterior thalamic radiation, secondly in the body of corpus callosum and the right superior corona radiata. No significant differences were observed in values of fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity. No significant between-group differences were found in gray matter volume. Right-to-left shunt may cause alterations of white matter integrity in migraine without aura, and the alterations are more likely to be located at the posterior circulation.     

Two cases of brain infarction associated with hypertriglyceridemia

We reported two cases of brain infarction. They were cousins. Case 1 was a 12-year-old girl, who complained of aphasia, dyscalculia, right-left disorientation and right homonymous hemianopsia. CT showed low density areas in left superior and middle temporal gyri. Case 2 was a 15-year-old boy, who had left hemiplegia and hypesthesia to pain, temperature and touch on the left side of the body. CT showed low density areas from the genu of the internal capsule to the corona radiata, and from the posterior portion of putamen to the posterior limb of the internal capsule on the right side. Both cases had hypertriglyceridemia which might be associated with the etiology of infarction.     

内囊后肢梗死患者皮质脊髓束的重组

Several diffusion tensor-imaging studies have demonstrated motor recovery mechanisms in stroke patients with subcortical infarct,including the corona radiata,pons,and medulla.However,studies of motor recovery mechanisms have not been reported in patients with posterior limb infarcts of the internal capsule.The present study reports on a 77-year-old man with complete paralysis of the left extremities at stroke onset.At 6 months after onset,motor function of the left extremities recovered to a nearly normal state.The 3-week diffusion tensor tractography of the affected(right) hemisphere showed that corticospinal tract discontinued below the posterior limb.In contrast,6-month diffusion tensor tractography revealed that the right corticospinal tract originated from the precentral gyrus and descended along the anterior area of the infarcted posterior limb.Motor function of the affected extremities was reorganized into the anterior area of the posterior limb infarct.     

Altered corticomotor‐cerebellar integrity in young ataxia telangiectasia patients

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research in identifying altered brain structure and function in ataxia‐telangiectasia, an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder, is limited. Diffusion‐weighted MRI were obtained from 11 ataxia telangiectasia patients (age range, 7‐22 years; mean, 12 years) and 11 typically developing age‐matched participants (age range, 8‐23 years; mean, 13 years). Gray matter volume alterations in patients were compared with those of healthy controls using voxel‐based morphometry, whereas tract‐based spatial statistics was employed to elucidate white matter microstructure differences between groups. White matter microstructure was probed using quantitative fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity measures. Reduced gray matter volume in both cerebellar hemispheres and in the precentral‐postcentral gyrus in the left cerebral hemisphere was observed in ataxia telangiectasia patients compared with controls (P < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). A significant reduction in fractional anisotropy in the cerebellar hemispheres, anterior/posterior horns of the medulla, cerebral peduncles, and internal capsule white matter, particularly in the left posterior limb of the internal capsule and corona radiata in the left cerebral hemisphere, was observed in patients compared with controls (P < 0.05). Mean diffusivity differences were observed within the left cerebellar hemisphere and the white matter of the superior lobule of the right cerebellar hemisphere (P < 0.05). Cerebellum‐localized gray matter changes are seen in young ataxia telangiectasia patients along with white matter tract degeneration projecting from the cerebellum into corticomotor regions. The lack of cortical involvement may reflect early‐stage white matter motor pathway degeneration within young patients. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society     

Effect of DAOA genetic variation on white matter alteration in corpus callosum in patients with first-episode schizophrenia

D-amino acid oxidase activator (DAOA) gene, which plays a crucial role in the process of glutamatergic transmission and mitochondrial function, is frequently linked with the liability for schizophrenia. We aimed to investigate whether the variation of DAOA rs2391191 is associated with alterations in white matter integrity of first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients; and whether it influences the association between white matter integrity, cognitive function and clinical symptoms of schizophrenia. Forty-six patients with FES and forty-nine healthy controls underwent DTI and were genotyped for DAOA rs2391191. Psychopathological assessments were performed by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Cognitive function was assessed by MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Schizophrenia patients presented lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher radial diffusivity (RD), mainly spreading over the corpus callosum and corona radiata compared with healthy controls. Compared with patients carrying G allele, patients with AA showed lower FA in the body of corpus callosum, and higher RD in the genu of corpus callosum, right superior and anterior corona radiata, and left posterior corona radiata. In patients carrying G allele, FA in body of corpus callosum was positively correlated with working memory, RD in genu of corpus callosum was negatively associated with the speed of processing, working memory, and the composite score of MCCB, while no significant correlations were found in AA homozygotes. In our study, patients with FES presented abnormal white matter integrity in corpus callosum and corona radiata. Furthermore, this abnormality was associated with the genetic variation of DAOA rs2391191, with AA homozygotes showing less white matter integrity in the corpus callosum. Our findings possibly provide further support to the evidence that DAOA regulates the process of glutamatergic neurotransmission and mitochondrial function in the pathophysiological mechanism of schizophrenia.

     

Neuroanatomic differences between dyslexic and normal readers on magnetic resonance imaging scans

The areas of six bilateral brain segments in the right and left hemispheres, on a horizontal brain section, and the area of subdivisions of the corpus callosum, on a midsagittal brain section, were measured on magnetic resonance images obtained from 21 dyslexic and 29 control subjects. In the entire group, the frontal half of the horizontal brain section showed asymmetry, with the right side being larger, whereas posteriorly only the occipital polar segment was asymmetrical, with the left side being larger. Dyslexic subjects exhibited asymmetry, with the right side greater than the left side, in contrast to the relatively symmetrical pattern that is normally observed in the midposterior segment that corresponds to the angular gyrus. In the corpus callosum, dyslexic subjects were found to have a larger splenium than nondyslexic subjects, and dyslexic female subjects were found to have a larger splenium than dyslexic male subjects. Because transcallosal pathways connecting the left and right angular gyrus regions traverse through the splenium of the corpus callosum, the above findings in dyslexic subjects suggest an anatomic abnormality in the angular gyrus region.     

难治性癫痫患者楔前叶功能连接的静息态功能磁共振成像研究

目的应用静息态功能磁共振成像(rs-f MRI)探讨难治性癫痫患者楔前叶与全脑功能连接的改变及其意义。方法对23例难治性癫痫患者(癫痫组)及23名健康人(对照组)进行rs-f MRI检查,采集数据后采用功能连接的方法,分别计算以左侧楔前叶和右侧楔前叶为感兴趣区与全脑的功能连接,运用双样本t检验的统计学方法发现两组的显著性差异并进行分析。结果癫痫组左侧楔前叶与双侧顶下小叶、双侧岛叶、右侧缘上回、右侧额中回和双侧额下回的功能连接较对照组减弱(均P0.05);癫痫组左侧楔前叶与双侧海马旁回、双侧额上回、左侧后扣带回的功能连接较对照组增强(均P0.05)。癫痫组右侧楔前叶与左侧顶下小叶、右侧缘上回、右侧额中回、右侧额下回的功能连接较对照组减弱(均P0.05);癫痫组右侧楔前叶与双侧楔叶、左侧后扣带回的功能连接较对照组增强(均P0.05)。结论难治性癫痫患者静息状态下楔前叶与全脑的功能连接存在异常,"默认网络"功能的抑制可能是癫痫患者意识及认知等功能损害的重要原因。     

Abnormal white matter integrity during pain-free periovulation is associated with pain intensity in primary dysmenorrhea

Neuroimaging studies have preliminarily described brain structural and functional differences that consist of the pain transmission and modulation systems in primary dysmenorrhea (PDM). However, whether PDM subjects have distinctive white matter (WM) alteration during the time when there is no painful menstruation is largely unknown. If that is the case, whether such specific variability is interconnected with the dysmenorrhic symptoms is unclear. In the current study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed on 24 PDM females and 24 healthy control subjects. Optimized tract-based spatial statistics was employed to examine the between group differences in DTI measures including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD). Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to rate the intensity of the abdominal pain at periovulation and menstruation. In our results, PDM had lower FA coupled with higher MD and RD in widespread WM fibers including the splenium part of the corpus callosum, the posterior limb of the internal capsule, the anterior, superior and posterior corona radiata, and the posterior thalamic radiation (P < 0.05, FWE corrected). Further correlation analyses revealed close correlations between these DTI measures and VAS of the menstrual phase when the PDM showed serious abdominal pain. In the current study, we found PDM females had abnormal WM integrity involving pain transmission and modulation systems when they were at periovulation. Additionally, these WM abnormalities may closely associate with the intensity of painful menstruation. These observations complement the brain microstructural investigations for the pathophysiology of PDM.