青少年强迫症与应激等的关系研究

目的：了解青少年强迫症发病与生活事件、应对方式和社会支持的关系.方法：对44例青少年强迫症患者和214名正常对照者进行一般社会人口学资料表、青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）、特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）和领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）的测评.结果：与对照组相比,强迫症组在人际关系、学习压力、受惩罚、健康适应、应激总量的得分上均显著较高（P＜0.05）;强迫症组患者较多采用消极应对方式,较少采取积极应对方式,获得较少社会支持,与正常对照者比较差异非常显著（P＜0.01）.结论：青少年强迫症的发病与负性生活事件、不良应对方式和缺乏社会支持有关.     

躯体形式障碍患者生活事件的研究

目的：探讨生活事件、防御机制和社会支持在躯体形式障碍发病中的作用。方法：对60例躯体形式障碍（患者组）与60名健康者（对照组）采用自制的一般情况调查表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD，17项）、生活事件量表（LES）、防御方式问卷（DSQ）及社会支持评定量表进行对照研究。结果：患者组生活事件的频度及严重度、不成熟防御机制评分显著高于对照组，而社会支持利用度对照组显著高于患者组。结论：躯体形式障碍患者病前经历了更多、更严重的生活事件，多采用不成熟的防御机制，社会支持的利用度不够。     

情感性障碍与生活事件和社会支持的关系

目的 了解生活事件和社会支持与情感性障碍的关系。方法 采用生活事件量表和社会一表作评定工具，地３２例情感性障碍与９６例正常人进行研究。结果 情感性障碍患者负性称独立性生活事件的频度及ＬＥＵ总值均显著高于对照组，而情感性障碍社会支持量表分明显低于对照组，结论 生活事件和社会支持不足与情感性障碍的发病密切相关。     

生活事件对女性抑郁症患者的影响

目的：探讨生活事件,防御机制和社会支持在女性抑郁症发病中的作用.方法：对80例女性抑郁症患者与80名正常女性采用自制的一般情况调查表,汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD,17项）、生活事件量表（LES）、防御方式问卷（DSQ）及社会支持评定量表进行对照研究.结果：患者生活事件的频度和严重度、不成熟防御机制评分显著高于对照组,而社会支持的利用度显著低于对照组.结论：女性抑郁症患者病前经历了更多、更严重的生活事件,多采用不成熟的防御机制,社会支持利用度不够.     

高职贫困生应激生活事件、社会支持与孤独感的关系：SEM建构

目的构建高职贫困生社会支持、应激生活事件与孤独感的关系模型,检验社会支持在结构方程中的中介效应。方法对361名高职贫困生分别采用社会支持量表、青少年社会生活事件问卷和孤独感问卷进行测评,并分析其内在关系,进而构建潜变量间的结构方程模型,并对模型进行最优地修正。结果结构方程分析表明,高职贫困生应激生活事件和社会支持对孤独感有直接作用力,社会支持在应激生活事件对孤独感影响中起到中介作用。结论应激生活事件、社会支持对高职贫困生孤独感的作用得到结构方程的有力支持。     

冠心病患者的心理社会因素量表分析

目的研究冠心病患者社会心理因素的特点及影响。方法运用生活事件量表、A型行为量表、多伦多述情障碍量表、抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、应付方式问卷、社会支持问卷,测定48例冠心病患者及50例正常对照组病前遭遇的生活事件、人格特征、应付方式、社会支持、患病后的心身健康状况及其影响因素。结果病例组本次患病前所经历的生活事件频数及紧张值,A型行为评分,消极应付方式评分,抑郁及焦虑分值均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。积极应付评分,社会支持总分减低(P<0.05和P<0.01)。结论生活事件紧张总值、A型行为和抑郁是冠心病的危险因素,而积极应付方式和社会支持为疾病的保护因子。冠心病患者具有特殊的心理社会特征和心身共病状况,应采取积极的社会心理干预措施。     

消化性溃疡患者社会心理因素研究

目的研究消化性溃疡患者社会心理因素的特点及影响因素。方法运用生活事件量表、A型行为量表、多伦多述情障碍量表、抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表、应付方式问卷、社会支持问卷，测定46例消化性溃疡患者及49例正常对照组病前遭遇的生活事件、人格特征、应付方式、社会支持、患病后的心身健康状况及其影响因素。结果病例组本次患病前所经历的生活事件频数及紧张值，A型行为评分，消极应付方式评分，抑郁及焦虑分值均显著高于对照组。积极应付评分，社会支持总分减低。发现家族史、生活事件紧张总值、A型行为和抑郁为消化性溃疡的危险因素，而积极应付方式和社会支持为疾病的保护因子。结论消化性溃疡患者具有特殊的心翠社会特征和心身健康状况，应采取积极的社会心理干预措施。     

首发青少年抑郁症与应激及应激相关因素的关系研究

目的了解青少年首次抑郁发作与生活事件、应对方式和社会支持的关系。方法对52例首次抑郁发作的青少年患者和214例正常对照者进行一般社会人口学资料表、青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)和领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)的测评。结果与正常对照组相比,抑郁症组在人际关系、学习压力、受惩罚、健康适应、应激总量的得分上均较高,差异非常显著(P＜0．01),抑郁症组的患者较多采用消极的应对方式,较少采取积极应对方式,且有较少的社会支持,差异非常显著(P＜0．01)。结论青少年首次抑郁发作与负性生活事件、不良应对方式和缺乏社会支持有关。     

广泛性焦虑和惊恐发作患者生活事件量表和社会支持量表评定

目的 探讨焦虑症患发病与心理社会因素的关系。方法 应用生活事件量表和社会支持量表对符合CCMD一3诊断标准的30例广泛性焦虑障碍和30例惊恐发作进行评定。结果 发现GAD组和PA组生活事件值及各因子分均显高于正常对照组；负性生活事件GAD组显高于PA组。SSRS评定显示，PA组客观支持分显高于GAD组和正常对照组。结论 广泛性焦虑和惊恐发作发病与心理社会因素有关。     

精神分裂症的发病与生活事件和社会支持的相关性分析

目的 了解生活事件和社会支持与精神分裂症的关系。方法 采用生活事件和社会支持量表作评定工具,对200例精神分裂症与32例心境障碍和200例正常人进行对照研究。结果 精神分裂症患者负性和独立性生活事件的频度及LEU总值均显著高于正常人组,社会支持量表分明显低于正常人组。而与心境障碍组比较无显著差异。结论 生活事件和社会支持不足与精神分裂症的发病密切相关。     

强迫症患者生活质量和社会支持情况调查

目的:了解强迫症患者生活质量与社会支持情况,并分析二者的相关性. 方法:对91例符合DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准的强迫症患者及92名健康对照者实施健康状况问卷(SF-36)与社会支持评定量表(SSRS)评估. 结果:强迫症患者SF-36各维度评分、SSRS总分及各维度评分均低于正常对照人群(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01);社会支持量表总分与躯体疼痛(r=0.276,P=0.009)、情感职能(r=0.234,P=0.028)存在相关;客观支持与情感职能(r=0.242,P=0.021)、躯体疼痛(r=0.257,P=0.015)存在相关;主观支持与躯体疼痛(r =0.220,P=0.037)存在相关. 结论:强迫症患者生活质量和社会支持低于正常人群,其生活质量与社会支持有关联.     

Social factors and psychopathology in epilepsy

One hundred and six epilepsy patients were assessed over a period of 6 months for psychiatric morbidity, social support, stressful life events in previous year and disability. 45 patients (42.45%) had a psychiatric diagnosis. Organic depressive disorder headed the list (16.98%) followed by mild cognitive disorder (11.32%) and tobacco dependence (8.49%). There was no significant difference in the mean age, sex, mean education, age at onset of epilepsy, duration of epilepsy, psychiatric diagnosis, mean scores on social support scale, presumptive stressful life event scale and disability assessment schedule between different types of epilepsy. The difference in mean scores of presumptive stressful life events scale and disability assessment schedule between epileptics with and without psychiatric diagnosis was not statistically significant.     

Validity of the premorbid adjustment scale

Background: The aim of the current study was to test the predictive and concurrent validity of the Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) by comparing it with another similar but more elaborate retrospective measure and with data collected during late adolescence. Methods: We compared PAS late adolescence scores (age 16-18 years) of 91 males with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder with data on behavior collected in adolescence, before the first psychotic episode as part of standardized Draft Board screening, and with the same measure readministered during adulthood and modified to collect the same data again retrospectively. Results: The correlation of the PAS social withdrawal and social relations items with the social behavior scale of the Draft Board were .76 and .80, respectively, for the concurrent ratings and .52 and .53, respectively, for the data collected at age 17 years. The correlation of the PAS school achievements and school adjustment items with the functioning in structured environments scale of the Draft Board were .71 and .72, respectively, for the concurrent ratings and .43 and .47, respectively, for the data collected at age 17 years. Conclusions: Our results support the predictive and concurrent validity of the PAS and the validity of self-reported data on premorbid functioning in persons with schizophrenia.     

Social adjustment and self-esteem in remitted patients with mood disorders.

Mood disorders are characterized by manic and depressive episodes alternating with normal mood. While social function is heavily impaired during episodes of illness, there are conflicting opinions about inter-episode function. The present paper focuses on self-esteem and social adjustment in remitted mood disorders patients. Patients with mood disorders (99 bipolar and 86 major depressive subjects, in remission) were compared with a group of 100 control subjects. The self-esteem scale (SES) and the social adjustment scale (SAS) were used to measure self-esteem and social adjustment, respectively, in both groups of subjects. Patients with mood disorder exhibited worse social adjustment and lower self-esteem than control subjects.These results strongly confirm previous observations of poor inter-episode function in patients with mooddisorder.     

Depressive disorder associated with physical illness. The impact of stroke

The consultation-liaison psychiatrist is confronted time after time with depression in the context of physical illness, and the link between the two is of practical and theoretical interest. In addressing this topic, current classification systems are ambiguous. The advent of research diagnostic criteria and the primary/secondary depression dichotomy have not clarified the problem as was hoped. The conventional view that physical illness only precipitates depression in the genetically predisposed has been challenged by recent studies in patients with stroke. These studies point to a specific role for factors such as lesion location, severity of disability, and social support. In addition, the process of adjustment to serious physical illness can be understood in terms of personal vulnerability including low self-esteem, conflict within close relationships (particularly marital), and negative experiences in the developmental history. Acting on this vulnerability is the stressful life event (e.g., illness) that can have particular force if "matched" to the subjects existing psychologic conflicts. A modifying factor on the outcome of the adjustment is the influence of social support in protecting the individual from the life event. A list of potential factors influencing the occurrence of depression with physical illness is proposed. Variables likely to have an important place include 1) family history of psychiatric disorder, 2) a past personal history of depression, 3) the premorbid personality, 4) the impact of life events including the illness, 5) the degree of disability from the illness, 6) the presence of brain pathology and neuroendocrine abnormalities, and 7) the quality of social support during the time of illness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Quality of life for persons living with schizophrenia: more than just symptoms

Quality of life is an important outcome for persons living with schizophrenia and for the treatment of schizophrenia. However, studies of quality of life among persons living with schizophrenia have focused primarily on the symptoms experienced by the individual. This study sought to determine the influence of unmet need and social support on the quality of life of individuals with schizophrenia. Thirty-two persons living in the community with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were assessed on quality of life, psychopathology, unmet need and social support. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that unmet need and social support are important contributors to the quality of life of a person with schizophrenia, even after controlling for symptoms. Implications for schizophrenia treatment are discussed.     

Anger, impulsivity, social support, and suicide risk in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder

An emerging literature suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients are at an increased risk for suicide. The objective of this study was: a) to reexamine the relationship between PTSD and suicide by comparing suicide risks of persons with PTSD, to persons with anxiety disorder and to matched controls; and b) to examine the relationship between anger, impulsivity, social support and suicidality in PTSD and other anxiety disorders. Forty-six patients suffering from PTSD were compared with 42 non-PTSD anxiety disorder patients and with 50 healthy controls on measures of anger, impulsivity, social support, and suicide risk. Persons with PTSD had the highest scores on the measures of suicide risk, anger, and impulsivity and the lowest scores on social support. Multivariate analysis revealed that in the PTSD group, impulsivity was positively correlated with suicide risk and anger was not. PTSD symptoms of intrusion and avoidance were only mildly correlated with suicide risk at the bivariate level but not at the multivariate level. For the PTSD and anxiety disorder groups, the greater the social support, the lower the risk of suicide. For the controls, social support and impulsivity were not related to suicide risk, whereas anger was. These findings suggest that persons with PTSD are at higher risk for suicide and that in assessing suicide risk among persons with PTSD, careful attention should be paid to levels of impulsivity, which may increase suicide risk, and to social support, which may reduce the risk.