强迫信念在强迫症患者教养方式与强迫症状间的中介作用

目的 探讨强迫症患者强迫信念在父母教养方式与强迫症状间的中介作用.方法 采用父母教养方式评价量表（EMBU）,Y-BOCS中文版以及强迫信念问卷-44（OBQ-44）对168名强迫症患者进行测查.结果 父、母拒绝否认,惩罚严厉以及父亲过度保护与患者的症状和强迫信念都呈正相关;强迫信念在父、母惩罚严厉及父亲过度保护与强迫症状之间起完全中介作用,而在父、母拒绝否认上起部分中介作用.结论 强迫信念在父母拒绝否认,惩罚严厉及父亲过度保护与强迫症状之间起中介作用.     

强迫症患者完美主义程度在父母教养方式和道德判断能力之间的中介效应

目的 探讨强迫症患者父母教养方式、道德判断能力与完美主义程度之间的关系，并比 较 3 者在患者与健康人群中的差异。方法 采用方便抽样法，随机选取 2021 年 1— 10 月在北京市某 三甲医院心理科门诊就诊的 100 例强迫症患者为研究组，同时招募 100 名健康对照者为对照组。使用 道德判断测验（MJT）中文标准版、父母教养方式评价量表（EMBU）以及 Frost 多维完美主义量表中文版 （FMPS-C）比较两组患者的道德判断能力、父母教养方式及完美主义程度的差异。采用 Pearson 相关和 多重线性回归分析强迫症患者父母教养方式、完美主义、道德判断能力 3 者之间的关系。结果 研究 组 FMPS-C 非适应性维度得分高于对照组［（76.2±7.3）分比（58.3±12.6）分］，FMPS-C 适应性维度得分、 MJT 中文标准版 C 分数低于对照组［（18.5±3.1）分比（23.8±4.7）分、（9.5±1.7）分比（14.7±6.3）分］，差异 有统计学意义（P＜ 0.01）。研究组 EMBU 中的父亲惩罚、严厉，过分干涉，拒绝、否认，过度保护因子得 分高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）；母亲过度干涉和保护，拒绝、否认，惩罚、严厉因子得分高 于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）。强迫症患者母亲过度干涉和保护，拒绝、否认，惩罚、严厉与 非适应性完美主义程度呈正相关（r=0.954、0.412、0.419；P＜ 0.01），与道德判断能力呈负相关（r=-0.853、 -0.244、-0.358；P＜ 0.05）。强迫症患者父亲惩罚、严厉，过分干涉，拒绝、否认，过度保护与非适应性完 美主义程度呈正相关（r=0.304、0.240、0.690、0.248；P＜ 0.05）；父亲拒绝、否认与道德判断能力呈负相关 （r=-0.717，P＜ 0.01）。强迫症患者母亲过度干涉和保护，拒绝、否认，惩罚、严厉与父亲拒绝、否认通过 非适应性完美主义程度对道德判断能力起部分中介作用（均P＜ 0.05）。结论 强迫症患者道德判断能 力低于健康人群；父母过度控制、否认，惩罚等教养方式与非适应性完美主义程度高于健康人群。父母 教养方式通过非适应性完美主义程度部分作用于强迫症患者的道德判断能力。     

焦虑症患者儿童期生长经历及完美主义研究

目的:探讨焦虑症患者儿童期被忽视、父母教养方式与完美主义特征及其关系。方法:应用汉密尔顿焦虑量表,儿童被忽视量表、中文Frost多维度完美主义问卷、父母教养方式问卷对76例焦虑症患者(焦虑症组)和80名健康体检者(对照组)进行调查。结果:焦虑症组被忽视量表及完善主义问卷的各个维度评分显著高于正常对照组(P均0.05);在父母教养方式问卷上焦虑症患者的拒绝否认、惩罚严厉、过度干涉和过度保护维度均显著高于正常对照组(P均0.05),情感温暖显著低于正常对照组(P0.05);Pearson相关分析显示,焦虑症严重程度与儿童时期被忽视、父母教养方式及完美主义存在明显相关性(r=0.698~0.945,P均0.05)。完美主义在父母教养方式与焦虑症之间存在中介效应,6个维度的中介效应模型的平均效应值为0.09、0.10、0.09、0.03、0.08、0.06。结论:焦虑症患者儿童期存在被忽视,父母教养方式不当。完美主义在父母教养方式与焦虑症之间起中介作用。     

强迫症患者父母的教养方式

目的：探讨强迫症患者父母对患者的教养方式。方法：采用自编一般情况问卷和父母教养方式评价量表（egna minnen av barndoms uppfostran,EMBU）对88名强迫症患者的父母（研究组）和54名健康志愿者（对照组）进行评估。结果：研究组患者的父亲EMBU量表中的拒绝否认因子分平均（10.75±4.08）分明显高于对照组男性（8.78±1.80）分（t=3.928,P〈0.01）;研究组患者的母亲EMBU量表中过分干涉和保护因子分平均（39.30±6.80）分显著高于对照组女性（29.15±5.10）分（t=2.175,P〈0.05）;两组其他各因子评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：强迫症患者的父母在对子女的教养方式上缺乏情感温暖和理解,有过多的惩罚、拒绝和否认。及早对患者父母亲进行心理辅导,改善对子女的教养方式,有利于子女的健康成长。     

抑郁症与正常人父母教养方式对照研究

目的：观察抑郁症与正常人之间父母教养方式的差异。方法：使用父母教养方式问卷（EMBU），对符合条件健康自愿者和临床痊愈2周以上的抑郁症患者分别进行评定。结果：抑郁症父母教养方式更倾向于高拒绝否认，惩罚严厉，过度保护和低情感温暖和理解。结论：父母教养方式对抑郁症的认知模拟有一定影响。     

强迫症患者的防御方式及其家庭因素研究

目的 探讨强迫症患者的防御方式、家庭环境及其父母教养方式的特点。方法 采用防御方式问卷（DSQ）、家庭环境量表（FES—CV）及父母教养方式评价量表（EMBU）对36例强迫症患者（强迫症组）进行了问卷调查，并与36例正常受试者（对照组）加以比较。结果 ①强迫症组不成熟和中间防御机制因子评分均明显高于对照组，而成熟防御机制因子评分则明显低于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；②强迫症组家庭亲密度、情感表达及娱乐性评分均明显低于对照组，而矛盾性及控制性评分则明显高于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；③强迫症组父母惩罚及过分拒绝因子评分均明显高于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；另外患者父亲的情感温暖因子评分极明显低于对照组（P〈0．01），而过度保护因子评分则明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论 强迫症患者的防御方式、家庭环境及父母教养方式与正常人相比有其特点，可以针对其特点进行相应的心理干预。     

父母人格及教养方式对精神分裂症发病的影响

目的：了解父母人格及教养方式对精神分裂症发病的影响。方法：采用定式问卷的方法,对６０例精神分裂症患者及其父母分别进行艾森克个性问卷（ＥＰＱ）及父母教养方式问卷评定（ＥＭＢＵ）。随机抽取社区健康人６０例及其父母作为对照。结果：Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ多元逐步回归分析显示：父亲组进入方程的分别为Ｐ（精神质）、ＦＳＳ１（情感温暖与理解）、ＦＳＳ２（惩罚、严厉）和ＦＳＳ５（拒绝、否认）。母亲组进入方程的分别为Ｐ（     

强迫症患者父母教养方式研究进展

本文通过对强迫症患者父母教养方式的文献回顾,从父母教养方式、父母教养方式对强迫症患者的影响、以及强迫症患者父母心理卫生状况对父母教养方式的影响等方面介绍了现有的研究成果.同时,对强迫症患者父母教养方式的未来研究方向进行了探讨.     

精神分裂症患者应对方式、父母教养方式及防御方式的性别差异

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者应对方式、父母教养方式及防御方式的性别差异。方法:采用应付方式问卷(CSQ)、父母教养方式问卷(EBMU)及防御方式问卷(DSQ)对96例男性与75例女性精神分裂症患者进行评估。结果:应付方式:男性患者使用幻想少于女性(F=2.77,P0.05),使用自责、退避多于女性(F=3.76,F=2.76;P均0.05)。父母教养方式:父亲对儿子采取拒绝否认大于女儿(F=4.82,P0.01);母亲对儿子采取拒绝否认小于女儿(F=2.87,P0.05)。防御方式:男性患者采用退缩、反作用形成、消耗倾向多于女性,采用幻想、躯体化、期望少于女性(P均0.05)。结论:不同性别精神分裂症患者的应对方式、父母教养方式及防御方式不同,心理干预应有性别针对性。     

大学生自恋人格与父母教养方式相关研究

采用父母教养方式评价量表（EMBU）和自恋人格问卷，对武汉200名大学生进行研究，探讨了父母教养方式与大学生自恋人格的关系。结果发现：1）父母教养方式与大学生自恋人格有显著相关关系；父母温暖理解的教养方式与显性自恋有显著正相关；父亲的消极教养方式与隐性自恋有显著的正相关。2）父亲温暖理解、母亲严厉惩罚对显性自恋人格有预测作用。3）父亲拒绝否认和过度保护可预测隐性自恋人格。     

Locus of control,perceived parenting style,and symptoms of anxiety and depression in children with Tourette’s syndrome

AIM: This study explored the contribution of two psychosocial factors, locus of control (LOC) and perceived parenting style, to symptoms of internalizing disorders in children with Tourette syndrome (TS). This contribution was further evaluated in relation to TS severity. METHODS: Sixty-five children (53 boys, 12 girls) ages 9.0-16.9 years, of normal intelligence, completed questionnaires evaluating their depression and anxiety symptoms, LOC, and maternal parenting style. Their mothers rated TS severity, determined by tic severity, symptoms of attention-deficit hypreactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive compulsive symptoms (OCS). RESULTS: Higher rates of symptoms of anxiety and depression were associated with a more external LOC and a more rejecting and controlling parenting style. Additionally, depression correlated significantly with tic severity, ADHD and OCS, whereas anxiety correlated only with ADHD symptoms and OCS, but not with tics. Regression analyses showed that LOC, OCS and ADHD symptoms each significantly contributed to predicting anxiety level, whereas LOC and ADHD symptoms significantly contributed to predicting depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of symptoms of anxiety and depression in children with TS are markedly influenced by psychosocial factors, extending beyond the influence of ADHD and OCD, both common comorbid disorders in TS. An internal LOC, which is associated with an accepting and autonomy-granting parenting style, appears to be a protective factor against anxiety and depression.     

Association between morningness–eveningness and the severity of compulsive Internet use: the moderating role of gender and parenting style

BackgroundEveningness and Internet addiction are major concerns in adolescence and young adulthood. We investigated the relationship between morningness–eveningness and compulsive Internet use in young adults and explored the moderating effects of perceived parenting styles and family support on such relationships.MethodsThe participants consisted of 2731 incoming college students (men, 52.4%; mean age, 19.4 ± 3.6 years) from a National University in Taiwan. Each participant completed the questionnaires, which included the Morningness–Eveningness Scale (MES), the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for Internet use (YBOCS-IU), the Parental Bonding Instrument for parenting style, the Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve questionnaire (APGAR) for perceived family support, and the Adult Self-Report Inventory-4 (ASRI-4) for psychopathology. The morning (n = 459), intermediate (n = 1878), and evening (n = 394) groups were operationally defined by the MES t scores.ResultsThe results showed that eveningness was associated with greater weekend sleep compensation, increased compulsive Internet use, more anxiety, poorer parenting styles, and less family support; additionally, the most associated variables for increased compulsive Internet use were the tendency of eveningness, male gender, more anxiety symptoms, less maternal affection/care, and a lower level of perceived family support. The negative association between the morning type and compulsive Internet use severity escalated with increased maternal affection/care and decreased with increased perceived family support. The positive association between the evening type and compulsive Internet use severity declined with increased maternal protection. However, the father’s parenting style did not influence the relationship between morningness–eveningness and compulsive Internet use severity.ConclusionsOur findings imply that sleep schedule and the parental and family process should be part of specific measures for prevention and intervention of compulsive Internet use.     

Obsessions and worry beliefs in an inpatient OCD population

Dysfunctional beliefs in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and worry are thought to contribute to vulnerability and maintenance of pathological anxiety. In this study, five belief domains concerning responsibility/threat estimation, perfectionism, intolerance of uncertainty, importance/control of thoughts and thought–action fusion were examined to see whether they differentially predicted worry and obsession severity in patients with severe OCD. Correlational analysis revealed that perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty were associated with worry, whereas beliefs in the importance and control of thoughts and thought–action fusion were associated with obsession severity when obsession severity and worry, respectively, were controlled. In regression analyses, thought–action fusion and intolerance of uncertainty predicted OCD severity. The relation between dysfunctional beliefs and specific subtypes of OCD symptoms was also examined. Specific relationships were identified, including perfectionism with ordering, obsessions with control/importance of thoughts and checking and washing with threat estimation.     

Stereotypies: prevalence and association with compulsive and impulsive symptoms in college students

BACKGROUND: Although stereotypic behaviors have been well described in patients with mental retardation, there has been relatively little work on the prevalence and nature of these phenomena in intellectually normal subjects. Stereotypies may conceivably be related to obsessive-compulsive disorder, to perfectionism, or to impulse dyscontrol. METHODS: This study attempted to assess the prevalence of stereotypic behaviors in a college population and to determine their relationship to compulsive and impulsive symptoms and traits by means of self-rated questionnaires. Questionnaires assessed stereotypies as well as obsessive-compulsive symptoms, perfectionism, and impulsive-aggressive traits. RESULTS: Stereotypic behaviors were common in this population, and they were time-consuming or problematic in a subgroup of subjects. The total number of stereotypic behaviors was significantly associated with increased scores of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, of perfectionism, and of impulsive-aggressive traits. Other measures of the severity of stereotypic behavior were also associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and perfectionism. CONCLUSIONS: Although the nature of stereotypic behaviors is not well understood, these phenomena can be clinically important in intellectually normal subjects. Stereotypic behaviors deserve further attention from researchers and clinicians.     

社交焦虑障碍患者父母养育方式分析

目的：探讨社交焦虑障碍（SAD）患者的发病与父母养育方式的关系。方法：采用自编社会人口学资料调查表、父母养育方式量表（EMBU）对30例SAD患者（患者组）和30名正常人（对照组）进行评估;以Liebowitz社交焦虑量表（LSAS）≥38分为界,评估SAD的严重程度。结果：患者组LSAS评分平均（78.0±27.8）分显著高于对照组的（22.2±9.0）分,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=10.477,P〈0.01）。患者组EMBU中父亲的拒绝、否认因子分和过度保护因子分平均（11.10±3.93）分和（10.77±2.57）分显著高于对照组的（8.67±1.97）分和（9.30±1.77）分（t=3.035、2.578,P〈0.01或P〈0.05）;父亲的情感温暖、理解因子分和偏爱被试因子分平均（43.30±11.45）分和（10.50±2.91）分显著低于对照组的（51.20±8.10）分和（12.87±5.43）分（t=3.085、2.104,P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。母亲的拒绝、否认因子分平均（13.93±5.34）分显著高于对照组的（11.33±2.26）分（t=2.457,P〈0.05）,母亲的情感温暖、理解因子分和偏爱被试因子分平均为（43.07±12.07）分和（10.50±2.91）分显著低于对照组的（51.53±8.26）分和（12.87±5.43）分（t=3.170、2.104,P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。结论：SAD的发生与父母养育方式有关,不良的父母养育方式可能是SAD的发病原因之一。     

学龄前儿童攻击性行为的调查

目的 初步探讨学龄前儿童攻击性行为及其不同类型的发生情况,并探索可能的相关因素.方法 采用中文版攻击行为-教师核查表、儿童行为量表(CBCL)父母问卷攻击行为分量表对上海市148例学龄前儿童进行评估.结果 根据CBCI量表攻击分量表,约8.8％(13/148)的学龄前儿童有攻击性行为;反应性攻击分数为(1.46±0.85),主动性攻击分数为(0.86±0.87);主要管教者为父母,以及每天看电视时间高于1h以上与儿童的攻击性行为发生显著相关.结论 学龄前儿童的攻击性行为发生率较高,需要引起高度重视,且这些儿童的反应性攻击行为明显多于主动性攻击行为,可能会给儿童带来许多心理社会问题.父母管教方式以及看电视等习惯可能会影响到儿童攻击性行为的发生.     

抑郁症患者生活事件、特质应对方式、父母养育方式及社会支持情况研究

目的了解抑郁症患者生活事件、特质应对方式、父母养育方式及社会支持状况及其性别差异。方法选取符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)抑郁症诊断标准的天津市精神卫生中心2013年3月-2014年2月门诊和住院患者104例,在社区中选取与所调查抑郁症患者社会人口学特征较为接近且汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-24)评分8分的健康人106例作为对照组;对两组进行生活事件(LES)、特质应对方式(TCSQ)、父母教养方式(EMBU)及社会支持(SSRS)量表测评。结果抑郁症患者负性刺激量、积极应对方式、父亲处罚严厉、母亲处罚严厉、母亲拒绝否认因子评分与对照组比较[(29.96±11.81)vs.(15.00±9.81),(29.31±5.39)vs.(25.36±5.00),(14.69±4.11)vs.(18.41±10.29),(10.23±2.69)vs.(12.34±4.39),(10.02±2.29)vs.(12.64±4.13)],差异有统计学意义(t=-5.699~9.976,P均0.01)。男性抑郁症患者的积极、消极应对方式及社会支持的总得分均高于女性(P0.05)。结论 1抑郁症患者经历更多的负性生活事件并多采用积极应对方式;2父母亲的教育方式均表现为低处罚严厉、低拒绝否认,母亲还表现为低过度保护;3抑郁症患者的客观社会支持较多、主观社会支持较少;4男性比女性抑郁症患者采用更多的积极应对方式和消极应对方式,并有更多的社会支持。     

Perceived parental rearing in subjects with obsessive–compulsive disorder and their siblings

Lennertz L, Grabe HJ, Ruhrmann S, Rampacher F, Vogeley A, Schulze‐Rauschenbach S, Ettelt S, Meyer K, Kraft S, Reck C, Pukrop R, John U, Freyberger HJ, Klosterkötter J, Maier W, Falkai P, Wagner M. Perceived parental rearing in subjects with obsessive–compulsive disorder and their siblings. Objective: Perceived parenting in patients suffering from obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is examined. We attempted to overcome some methodological limitations of prior studies by taking age of onset, parental OCD and comorbid depression into consideration. In addition, we included data from unaffected siblings to corroborate information on parental rearing. Method: One hundred and twenty‐two cases with OCD and 41 of their siblings as well as 59 healthy controls and 45 of their siblings completed the German short‐version of the EMBU (FEE). Results: Obsessive–compulsive disorder cases reported less parental warmth and more parental rejection and control. Further analyses indicated that parenting is also associated with OCD in cases with late onset and cases without parents affected by OCD. OCD cases with comorbid depression described their parents particularly negatively. Data from siblings indicated good validity of perceived parenting in OCD. Conclusion: This study provides further evidence for dysfunctional child rearing being relevant to the development of OCD and depression.     

Perceived parental psychological control and eating-disordered symptoms: maladaptive perfectionism as a possible intervening variable

Recent developmental theorizing conceptualizes perfectionism as a mediator of the relation between intrusive parenting and psychopathology. Research addressing this hypothesis in relation to eating disorders (EDs), however, is lacking. This case-control study (a) examined mean-level differences between ED patients and normal controls in psychologically controlling parenting and perfectionism and (b) addressed the intervening role of perfectionism in associations between psychological control and ED symptoms, distinguishing between maladaptive and relatively more adaptive types of perfectionism. Hypotheses were examined in a sample of normal controls (N = 85) and a sample of ED patients (N = 60). Findings indicate that ED patients and bulimics in particular show elevated levels of paternal (but not maternal) psychological control and elevated levels of maladaptive perfectionism compared with normal controls. Mediation analyses show that maladaptive perfectionism is a significant intervening variable between parental psychological control and ED symptoms. Directions for future research on controlling parenting, perfectionism, and ED are outlined.