精神科护士与综合科护士睡眠质量和工作倦怠的比较分析

目的比较精神科护士与综合科护士睡眠质量和工作倦怠状况,为改善护士睡眠、促进身心健康提供依据。方法采用匹茨堡睡眠质量指数表（PSQI）和工作倦怠量表（MBI）对精神科护士和综合科护士进行调查,并分析其睡眠质量和工作倦怠的状况。结果精神科和综合科护士的睡眠质量评分均高于全国常模,而精神科护士在安眠药物的使用上明显高于综合科护士（P〈0.05）,其它各因子则无显著性差异（P均〉0.05）。在工作倦怠的3个维度中,精神科护士情感耗竭低于综合科护士（P〈0.05）,去人格化高于综合科护士（P〈0.05）;精神科护士工作倦怠中、重度以上者明显低于综合科护士,二者有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论精神科和综合科护士的睡眠质量较差,精神科护士工作倦怠的程度总体要好于综合科护士。     

精神科护士工作压力源调查分析

目的了解精神科护士工作中主要的压力源及程度，探讨有效的应对方式。方法采用问卷调查法，对精神科102名护士（男护士30名，女护士72名）进行调查，并与综合科120名护士对比分析。结果精神科护士的压力源主要来自服务对象及精神科专业方面；男护士在社会地位、社会的理解与尊重方面的压力比女护士更大，差异有显著性或极显著性（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论缓解或消除精神科护士的工作压力源，可有效提高精神科护理的工作效率。     

学生心理压力和心理韧性的关系研究

目的调查大学生心理压力感的现状,分析心理韧性对心理压力感的影响。方法采用分层整群取样获得1000名大学生被试,采用问卷法对其心理压力感和心理韧性进行调查评定,分析心理压力在性别、户籍及家庭收入水平方面的差异,并通过相关分析、回归分析了解心理韧性对心理压力的影响。结果大学生的心理压力感在户籍和家庭收入水平方面差异有统计学意义（df=841,P均〈0.05）,多重比较表明,来自农村和乡镇的大学生较来自城市的学生感受到更大的压力;家庭收入水平较低的学生感受到更高的压力。相关分析（r=-0.104～-0.365,P〈0.01）和回归分析表明,心理韧性对心理压力感有负向预测作用（P均〈0.05）。结论来自农村及家庭收入水平较低的大学生感受到更高的心理压力;大学生心理韧性是应对压力保持心理健康的重要素质资源。     

精神科护士与神经内科护士生活质量调查分析

目的探讨精神科护士与神经内科护士的生活质量。方法用生活质量综合评定问卷比较二者生活质量的差异，各因子进行对应的t检验，寻找差别的原因。结果客观生活质量方面：生活质量总分及心理维度差别显著（P〈0.01），生活维度、社会功能维度及物质生活维度无明显差异；主观生活质量方面：心理维度及社会功能维度有显著性差异（P〈0．05），生理维度及物质生活维度无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论精神科护士心理方面承受的压力明显高于神经内科护士，精神科患者对护士的不尊重及社会对精神科护士的歧视是心理压力加重的来源。     

86例精神专科医院护士的症状自评量表调查

目的 了解精神科护士心理压力状况,分析原因,探索对策.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对86名精神科护士和100名综合科护士进行调查.结果 精神科护士中躯体化(1.51±0.59)、人际关系(1.74±0.31)、抑郁(1.59±0.65)因子分高于综合科护士(依次为1.37±0.48、1.65±0.51、1.50±0.59,t值依次为2.04、2.07、2.08, P<0.05);躯体化、恐怖、人际关系等因子分较中国常模评分高.精神科中专学历组护士躯体化、恐怖、人际关系因子分评分较大专组和本科组高,年龄40岁以上组躯体化、焦虑、偏执等因子分评分较19～29岁组和30～39岁组评分高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 精神科护士心理压力较综合科护士和一般人群大,年龄越大,心理压力越大,高文化程度者心理压力小于文化程度低者,应根据不同的群体采用不同的对策.     

新冠肺炎疫情期间封闭管理精神科医护人员焦虑抑郁症状及相关因素调查

目的探讨新冠肺炎疫情期间封闭管理精神科医护人员焦虑抑郁状况及相关因素,为改善其心理健康状况提供参考。方法采用随机数字表法抽取临沂市精神卫生中心接受封闭管理的精神科医护人员124名,应用一般情况调查表、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)、患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)进行测查。结果封闭管理精神科医护人员轻度、中度、重度焦虑症状检出率分别为49.59%、4.96%、4.13%;轻度、中度、中重度、重度抑郁症状检出率分别为30.58%、7.44%、2.48%、2.48%。不同年龄的精神科医护人员GAD-7评分差异有统计学意义(F=3.207,P=0.044),有无子女及不同行为类型的精神科医护人员PHQ-9评分差异有统计学意义(F=3.993,P=0.048;F=6.523,P=0.002)。逐步回归分析显示,影响封闭管理精神科医护人员焦虑的因素为:年龄和存在A型行为(β=0.225、0.183,P均<0.05);影响其抑郁的因素为:A型行为和年龄(β=0.258、0.187,P<0.05或0.01)。结论新冠肺炎疫情期间,封闭管理精神科医护人员普遍出现不同程度的焦虑、抑郁症状,年龄大和存在A型行为类型者是出现焦虑、抑郁症状的高危人群。     

上海市社区卫生服务中心精神卫生服务基本情况的调研与分析

目的为了贯彻实施<上海市精神卫生条例>,推动社区卫生服务中心建立精神科门诊或心理健康咨询门诊,更好地为市民提供精神卫生服务,上海市疾控精神卫生分中心开展了对全市社区卫生服务中心精神卫生服务与需求基本情况的调研.方法调研采用表格式登记表登录方式,应用构成比进行相对数分析.结果调研数据显示全市有26.16%的社区卫生服务中心尚未开设精神科/心理健康咨询门诊;社区精神科医生仅208人,其中,中专及以下的学历占55.29%,77.88%的人员是初级职称,约四分之一服务人员从未接受过任何精神卫生方面的培训,这在一定程度上影响了对社区人群的服务.讨论建议各级卫生行政部门应当重视社区卫生服务中心建立精神科/心理健康咨询门诊,并为社区卫生服务人员接受精神疾病知识教育创造条件.     

遭受工作场所暴力的精神科护士心理状况调查

目的 了解精神科护士遭受工作场所暴力后的心理压力状况,分析原因,探索对策.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对203例遭受工作场所暴力的精神科护士进行调查.结果 203例护士SCL-90除人际敏感因子分低于中国常模,其余的阳性项目数和躯体化、焦虑、敌对因子分明显高于中国常模,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).按不同年龄段及不同职称比较SCL-90各因子分,其中护士各年龄段之间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),护士组的人际敏感、恐怖、精神病性因子分高于主管护师及以上职称护士,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);护师组的量表总分、阳性项目数、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、恐怖、精神病性因子分高于主管护师及以上职称护士,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 遭受工作场所暴力的精神科护士心理压力普遍存在,低职称的护士心理压力要高于中级及以上职称护士,建议医院管理层根据不同的护士群体采取不同的干预对策.     

精神科三班护士心理健康状况的调查研究

目的：了解精神科三班护士的心理健康状况。方法：应用症状自评量表（SCL－90）调查100名三班护士，其中精神科70人，非精神科30人（包括精神科门诊），将两组评分进行相互比较，并分别与中国成人常模比较。结果：精神科三班护士与常模比较，所有指标都差于常模，除阳性症状均分，人际关系敏感因子两指标为显性差异（0．05＞P＞0．01）外，其余统计指标均有高度显性差异（P＜0．01），与非精神科三班护士比较，全部指标都差于非精神科三班护士，有高度显性差异（P＜0．01），45．71％的精神科三班护士有心理问题，万以抑郁，强迫症状，焦虑和人际关系敏感为突出，结论：精神科三班护士心理健康状况欠佳，应对她们加强心理卫生保健工作，努力提高她们的心理健康水平。     

贫困大学生人格特征与心理健康的关系

目的探讨贫困大学生人格特征与心理健康的关系,旨在为其人格与心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用艾森克人格量表（EPQ）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）,抽取吉林某高校450名贫困大学生进行调查。结果贫困大学生E分数显著高于常模（t男=2.26,t女=10.20,P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,女性N分数显著高于常模（t女=6.85,P〈0.01）,男女生P分数与男生N分数与常模差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;SCL-90的9个因子分均值均显著高于国内青年常模（t=2.95～7.41,P〈0.01）;P、N分量表与SCL各因子分别呈显著正相关（r=0.17～0.61,P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,E分量表SCL的6个因子呈显著负相关（r=-0.14～-0.27,P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;P、N维度对心理健康水平具有显著的预测作用（P〈0.01）。结论贫困大学生人格偏外向,好交际,女生情绪欠稳定;其心理健康水平低于全国青年的平均水平,且较多地受到人格特征中情绪性与精神病质的影响。     

Disrupted caring attachments: implications for long-term care

Caring attachments or social supports are the positive psychological and physical contacts and relationships between people. These attachments have been associated with improved health, well-being, and longevity. It is also true that disrupted caring attachments are associated with impaired health and well-being. This paper reviews the general medical and elder medical findings of disrupted caring attachments and negative health outcomes. The implications of these findings for dementia sufferers, caregivers, and long-term care staff are examined.     

Values and Psychological Acceptance as Correlates of Burnout in Support Staff Working With Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

There is growing evidence that acceptance and mindfulness interventions for support staff in intellectual disability (ID) services can have beneficial mental health outcomes for staff themselves and individuals with ID. However, there are few data focusing on the relevance of related psychological processes for support staff well-being. The purpose of this research was to contribute to the evidence base and to introduce a new measure of staff values in ID services: the Support Staff Values Questionnaire (SSVQ-ID). Fifty-nine support staff completed a measure of psychological acceptance (the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire), the SSVQ-ID, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The acceptance and values measures had good internal consistency and statistically significant associations with dimensions of burnout. The results suggest that further research on acceptance and mindfulness process variables is warranted along with interventions designed to increase support staff resilience, especially when working with clients with dual diagnosis.     

Acceptance and mindfulness-based stress management for support staff caring for individuals with intellectual disabilities

Support staff working with individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and challenging behaviour experience high levels of work-related stress. Preliminary theoretical and experimental research has highlighted the potential suitability of acceptance and mindfulness approaches for addressing support staff stress. This study examines the effectiveness of an acceptance and mindfulness-based stress management workshop on the levels of psychological distress and well-being of support staff working with individuals with ID and challenging behaviour. Support staff (n = 120) were randomly assigned to a workshop intervention condition (n = 66) or to a waiting list control condition (n = 54). Measurements were completed at three time points (pre-, post and 6 week follow-up) for: psychological distress, well-being, perceived work stressors, thought suppression, and emotional avoidance/psychological inflexibility. Main Findings: The intervention led to significantly greater reductions in distress in the intervention group than in the control group. This was largely maintained at 6 week follow-up. This effect was more pronounced amongst a subsample that had shown higher levels of psychological distress at baseline. Thought suppression was found to reduce significantly in the intervention group between post intervention and follow-up, although no significant change was found in well-being or experiential avoidance/psychological inflexibility. Overall, results demonstrated support for the effectiveness of an acceptance and mindfulness-based intervention in reducing distress.     

上海市医学心理咨询门诊的现状调查

目的为了全面了解我市医学心理咨询门诊工作开展的现状。方法运用调查表对开展医学心理咨询门诊的38家单位现状及发展趋势进行调查。结果调查显示我市近年医学心理咨询与治疗工作有了很大的发展,但也存在从业人员少,职业化、专业化、流程规范化不够等问题。结论医学心理咨询门诊工作在我市已普遍展开,但从业人员的系统专业培训、从业人员整体素质,专业机构的管理还需提高。     

The effects of reminiscence on psychological well-being in older adults: a meta-analysis

This paper presents the results of a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of reminiscence on psychological well-being across different target groups and treatment modalities. Fifteen controlled outcome studies were included. An overall effect size of 0.54 was found, indicating a moderate influence of reminiscence on life-satisfaction and emotional well-being in older adults. Life-review was found to have significantly greater effect on psychological well-being than simple reminiscence. In addition, reminiscence had significantly greater effect on community-dwelling adults than adults living in nursing homes or residential care. Other characteristics of participants or interventions were not found to moderate effects. It is concluded that reminiscence in general, but especially life review, are potentially effective methods for the enhancement of psychological well-being in older adults. However, a replication of effectiveness studies of the well-defined protocols is now warranted.     

Dimensions of decreased psychological well-being in advanced dementia

Evaluation of psychological well-being among persons with an advanced dementia is primarily dependent on verbal and non-verbal cues and behaviors that are observed and interpreted by others. The purpose of the present study was to determine how many components of psychological well-being can be measured. Fifty-seven individuals who were institutionalized for advanced dementia and exhibited agitation or withdrawal were evaluated by direct observations and by interviews with nursing home staff. Engagement was measured by the Lawton Positive Affect scale, visual analog scale, and reported degree of patient's interest in the environment. Mood was measured by a global indicator of mood interpreted from facial expression and two mood items from the Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects. Agitation was measured by a visual analog scale and by the Short Form of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory. Correlation analyses and multidimensional scaling provided evidence for three dimensions of psychological well-being: engagement-apathy, happy sad mood, and calm-agitation. Evaluation of these three dimensions is important for measuring quality of care in long-term care settings and for determining effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.     

Anxiety,psychological well-being and self-esteem in Spanish families with blind children. A change in psychological adjustment?

In this study, the relation between levels of anxiety, self-esteem and subjective psychological well-being is analyzed in a Spanish sample of 28 fathers and 33 mothers of blind children. The results reveal a positive correlation between subjective psychological well-being and self-esteem, and a negative correlation between anxiety and subjective psychological well-being, and between anxiety and self-esteem. In comparison with the general population, no statistically significant differences were found in anxiety and subjective psychological well-being; however, levels of self-esteem were significantly higher in families with blind children. These results suggest that the process of adaptation described in previous research may be changing, as having a blind child does not necessarily lead to parents’ maladjustment.     

Psychological distress and attitudes of emergency personnel towards suicide attempters

Emergency personnel attitudes towards suicide attempters are important because they have a key role in the management of these patients. We examined the association between staff members' psychological distress and the attitudes towards suicide attempters. We also compared the attitudes towards suicide attempters among emergency personnel between a general and a psychiatric hospital. The Understanding Suicidal Patients (USP) Questionnaire and the 12-item version of General Health Questionnaire were given to all staff in the emergency rooms of a general hospital and a psychiatric hospital (n=151). There was a general tendency among emergency room staff to view attempted suicide patients positively and sympathetically. However, there were clear differences in staff attitudes between the two hospitals: those working in the general hospital expressed more negative attitudes than those in the psychiatric hospital. No evidence emerged of association between staff members' psychological distress and negative attitudes towards suicide attempters. There was no association between psychological distress and negative attitudes towards suicide attempters.     

Impaired interns and residents

In 1981 a study was undertaken to determine intern and resident psychological well-being and identify those house staff who were psychologically impaired. Fourteen percent of house staff were found to be impaired. Single females and house staff who were chronically fatigued or socially isolated were at highest risk for impairment. Impairment arose out of the interaction between sleep and social deprivation and individual vulnerability. Minor tranquilizers, but not alcohol, were used as a coping response to impairment.     

Do challenging behaviors affect staff psychological well-being? Issues of causality and mechanism

Little explicit attention has been given to the potential impact of client challenging behavior on staff psychological well-being. Relevant research was critically reviewed according to criteria required to establish a causal relationship. Reasonable evidence was found for an association between challenging behavior and staff stress, and some evidence for temporal precedence. However, few researchers had analyzed data enabling alternative explanations to be eliminated. Thus, empirical evidence of a causal relationship between challenging behavior and staff stress is weak. A fourth causality criterion was addressed by suggestion of a mechanism by which challenging behavior may have its effects. I propose that staff negative emotional reactions mediate the impact of challenging behaviors on staff stress and evaluate research evidence for this theory.