640层螺旋CT头颈部CTA对脑梗死患者的诊断价值

目的探讨640层螺旋CT头颈部CTA对脑梗死患者的诊断价值。方法对我院2013-01—2015-01入院检查的130例脑梗死患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,所有患者均行头颈部CTA检查,观察颈动脉斑块的分布与性质,以及脑血管狭窄、闭塞情况与责任血管等情况。结果 130例脑梗死患者中,检出颈动脉斑块121例(93.08%),检出斑块284个,其中非钙化斑块占45.07%(128/284)。CTA检查显示,有脑血管狭窄或闭塞102例(78.46%),正常28例,其中轻度狭窄30例(29.41%),中度狭窄35例(34.31%),重度狭窄20例(19.67%),闭塞17例(16.67%);共检出颈动脉狭窄或闭塞160支,其中轻中度狭窄占70%(112/160),重度狭窄及闭塞占30%(48/160);单纯颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞32例(31.37%),单纯颅外动脉狭窄或闭塞6例(5.88%),颅内外动脉均有狭窄或闭塞64例(62.74%)。在脑血管狭窄或闭塞的患者中,可判断责任血管78例(76.47%),单纯颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞22例(28.21%),单纯颅外动脉狭窄或闭塞4例(5.13%),颅内外动脉均有狭窄或闭塞52例(66.67%)。结论对脑梗死患者行头颈部CTA检查,可有效检出颈动脉斑块情况及其性质,判定脑血管的狭窄程度,以及责任血管情况,对脑梗死患者的病因诊断、治疗和预后有重要意义。     

鲁西南地区青年缺血性脑卒中脑血管狭窄分布特征

目的分析鲁西南地区青年缺血性脑卒中患者的脑血管狭窄分布特征。方法收集100例45岁以下青年卒中患者为青年组,>45岁100例中老年患者作为对照,所有患者均经神经影像学、颈部血管彩超、TCD等检查,并进行DSA检查,分析两者脑血管狭窄分布特征。结果青年组及中老年组脑血管狭窄发生率分别为85%及88%。青年组颅内动脉病变60例(70.6%),颅外动脉病变10例(11.8%),颅内外动脉同时受累15例(17.6%);中老年组颅内动脉病变35例(39.8%),颅外动脉病变40例(45.5%),颅内外动脉同时受累13例(14.7%)。青年组轻度狭窄60例(60%),中度狭窄30例(30%),重度狭窄或闭塞10例(10%),中老年组轻度狭窄20例(20%),中度狭窄35例(35%),重度狭窄或闭塞45例(45%)。结论颅内外脑供血动脉狭窄或闭塞是脑梗死最主要的发病原因之一,青年患者以颅内动脉病变多见,中老年患者以颅外动脉病变多见,中老年患者脑血管狭窄程度较青年组重。     

不同年龄组脑梗死患者脑动脉狭窄分布的DSA分析

目的分析中青年及老年脑梗死患者脑动脉狭窄的DSA结果,了解其分布情况。方法 170例患者均进行DSA检查,明确有无脑血管狭窄及其狭窄分布特征,并判断责任动脉。结果中青年组及老年组脑血管狭窄发生率分别为87.23%及88.18%,责任动脉检出率分别为68.29%及80.59%。中青年组颅内动脉病变53例(64.63%),颅外动脉病变17例(20.73%),颅内外动脉同时受累12例(14.63%);老年组颅内动脉病变24例(35.82%),颅外动脉病变28例(41.79%),颅内外动脉同时受累15例(22.39%)。结论颅内外脑供血动脉狭窄或闭塞是脑梗死最主要的发病原因之一,中青年患者以颅内动脉病变多见,老年患者以颅外动脉病变多见。     

110例脑梗死患者的全脑数字减影血管造影的临床研究

目的探讨脑梗死患者与颅内-颅外段动脉狭窄或闭塞的关系及其临床意义。方法选择符合脑梗死诊断标准的110例患者行全脑数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,对颈内动脉系统脑梗死(ICA-CI)和椎-基动脉系统脑梗死(VB-CI)患者的颅内-颅外段动脉狭窄或闭塞进行分析比较。结果 110例脑梗死患者中85例(77.27%)有动脉狭窄或闭塞。其中25例(22.73%)为单纯颅外段动脉狭窄或闭塞,41例(37.27%)为单纯颅内段动脉狭窄或闭塞,19例(17.27%)为颅内-颅外段动脉多发性狭窄或闭塞。DSA共检出动脉狭窄或闭塞173支,颅外动脉段狭窄或闭塞65支(37.57%),颅内段动脉狭窄或闭塞108支(62.43%)。颅内段动脉狭窄或闭塞发生率(62.43%)明显高于颅外段动脉(37.57%)。颅外段动脉狭窄或闭塞的好发部位依次为:颈内动脉颅外段26支(15.03%),椎动脉颅外段19支(10.98%),颈总动脉14支(8.09%),锁骨下动脉6支(3.47%)。颅内段动脉狭窄或闭塞的好发部位依次为:大脑中动脉37支(21.39%),颈内动脉颅内段25支(14.45%),椎动脉颅内段18支(10.40%),大脑后动脉11支(6.36%),大脑前动脉9支(5.20%),基底动脉8支(4.62%)。ICA-CI组单纯颅外段动脉狭窄或闭塞高于VB-CI组(P<0.05),ICA-CI组单纯颅内段动脉狭窄或闭塞高于VB-CI组(P<0.01),ICA-CI组颅内-颅外段动脉多发狭窄或闭塞低于VB-CI组(P<0.05)。ICA-CI组单纯颅内段动脉狭窄或闭塞高于单纯颅外段动脉窄或闭塞,VB-CI组单纯颅内动脉段狭窄或闭塞高于单纯颅外动脉段狭窄或闭塞(P<0.05)。动脉狭窄及粥样硬化斑块与年龄、高血压、低血压、糖尿病、高甘油三酯(TG)、高总胆固醇(TC)、高低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、冠心病、肥胖、吸烟、酗洒有密切关系(均P<0.05)。结论 DSA检查有助于脑梗死患者的颅内-颅外段主要供血动脉狭窄与闭塞诊断,对脑梗死的治疗有重要指导作用。     

640层螺旋CT脑灌注成像与CT血管成像在超早期脑梗死中的应用

目的探讨东芝Aquilion ONE 640层CT脑灌注成像(CTP)与CT血管成像(CTA)在超早期脑梗死患者中的应用价值。方法我院2014-06—2015-12收治的28例超早期脑梗死患者,均在发病后6h内实施CT平扫、CTP与CTA检查,分析平扫及灌注CT表现,计算CTP的达峰时间(TTP)、脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)各参数值,并与对侧及半暗带周边相应区灌注参数相对比;重建颈段和脑内动脉CTA图像,采用图像后处理技术显示病变血管情况,对动脉狭窄程度进行分级评价。所有患者3~7d内行多层螺旋CT复查,评估CTP与CTA在超早期脑梗死诊断中的临床价值。结果 28例患者经头颅CT平扫发现,11例有可疑脑缺血区,其余17例未见明显异常。行CT脑血管灌注成像发现,患者感兴趣区内rCBF、rCBV、rTTP(病变侧与对照侧灌注参数的相对比值)明显改变,脑梗死区较边缘区TTP更高,CBF、CBV更低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);半暗带区CBF、TTP与对侧比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01),而CBV对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。CTA检查发现,10例患者大脑中动脉闭塞,7例大脑中动脉狭窄,11例一侧颈内动脉狭窄或闭塞。结论 CTP早期发现脑梗死患者脑组织中的缺血半暗带,CTA检查可准确判断狭窄或闭塞血管,在脑梗死患者的早期诊断和指导溶栓治疗中有重要临床价值。     

缺血性脑血管病患者介入治疗前后的影像学评估研究

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)、彩色多普勒成像(CDFI)、经颅多普勒成像(TCD)等影像学评估方案在缺血性脑血管病患者介入治疗前后的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析行经皮血管内支架成型术(PTAS)的52例缺血性脑血管病患者的临床资料,入组患者均于介入治疗前后接受数字减影脑血管造影(DSA)、CTA、CDFI及TCD检查,详细记录检查结果,以DSA检查结果为"金标准"评估CTA、CDFI及TCD检查在PTAS术前筛查及术后评估中的应用价值。结果共检查52例缺血性脑血管病患者颅内外血管共572条,DSA检查结果显示颅内外狭窄或闭塞血管131条(22.9%),正常血管441条(77.1%);其中CDFI、CTA及TCD三种检查方案对介入治疗前颅内外血管狭窄或闭塞评估情况的准确性、特异性及敏感性分别为95.6%、97.1%、90.8%,94.8%、96.4%、89.3%和93.9%、95.9%、87.0%,均与DSA检出率有一致性(P0.05)。术后第24个月复诊,DSA检查结果显示,狭窄或闭塞38条(6.6%),正常血管534条(93.4%);其中CDFI、CTA及TCD三种检查方案对随访期内颅内外血管狭窄或闭塞评估情况的准确性、特异性及敏感性分别为96.2%、90.0%、92.1%,94.9%、89.2%、86.8%和94.2%、88.8%、81.6%,均与DSA检出率有一致性(P0.05)。结论 CDFI、TCD及CTA检查在缺血性脑血管病介入治疗前后的颅内外血管狭窄及闭塞评估中均具有较高的敏感性及准确性,临床可作为辅助诊断PTAS介入治疗前血管闭塞情况及评估患者术后狭窄、闭塞血管再通情况的有效手段予以推广应用。     

短暂性脑缺血发作患者颅内外动脉狭窄分布特征的分析

目的探讨短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者颅内外动脉狭窄的分布特征。方法对178例TIA患者进行全脑血管造影(DSA)检查,分析脑动脉颅内动脉狭窄、颅外动脉狭窄的发生率及其分布情况。结果在178例TIA患者中,124例(69.66%)存在脑动脉狭窄或闭塞,其中前循环动脉狭窄或闭塞50例(40.32%)、后循环为44例(35.48%)、前后循环均有病变为30例(24.19%);颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞29例(23.39%),颅外动脉为72例(58.06%),颅内、外动脉均有病变为23例(18.55%)。发现狭窄血管共237支,其中单支血管病变58例、多支血管病变66例。颅外血管狭窄以颈内动脉颅外段最多为81支,颅内血管狭窄以椎动脉颅内段最多为41支。结论 TIA患者常伴有脑血管狭窄,准确地评价患者脑动脉狭窄的分布情况及其程度,为临床提供了诊治依据。     

CT脑灌注与血管造影在急性缺血性脑卒中的临床应用与分析

目的探讨CT脑灌注(CTPI)与血管造影在急性缺血性脑卒中中的临床应用价值。方法选择29例急性缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象,采用东芝Aquilion 64排CT行头颈部CTA及CTPI检查,观察两者对急性缺血性脑卒中诊断情况,分析CTPI与CTA对急性缺血性脑卒中诊断的一致性。结果①29例患者CT灌注图上发现与临床症状相对应的灌注异常区共25例,阳性率为86.2%(25/29),高于普通CT扫描的27.6%(8/29),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。②灌注异常区的CBF、CBV、MTT三组参数值与镜像健侧相比差异有显著统计学意义(P0.05);③CTA血管检查结果发现单纯颈内动脉狭窄5处;单纯颅内动脉狭窄10处;颈内动脉及颅内动脉均狭窄4例。④病例组CTPI联合CTA检查结果比较,病例组存在责任血管的患者CTPI检查阳性率为65.51%(19/29)高于无责任血管者的20.69%(6/29),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CTPI与CTA可以清晰的显示缺血性脑卒中脑内病灶及责任动脉,能够提高更多有价值的信息。     

64层螺旋CT对头颈部血管病变的临床价值探讨

目的探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像对头颈部血管病变的临床价值。方法34例疑头颈部血管病变的患者行64层螺旋CT头颈部血管成像(CTA),扫描数据在ADW 4.3工作站用不同的后处理技术进行血管后重建。结果34例患者的双侧颈内动脉(ICA)、椎动脉(VA)、大脑前动脉(ACA)、大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑后动脉(PCA)及Willis环均能显示,共检出狭窄76段,闭塞2段,动脉瘤5例;血管异常起源3例,正常者14例。结论64层螺旋CT血管成像可以清晰显示头颈部血管病变,对临床诊疗起重要指导作用。     

多层螺旋CT诊断大面积脑梗死的应用价值

目的探讨螺旋CT对大面积脑梗死的诊断效果及应用价值。方法对在我院住院治疗的40例大面积脑梗死患者行多层螺旋CT平扫及CT血管造影(CTA),观察其诊断效果。结果 CT平扫初步诊断阳性率为55%,二次CT平扫复查阳性率为100%。CT表现为:22例为血管阻塞引起的大面积梗死,表现为片状低密度影,或表现浮云征、脑回征或假肿瘤征;12例为血栓脱落引起的大面积脑梗死,表现为大片状,低密度影,密度较均匀,边界较清楚,并且阴影沿血管走行;6例为外伤所致脑梗死,表现为在损伤基础上的大片状低密度影,且往往累及灰白质。CT血管造影示大脑前动脉严重狭窄或者闭塞患者7例,大脑中动脉严重狭窄或者闭塞患者18例,两动脉同时闭塞患者5例,颈内动脉末端闭塞2例,病变血管支配的脑实质范围比CT平扫所见梗死范围明显增大。结论多层螺旋CT平扫对大面积脑梗死诊断准确、省时,联合CT血管造影能够清楚显示病变血管狭窄程度及病变位置,为临床治疗提供有利依据,值得推广应用。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Modelling of movement of the lamprey: Control of oscillators

This article discusses the control methods of the central pattern generator (CPG). First a control model of the CPG is presented using 2 oscillators, and we suggest that phasic modulation to the CPG by means of phasic information is effective for controlling the phase difference between oscillators. Next, two models for controlling the CPG of a lamprey are proposed. One model describes a control system from the brain stem, in which the reticulospinal neurons control the CPG by receiving feedback signals and sending control signals to the neck region of the CPG. The other is a model for learning an localized control system to generate a desired motor pattern. By means of these models, a role of the efference copy is suggested.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

广西农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量状况调查

目的研究农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者的生活质量及影响因素。方法前瞻性的队列研究。采用随机分层抽样法分为农村壮族妇女精神分裂症组、农村汉族妇女精神分裂症组、农村正常妇女对照组,应用“世界卫生组织生存质量测定报告”(WHOQOL-100)及PANSS量表调查其生活质量和疾病的严重程度。结果农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量明显低于农村汉族妇女精神分裂症患者,影响其生活质量的相关因素是生活环境及精神支柱/个人信仰。结论经济贫困、环境条件、缺乏有效的医疗服务和社会保障是农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量低的关键。因此,建立农村壮族社区精神卫生服务网络势在必行。     

利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的：比较利培酮与氟哌啶醇对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法：对门诊72例服用氟哌啶醇及74例服用利培酮的精神分裂症患者用生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）、阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、副反应量表（TESS）进行评定。结果：利培酮组患者治疗后生活质量有所提高，而氟哌啶醇组患者生活质量有所下降。结论：利培酮治疗有利于患者提高生活质量。