联合引流治疗重型脑室出血的临床研究

目的 探讨重型脑室出血的有效治疗方法.方法 采用内科治疗加单侧脑室引流(45例)和内科治疗加双侧脑室置管引流结合腰穿脑脊液置换(45例)两种方法,对90例重型脑室出血的患者进行治疗.结果 双侧引流 腰穿组其治愈率(46%),总有效率(88.9%)及Barthel Indexes(BI)(90±15)分均明显高于内科疗法 单侧脑室引流(P＜0.05～0.01),并且其血肿清除时间(5～7 d)也明显短于单侧引流组(12～14 d).结论 双侧侧脑室置管引流 腰穿脑脊液置换是一种安全有效的治疗重型脑室出血的方法.     

单、双侧脑室引流治疗重度脑室出血的对比研究

目的探讨两种不同脑室引流方法治疗重度脑室出血的疗效。方法对35例重度脑室出血患者采用双侧侧脑室引流加终池置管持续引流脑脊液置换术(双侧引流组)治疗,另对32例重度脑室出血患者采用单侧侧脑室引流加腰穿放液脑脊液置换术(单侧引流组)治疗。结果双侧引流组总有效率、死亡率、脑室出血清除时间、生活能力评分与单侧引流组比较有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论双侧侧脑室引流加终池置管持续引流脑脊液置换术操作简便,疗效好,适合于重度脑室出血患者的治疗。     

不同微创方法治疗脑室铸型出血的疗效观察

目的　探讨两种不同脑室引流方法治疗脑室铸型出血的疗效。方法　对 2 9例脑室铸型出血患者采用双侧侧脑室水平位引流加腰穿脑脊液置换净化术 (双侧引流组 ) ,另对 2 9例仅采用单侧侧脑室引流术(单侧引流组 )。观察两组患者的临床疗效、血肿清除时间、生活能力评分。结果　双侧引流组总有效率、病死率、脑室出血清除时间、生活能力评分与单侧引流组比较有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1)。结论　双侧侧脑室水平位引流加腰穿脑脊液置换净化疗法操作简便、疗效好、无明显不良反应 ,适合于脑室铸型出血患者的治疗     

双侧脑室引流及脑脊液置换治疗脑室出血24例分析

目的 观察采用双侧侧脑室穿刺交替引流、尿激酶冲洗溶解血凝块结合腰穿脑脊液置换治疗脑室出血疗效.方法 在常规治疗的基础上,行双侧侧脑室额角穿刺术,采用双侧交替夹管与引流法,每日向脑室内注入尿激酶1～2次,术后第2天行脑脊液置换疗法,待脑室引流液澄清,CT复查脑室内高密度影消失,第三、四脑室、导水管通畅,试夹管24 h,临床症状无恶化可拔管.结果 所有病例均未发生明显脑室积水,治愈好转19例,死亡5例.结论 采用双侧侧脑室穿刺交替引流、尿激酶冲洗溶解血凝块结合腰穿脑脊液置换治疗脑室出血疗效满意,明显降低病死率,值得推广应用.     

脑室引流及脑脊液置换治疗重型脑室出血的临床分析

目的探讨重型脑室出血的有效治疗方法.方法采用单纯内科治疗(非手术组)和侧脑室引流并脑脊液置换并加内科治疗(手术组)治疗重型脑室出血.结果手术组血肿清除时间缩短,总有效率(86.7%)、治愈率(46.7%),明显高于非手术组(P＜0.01),而病死率低于非手术组(P＜0.01).结论侧脑室引流并脑脊液置换是一种治疗有效的治疗重型脑室出血的方法.     

侧脑室额角加枕角穿刺联合脑脊液置换治疗重型脑室出血31例临床报道

目的 探讨重型脑室出血行侧脑室额角加枕角穿刺引流联合脑脊液置换的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析31例重型脑室出血患者经侧脑室额角加枕角穿刺引流联合腑脊液置换的治疗经验.结果 显效16例,好转10例,有效率83.87%.结论 重型脑室出血患者经侧脑室额角加枕角穿刺引流联合脑脊液置换治疗效果良好,能有效改善预后,提高抢救成功率.     

钻颅行脑室外引流和腰椎置管脑脊液引流治疗破入脑室的高血压脑出血

目的探讨应用钻颅行脑室外引流和腰椎置管脑脊液引流治疗破入脑室高血压脑出血的安全性和有效性,提高抢救成功率,降低死亡率。方法 56例高血压、脑出血患者在局麻下采用自制的颅锥于床边行单侧脑室或双侧脑室前角锥孔后穿刺置管引流术,在术后5～6h将尿激酶1～2万单位加入生理盐水中稀释至4～5ml注入脑室并夹闭引流管,头部抬高30°,2～4h后开放引流管,每日2次。双侧引流则采用交替开放与夹闭引流。侧脑室引流3～7d后,腰椎置管引流脑脊液。结果患者恢复良好19例,中残14例,重残9例,死亡14例,死亡率25%。结论采用床边锥颅脑室引流和腰椎置管脑脊液引流抢救治疗破入脑室内高血压脑出血的方法,具有微创、快捷、方便、安全、有效等特点,可在基层医院开展。     

全脑室系统积血30例临床分析

目的总结双侧侧脑室引流、脑室内尿激酶灌洗和腰椎穿刺脑脊液置换治疗全脑室系统积血经验,提高对全脑室系统积血的救治水平。方法回顾性分析1998-01～2004-05以来的30例,采用侧脑室引流治疗全脑室系统积血患者的临床资料。结果30例全脑室系统积血存活19例(63.3%),死亡11例(36.7%),死亡分别为小脑出血2例,脑叶出血1例,基底节出血3例,丘脑出血4例,内囊出血1例。结论全脑室系统积血采用脑室引流、尿激酶灌洗、腰椎穿刺脑脊液置换是积极有效的治疗方法,同时综合治疗和密切监护不可忽视。     

超早期侧脑室外引流辅以尿激酶灌洗和腰穿置管持续引流治疗重型脑室出血的临床分析

目的探讨脑室出血的治疗方法,评估超早期侧脑室外引流辅以尿激酶灌洗和腰穿置管持续引流治疗重型脑室出血的效果。方法采用超早期侧脑室外引流辅以尿激酶灌洗和腰穿置管持续引流对21例重度脑室出血病例进行治疗,并与同期单纯行双侧脑室外引流辅以尿激酶21例比较。结果治疗组血性脑脊液澄清时间、第三、四脑室积血基本消失时间、格拉斯哥预后评分及术后6月日常生活能力均显著优于治疗组(P<0.05)。结论超早期侧脑室外引流辅以尿激酶灌洗和腰穿置管持续引流,能尽早清除第三、四脑室血肿,及早疏通脑脊液循环,快速廓清全脑室系统血肿,治疗脑室出血效果确切。     

全脑室系统积血30例临床分析

目的总结双侧侧脑室引流、脑室内尿激酶灌洗和腰椎穿刺脑脊液置换治疗全脑室系统积血经验，提高对全脑室系统积血的救治水平。方法回顾性分析1998-01-2004—05以来的30例，采用侧脑室引流治疗仝脑室系统积血患者的临床资料．结果30例全脑室系统积血存活19例（63，3％），死亡11例（36．7％），死亡分别为小脑出血2例，脑叶出血1例．基底节出血3例，丘脑出血4例，内囊出血1例。结论全脑室系统积血采用脑室引流、尿激酶灌洗、腰椎穿刺脑脊液置换是积极有效的治疗方法，同时综合治疗和密切监护不可忽视。     

内镜下脑室灌洗治疗脑室感染

目的 探讨软性神经内镜下脑室灌洗治疗脑室感染的效果.方法 自2007年2月至2009年11月,应用电子软性神经内镜对60例脑室感染患者行脑室灌洗治疗.结果 一次性内镜下脑室灌洗治愈脑室感染并成功去除脑室外引流或分流26例,占43%;内镜下脑室灌洗后继续脑室外引流并脑室内应用抗生素34例,占57%;脑室外引流时间为4-76 d,平均20.1 d.其中去除脑室外引流后仍有颅内压增高需再次脑室-腹腔分流者7例,占12%;死亡5例,均为广泛耐药的绿脓杆菌和真菌感染,死亡率8%.结论 脑室感染是神经外科临床中的一个棘手问题,软性神经内镜下脑室灌洗治疗脑室感染可提高治疗效果.     

A ventricular catheter guide for rapid and accurate ventricular access

A ventricular catheter guide for rapid and accurate percutaneous insertion of ventricular catheters into the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle is presented. It comprises a cylindrical platform with a removable guide tube that directs a surgical trajectory for passage of a narrow calibre twist drill and ventricular catheter, at right angles to all cranial contours within the frontal cranial quadrant. In clinical usage percutaneous ventriculostomy using the instrumentation and technique described can be completed within fifteen minutes with a single catheter passage through brain, and remain in situ for extended periods without evidence of infection on serial cerebrospinal fluid microbiological analysis.     

尿激酶全脑室系统冲洗治疗脑室出血

目的探讨大剂量尿激酶脑室内灌注，溶解脑室血肿的治疗效果方法2000年4月～2003年5月，我们对38例原发性高血压脑室出血的病人进行脑室、腰大池置管，建立外引流通道，大剂量尿激酶脑室内灌注治疗。结果术后l～4d脑室内血肿完全引出0，缩短了血肿吸收期。术后3～24h神志清醒达61％。出院时GOS评分：优良9例，轻残l5例，重残7例，植物生存3例，死亡4例。结论脑室、腰大池置管全脑室系统冲洗引流、大剂量尿激酶脑室内灌注治疗脑室血肿，效果满意。     

Autonomic nervous stimulation affects left ventricular relaxation more than left ventricular contraction

We studied the effects of stimulation of the vagal and also the sympathetic efferent cardiac nerves on left ventricular (LV) relaxation and contraction in 11 anesthetized, open-chest dogs. In each dog, we paced the ventricles at a fixed rate of 120 beats.min-1 and kept the systemic arterial pressure constant. The maximum rate of LV pressure decline, (dP/dt)min, and the time constant of LV isovolumic pressure decline, tau, were used as our indexes of LV relaxation. The maximum rate of LV pressure rise, (dP/dt)max, was used as our measure of LV contractility. Vagal stimulation decreased (dP/dt)min more than (dP/dt)max (P less than 0.01) when examined at frequencies that ranged from 2 to 12 Hz. Vagal stimulation at 12 Hz reduced (dP/dt)min by 26% (P less than 0.001) and increased tau by 57% (P less than 0.0001) but decreased (dP/dt)max by only 20%. Sympathetic stimulation, at frequencies that ranged from 2 to 12 Hz, increased (dP/dt)min more than (dP/dt)max (P less than 0.001). Sympathetic stimulation at 12 Hz increased (dP/dt)min by 130% (P less than 0.0001) whereas it increased (dP/dt)max by 60% (P less than 0.0001). Sympathetic stimulation at 12 Hz decreased tau by 74% (P less than 0.0001). Our studies suggest that cardiac autonomic nerve stimulation affects left ventricular relaxation more than left ventricular contraction.     

Fourth ventricular chordoid meningioma

The chordoid variant of meningioma is a histological subtype which carries with it a more aggressive clinical course and a propensity for recurrence. Similar to other meningioma subtypes, this lesion is encountered typically in the supratentorial compartment, often along the cerebral convexities. The chordoid meningioma subtype is found primarily in the adult population, and may occasionally be associated with the systemic manifestations of Castleman’s disease. We present an adult patient with a rare chordoid meningioma located within the fourth ventricle. This lesion was treated with gross total resection. Chordoid meningioma must be considered within the differential diagnosis of intraventricular tumors. This histological subtype of meningioma warrants close follow-up. The patient must also be evaluated for systemic manifestations of Castleman’s disease.     

En-plaque ventricular ependymoma.

An extremely unusual case demonstrating rare behaviour of an ependymoma is presented. The tumour spread in an en-plaque fashion and involved the ependymal lining of the entire ventricular system. The patient, a 56-year-old male, presented with symptoms of raised intracranial pressure and truncal ataxia. The management issues are analyzed on the basis of a brief literature survey.     

持续脑室外引流并发脑室感染因素分析

脑室感染是持续脑室引流术后神经外科常见并发症。有人统计,脑室外引流术后并发脑室感染者是未行脑室引流的9.4倍[1]。我院从1995年3月￣2005年3月期间行持续脑室外引流387例,感染23例,现回顾分析如下。一、资料与方法1.一般资料:持续脑室外引流387例,其中男213例,女174例;年龄     

Multiple fourth ventricular hydatidosis

Hydatid disease caused by ingestion of eggs of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus is endemic in the Middle East, Mediterranean countries, South America, North Africa and Australia.¹ Infratentorial occurrence of hydatid cyst is rare. We present a report of an extremely rare case of multiple exclusive fourth ventricular hydatid cysts, both primary and secondary, and discuss problems with the diagnosis and management of this condition.