草酸艾司西酞普兰联合拉莫三嗪治疗儿童癫痫合并抑郁症的疗效及安全性

目的探讨草酸艾司西酞普兰联合拉莫三嗪(LTG)治疗儿童癫痫合并抑郁症的疗效与安全性。方法将82例癫痫合并抑郁症患儿随机分为观察组与对照组,各41例,对照组予以LTG治疗,观察组予以LTG联合草酸艾司西酞普兰治疗8周。比较两组抗癫痫疗效,并评价汉密尔顿抑郁量表24项(HAMD-24)和不良反应症状量表(TESS)评分。结果观察组的治疗总有效率显著高于对照组的(95.12%vs 78.05%,P0.05);治疗2、4、6、8周后,观察组的HAMD-24评分显著低于对照组(P0.05),但两组TESS评分及不良反应率无明显差异(P0.05)。结论草酸艾司西酞普兰联合LTG能够有效控制儿童癫痫发作并改善抑郁症状,安全性好。     

艾司西酞普兰单用与合用氨磺必利治疗重性抑郁症的疗效和安全性

目的 探讨氨磺必利合用艾司西酞普兰治疗重性抑郁症的有效性和安全性.方法 80例重性抑郁症患者随机分为艾司西酞普兰组(对照组)和艾司西酞普兰合用氨磺必利组(研究组)各40例,疗程8周.于治疗前和治疗后第1、2、4、8周末采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定疗效,采用不良事件和实验室检查评价安全性.结果 两组治疗后第8周末缓解率分别为57.9％和64.9％,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.384,P＞0.05).两组HAMD评分治疗后均较治疗前显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).研究组在治疗后第1、2周末HAMD评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.91,2.72;P＜0.05).两组不良反应均轻微,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 艾司西酞普兰合用氨磺必利治疗重性抑郁症起效更快.     

艾司西酞普兰合并无抽搐电休克治疗自杀未遂抑郁症疗效观察

目的 探讨艾司西酞普兰合并无抽搐电休克（MECT）治疗自杀未遂抑郁症患者的疗效.方法 将68例自杀未遂的抑郁症患者随机分为研究组35例和对照组33例,研究组予以艾司西酞普兰合并MECT治疗,对照组单用艾司西酞普兰治疗,共观察28 d,分别于治疗前及治疗后第3、7、14、21、28天予以汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项（HAMD-17）和贝克自杀意念量表（BSI）评定.结果 研究组HAMD、BSI评分在治疗后第3天起即较治疗前显著下降（P＜0.05）,而对照组则在治疗后第7天起较治疗前显著下降（P＜0.05）.研究组在治疗后各个评分点HAMD、BSI评分均低于对照组（P均＜0.05）.结论 艾司西酞普兰合并MECT治疗自杀未遂抑郁症患者疗效确切,起效快,优于单用艾司西酞普兰治疗.     

表达性艺术治疗对抑郁症残留症状疗效随机对照研究

目的 探讨艾司西酞普兰合并表达性艺术治疗对于抑郁症残留症状的疗效.方法 60例单用艾司西酞普兰治疗6周后存在残留症状的抑郁症患者被随机分为研究组（n=30）和对照组（n=30）,分别给予为期4周的艾司西酞普兰合并表达性艺术治疗和单用艾司西酞普兰治疗.在基线期和4周末采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（Hamilton DepressionScale-17,HAMD-17）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA）评定疗效.结果 基线期研究组和对照组HAMD-17、HAMA评分无统计学差异（P＞0.05）;治疗后第4周末,研究组HAMD-17减分显著高于对照组（P =0.009）,研究组HAMA减分显著高于对照组（P =0.000）.结论 艾司西酞普兰合并表达性艺术治疗较单用艾司西酞普兰能更好地改善抑郁症的残留症状.     

艾司西酞普兰联合团体人际心理治疗对老年抑郁症患者社会功能及生活质量的影响

目的探讨艾司西酞普兰联合团体人际心理治疗对老年抑郁症患者社会功能及生活质量的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将84例符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)抑郁发作和复发性抑郁障碍诊断标准的患者分为研究组和对照组各42例,两组均接受艾司西酞普兰治疗,研究组在此基础上接受每周一次的团体人际心理治疗,两组均治疗12周。于治疗前和治疗12周末采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版(HAMD-17)、社会功能缺陷量表(SDSS)和生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)进行评定。结果治疗后两组HAMD-17和SDSS评分均较治疗前低,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01);研究组HAMD-17和SDSS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01);两组GQOLI-74评分均较治疗前高,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01);治疗后研究组GQOLI-74总评分、社会功能和心理功能维度评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01)。结论艾司西酞普兰联合团体人际心理治疗较单用艾司西酞普兰可能更有助于改善老年抑郁症患者的抑郁症状和社会功能,提高其生活质量。     

艾司西酞普兰与奥氮平对老年抑郁症外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的探讨艾司西酞普兰与奥氮平对老年抑郁症外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法选取100例老年抑郁患者为研究对象,随机分为奥氮平组(n=50)和艾司西酞普兰组(n=50)。奥氮平组给予奥氮平(5mg/d),艾司西酞普兰组给予艾司西酞普兰(5mg/d)。选取50例健康人群为对照组。比较各组T淋巴细胞亚群、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、副作用量表(TESS)评分及临床疗效。结果老年抑郁症患者CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+均显著降低,CD8+显著升高,与对照组相比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,艾司西酞普兰组CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+均显著升高,CD8+显著降低,与奥氮平组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后1周、2周,艾司西酞普兰组HAMD评分显著低于奥氮平组,2组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。奥氮平组与艾司酞普兰组有效率比较差异无统计学意义(86.0%vs 90.0%,P0.05)。2组TESS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论艾司西酞普兰片可有效调节老年抑郁症患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群比例,其效果优于奥氮平。奥氮平与艾司西酞普兰治疗老年抑郁症的临床疗效相似。     

艾司西酞普兰合并奥氮平治疗难治性抑郁症疗效观察

目的 探讨艾司西酞普兰合并奥氮平对难治性抑郁症的临床疗效.方法 将55例难治性抑郁症患者随机分为研究组(艾司西酞普兰合并奥氮平)和对照组(单用艾司西酞普兰),疗程为12周,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定临床疗效,副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应.结果 治疗结束后,两组HAMD评分较治疗前均有显著性降低(P＜0.05).治疗后第8、12周末,研究组的HAMD评分显著低于对照组,且差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).两组副作用均较小,研究组仅在体重增加、嗜睡方面较对照组高,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论 艾司西酞普兰合并奥氮平治疗难治性抑郁症能明显提高疗效,安全可靠.     

艾司西酞普兰联合心理治疗对首次抑郁发作的影响

目的探讨艾司西酞普兰联合心理治疗对首次抑郁发作的临床疗效。方法选取在山东省精神卫生中心门诊治疗的符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)中的首次抑郁发作诊断标准的患者120例,随机分为研究组和对照组各60例,研究组给予艾司西酞普兰联合心理治疗,对照组给予艾司西酞普兰治疗。共观察24周。于治疗前、治疗后第2、8、24周末采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HRSD)进行评定,比较治疗后24周末两组总有效率;并于2年后电话随访,比较两组复发率。结果治疗2、8周末HRSD评分研究组均低于同时点对照组[(21.03±4.89)分vs.(25.57±4.37)分,(9.60±4.22)分vs.(21.52±2.72)分,P0.05或0.01];24周末研究组痊愈率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(60.0%vs.56.7%,χ2=0.14,P0.05);2年末电话随访研究组复发率低于对照组(31.7%vs.61.7%,χ2=10.85,P0.01)。结论艾司西酞普兰联合心理治疗对首次抑郁发作疗效优于单纯艾司西酞普兰治疗,复发率低。     

艾司西酞普兰与舍曲林治疗伴焦虑症状抑郁症患者疗效比较

目的:比较艾司西酞普兰与舍曲林治疗伴焦虑症状的抑郁症疗效和安全性. 方法:76例符合入组标准的患者随机分为艾司西酞普兰组和盐酸舍曲林组各38例,疗程6周.用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定疗效,采用治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定安全性.结果:两组HAMD、HAMA评分均较治疗前显著降低(P＜0.01),以艾司西酞普兰组HAMD、HAMA评分在治疗1周时降分显著低于盐酸舍曲林组(t=-2.839,-2.862;P ＜0.01),其余各周差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).艾司西酞普兰组与舍曲林组不良反应发生率分别为39.5％和42.1％ (P＞0.05).结论:艾司西酞普兰与舍曲林治疗伴焦虑症状的抑郁症疗效相当,但艾司西酞普兰起效更快.     

艾司西酞普兰联合层级护理模式治疗伴焦虑的抑郁障碍患者研究

目的:探讨艾司西酞普兰联合层级护理模式治疗伴焦虑的抑郁障碍患者的临床疗效。方法:将84例伴焦虑的抑郁障碍患者随机分为干预组(42例)和对照组(42例),干预组采用艾司西酞普兰联合层级护理模式治疗,对照组给予艾司西酞普兰合并常规护理治疗,治疗6周。治疗前、治疗后1、2及6周进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)以及世界卫生组织生存量表(WHOQL-BREF)评分,比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果:治疗6周末,干预组总有效率为90.48%,对照组为85.71%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。干预组HAMD-17评分和HAMA评分治疗后2周分别为(12.65±3.41)和(12.67±8.13)均低于对照组[分别为(17.40±4.40)和(16.50±4.40)],差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。干预组和对照组治疗前后WHOQL-BREF评分分别为(54.35±6.63)和(56.85±6.81)分,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:艾司西酞普兰联合层级护理模式治疗伴焦虑的抑郁障碍起效更快。     

Satisfaction with quality of life varies with temperament types of patients with schizophrenia

We sought to explore the relationships of three temperament factors with domain-specific subjective quality of life (QOL) of patients with schizophrenia. Ninety patients with schizophrenia were evaluated using the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale, the Distress Scale for Adverse Symptoms, the Insight and Treatment Attitudes Questionnaire, the Insight Self-Report Scale, and standardized questionnaires for self-reported emotional distress and stress process-related variables. Predictors of domain-specific QOL were identified using multiple regression techniques. Temperament factors explain 6% to 16% of variability in QOL domain scores among patients with schizophrenia after controlling for the remaining variables (emotional distress, social support, self-esteem, avoidance coping, age, side effects, and depression). We found that higher levels of novelty seeking are associated with better general QOL, physical health, and more positive subjective feelings, whereas higher levels of reward dependence are related to better satisfaction from social relationships. Higher levels of harm avoidance are associated with poorer satisfaction with general activities, and medication. Thus, temperament factors, as assessed by the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, substantially influence satisfaction with life quality in schizophrenia. Novelty seeking, reward dependence, and harm avoidance are associated with different domains of QOL.     

Compliance with health regimens of adolescents with epilepsy

The purpose of this paper was to describe the compliance of adolescents with epilepsy and some factors connected to it. Altogether 300 individuals with epilepsy aged 13-17 years were randomly selected from the Finnish Social Insurance Institution's register. Every fifth person on the list was included in the sample. Seventy-seven per cent (n= 232) of the selected adolescents with epilepsy returned a questionnaire sent to them relating to compliance. The data were analysed using the SPSS software. Twenty-two per cent of the adolescents with epilepsy felt that they complied fully with their suggested health regimens, while 44% placed themselves in the category of "satisfactory compliance", and the remaining 34% reported poor compliance. Compliance with their recommended life-style was poorest, while the highest degree of compliance was recorded for medication. Background variables, such as the duration of the disease, exercise, smoking, alcohol-intake and the number of seizures, were statistically significantly related to compliance (P< 0.001). Good motivation, a strong sense of normality, experience of results, subjective outcome, energy and will-power, support from parents, physicians and nurses, and a positive attitude towards to the disease and its treatment, no threat to social and emotional well-being and no fears of complications and no fear of seizures explained good compliance (P< 0.001).     

Treatment of patients with tardive dystonia with olanzapine

Tardive dystonia represents a complication of long-term use of neuroleptics and its treatment is often unsatisfactory. Atypical neuroleptics appear to improve tardive dystonia, and cases of tardive dystonia successfully managed with clozapine have been reported. The aim of this open-label video-blinded study was to evaluate the antidystonic efficacy of olanzapine, a new atypical neuroleptic with a low risk of agranulocytosis, in a group of four patients (one man and three women) with tardive cervical dystonia. They developed severe dystonia after several years of neuroleptic treatment. Extensive laboratory evaluations, as well as neurophysiologic and neuroradiologic investigations, were negative. Olanzapine was started at a dose of 5 mg/d and increased up to 7.5 mg/d. All patients were evaluated at baseline and after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment, using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale, and videotaped. At the end of the trial, the videotapes were reviewed and scored by a blind observer. A self-rating visual analog scale completed the disability evaluation.A moderate to marked improvement in dystonia was observed in all patients, and significant differences were observed in Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale scores and videotape ratings after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment compared with the basal values (p < 0.05). The average percentage of improvement in Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale score and visual analog scale was 26.4% and 42.6%, respectively. No serious side effects were reported at the maximum dosage reached (7.5 mg/d). This study warrants a larger controlled study to conclusively demonstrate the efficacy of olanzapine in tardive dystonia.     

Factors associated with stigmatization of persons with mental illness

Stigmatization of individuals with mental illnesses is widespread and serves as a major barrier to treatment. In a survey of 116 undergraduates, the authors examined the impact of diagnosis, attitudes about treatment, and psychiatric terminology on stigma associated with mental illness. Stigmatization of schizophrenia was significantly higher than stigmatization of depression. More positive attitudes toward treatment were associated with significantly less stigma. However, psychiatric terminology had no impact on attitudes toward mental illness. Significantly less stigmatization of mental illness was found among females than among males. Reducing the stigmatization of mental illness continues to be an important goal for mental health professionals.