轻微精神病综合征患者临床特征的初步观察

目的 调查轻微精神病综合征(attenuated psychosis syndrome,APS)患者的精神病理学症状和社会功能特征.方法 在全国7家研究中心筛选入组76例APS患者(APS组),同期在社区招募62名健康对照者(对照组).采用精神病风险症状量表(Scale of Psychosis-Risk Symptoms,SOPS)、蒙哥马利-艾森伯格抑郁量表(Montgomery-(A)sberg Depression Rating Scale,MADRS)和功能整体评定量表(Global Assessment of Functioning,GAF)评估APS患者的精神病风险症状、抑郁症状和社会功能,并与对照组进行比较,探讨临床特征及相互关系.结果 APS组与对照组相比,SOPS总分[(26.25 ±11.73)分与(1.48±1.66)分]和分量表评分[阳性症状:(8.75±3.69)分与(0.31±0.56)分,阴性症状:(8.06±6.15)分与(0.33±0.59)分,瓦解症状:(3.67±2.84)分与(0.36±0.66)分,一般症状:(5.76±3.40)分与(0.48±0.67)分],以及MADRS评分[(12.42 ±9.39)分与(0.39±0.98)分]和GAF评分[(62.28±13.25)分与(88.61±4.74)分]之间的差异均有统计学意义(Z=10.08、10.29、9.19、8.10、8.93、9.69、9.94,均P＜0.01).APS最常见的精神病风险症状是思维内容异常(68.4％,52/76)、猜疑被害观念(56.6％,43/76)和心境烦躁(48.7％,37/76).51.3％ (39/76)的APS患者伴发抑郁症状,并与阴性症状(r=0.444)和一般症状(r=0.571)呈正相关(均P＜0.01).GAF与精神病风险症状(r=-0.377～-0.700)和抑郁症状(r=-0.370)呈负相关(均P＜0.01).多元线性回归分析显示,阳性风险症状(t=-3.19,P=0.002)和阴性风险症状(t=-3.81,P＜0.01)对GAF的预测作用具有统计学意义.结论 阳性风险症状、阴性风险症状和社会功能损害是APS的3个主要核心症状,抑郁症状和其他非特异性症状也较常见.     

精神分裂症患者共情能力与社会功能

目的：比较稳定期精神分裂症患者与正常对照者的共情能力,探讨患者共情能力与社会功能的关系。方法：采用人际反应指针量表（IRI-C）对103例稳定期精神分裂症患者（患者组）和88名正常对照者（对照组）进行评估,比较二者的共情能力;同时采用社会功能缺陷筛选量表（SDSS）、个体和社会功能量表（PSP）及阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）对患者组进行评估。结果：患者组IRI-C共情性关心分及共情总分平均为（14.7±4.0）分和（44.2±11.3）分,均较对照组的（16.0±4.5）分和（46.3±11.9）分显著为低（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）。控制年龄、症状后的IRI-C与SDSS偏相关分析显示,患者组IRI-C共情性关心分与SDSS中社会性退缩分（r=-0.421,P〈0.01）、责任心和计划性分（r=-0.344,P〈0.05）及总分（r=-0.335,P〈0.05）分别呈负相关。控制症状后的IRI-C与PSP偏相关分析显示,患者组IRI-C观点采摘分（r=0.288,P〈0.01）、共情性关心分（r=0.301,P〈0.01）及IRI-C总分（r=0.268,P〈0.01）与PSP总分均呈正相关。结论：精神分裂症患者存在共情能力障碍,其共情能力与其社会功能存在正相关。     

首发抑郁症患者神经质人格与抑郁状态 以及认知功能的关系

目的 探索首发抑郁症患者神经质人格、抑郁症状以及认知功能的关系。方法 使用汉 密尔顿抑郁量表17 项（HAMD-17）、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）、韦氏成人智能测验（WAIS-RC）对156 例首发 抑郁症患者进行测评和研究。结果 （1）抑郁症患者神经质人格与HAMD-17 总分呈正相关（r=0.301， P＜0.01），与言语商数分（r=-0.276，P＜0.01）、操作商数分（r=-0.205，P＜0.05）、韦氏总分（r=-0.256，P＜0.01） 呈负相关；HAMD-17 总分与言语商数分（r=-0.426，P＜ 0.01）、操作商数分（r=-0.330，P＜ 0.01）和韦氏总 分（r=-0.376，P ＜ 0.01）呈负相关。（2）抑郁症状在神经质人格影响韦氏测验分数中起到部分中介作用， 其中介效应为38.7%。结论 首发抑郁症患者神经质人格通过抑郁症状进而影响部分认知功能。     

抑郁症患者家属的社会支持及家庭功能研究

目的:探讨抑郁症患者家属感知的的社会支持和家庭功能特征。方法:采用社会支持量表(MSPSS)和家庭功能量表(FAD)对50例抑郁症患者的家属(抑郁症患者家属组)及50名正常人(对照组)进行调查。结果:①抑郁症患者家属组MSPSS评分中的社会支持总分(45.1±11.8)分明显高于正常对照组(25.5±9.7)分,两组间比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05);②抑郁症患者家属组的FAD评定除情感卷入维度外,其他5个维度(问题解决、交流、角色、情感反应、行为控制)和总体功能均在不健康家庭功能范围之内;并与社会支持均呈正相关[问题解决(r=0.228,P<0.05),交流(r=0.250,P<0.05),角色(r=0.209,P<0.05),情感反应(r=0.291,P<0.01),行为控制(r=0.289,P<0.01)和总体功能(r=0.217,P<0.05)]。结论:抑郁症患者家属体验到社会支持程度较低,家庭功能有缺陷;社会支持可能影响到家庭功能。     

工作记忆在重性抑郁症患者社会功能损害中的中介作用

目的 探讨抑郁症患者工作记忆对社会功能影响的中介作用。方法 本研究为横断面 观察研究,连续纳入北京安定医院 2017 年 6 月至 2018 年 8 月符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第Ⅳ版 （DSM-Ⅳ）诊断标准的抑郁症患者 149 例,采用患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）、席汉残疾量表（SDS）、自定顺序指 示任务（SOPT,包括总点击次数）分别评估其抑郁严重程度、社会功能和工作记忆,利用层次回归模型 检验工作记忆在抑郁严重程度和社会功能之间的中介作用。结果 （1）PHQ-9 总分与 SDS 总分呈正相 关（r=0.41,P＜ 0.01）,与 SOPT 总点击次数呈正相关（r=0.19,P＜ 0.05）,SDS 总分与 SOPT 总点击次数呈正 相关（r=0.16,P＜ 0.05）。（2）层次回归模型结果及 bootstrap 结果显示,SOPT 总点击次数在 PHQ-9总分与 SDS 总分存在部分的中介作用,中介效应占比为 4.09%。结论 抑郁症患者的社会功能的确受到工作记 忆的中介作用影响,但只是部分的中介效应。     

首发精神分裂症精神病未治期对认知功能和社会功能的影响

目的探讨首发精神分裂症精神病未治期(duration of untreated psychosis,DUP)对认知功能和社会功能的影响。方法纳入首发且DUP≤2年的精神分裂症患者93例和正常对照93名。采用阳性和阴性症状量表(positive and negative symptoms scale,PANSS)评定患者的临床病理症状,Matrics公认认知成套测验(Matrics consensus cognitive battery,MCCB)评定所有被试认知功能,个人和社会功能量表(personal and social performance scale,PSP)和功能大体评定量表(global assessment function scale,GAF)评定所有被试社会功能。结果精神分裂症组在连线测验、符号编码、范围流畅性测验、Stroop色词测验、持续操作测验、空间广度、霍普金斯言语记忆测验-修订版(Hopkins verbal learning test-revised,HVLT-R)、简易视觉空间记忆测验(brief-visuospatial memory test-revised,BVMT-R)和迷宫测验方面的得分均低于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。精神分裂症组的GAF得分和PSP得分均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。精神分裂症患者DUP与HVLT-R2(r=-0.265,P=0.010)和BVMT-R3(r=-0.328,P=0.001)分别呈负相关,DUP与GAF(r=-0.292,P=0.005)和PSP(r=-0.397,P0.001)得分分别呈负相关。结论首发精神分裂症患者存在社会功能和广泛的认知功能损害,且DUP越长,患者的认知功能和社会功能越差。     

门诊随访与长期住院精神分裂症患者个人和社会功能的对照研究

目的探讨门诊随访与长期住院的精神分裂症患者的个人和社会功能差异及影响因素。方法选取门诊随访和长期住院的精神分裂症患者各63例,分别纳入门诊组和住院组,采用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）以及个体和社会功能量表（PSP）进行评定并进行相关性分析。结果住院组患者PANSS总分及各因子分均高于门诊组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,且两组患者的阴性症状分均高于阳性症状分。门诊组患者的PSP总分为（71．17±11．40）分,高于住院组的（50．75±11．61）分,差异有统计学意义（F=46．76,P=0．00）;门诊组PANSS总分、阳性总分、阴性总分、一般精神病理总分与PSP总分呈负相关（r分别为-0．84,-0．57,-0．78,-0．75;P〈0．01）;住院组PANSS总分、阴性症状分、一般精神病理总分与PSP总分呈负相关（r分别为-0．58,-0．53,-0．50;P〈0．01）,阳性总分与PSP总分无相关性（r=-0．13,P=0．32）。结论长期住院不利于精神分裂症患者个人和社会功能的康复;建立社区康复可能有效延缓精神残疾的发生。     

首发与复发抑郁症患者社会功能状况及影响因素分析

目的:探讨首发与复发抑郁症患者社会功能差异及其影响因素。方法:对首发抑郁症患者(首发组,57例)及复发抑郁症患者(复发组,60例)进行简明国际神经精神访谈(MINI)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版本(HAMD-17)、Sheehan残疾评定量表(SDS)、家庭功能量表(FAD)、领悟社会支持评定量表(PSSS)评估,比较两组社会功能,分析影响社会功能的因素。结果:首发组与复发组SDS评分差异无统计学意义;SDS总分与患者年龄呈负相关(r=-0.205,P=0.026),与HAMD-17总分呈正相关(r=0.623,P0.01),与FAD中各维度评分呈正相关(r=0.187~0.400,P0.05或P0.01);多元线性回归分析显示HAMD-17评分及FAD的情感反应维度进入方程。结论:首发与复发抑郁症患者均有社会功能损害;患者抑郁程度以及其家庭成员间情感反应情况是其社会功能损害的重要因素。     

激励模式对社区精神分裂症患者社会功能的影响

目的 探讨激励模式对社区精神分裂症患者社会功能的影响.方法 400例精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组（200例）和对照组（200例）,研究组患者在药物干预的基础上以激励模式干预2年,对照组患者仅给予药物干预.入组时和入组后每3个月使用阳性和阴性综合征量表（PANSS）评定疾病严重程度,以个人和社会功能量表（PSP）评定社会功能.结果 研究结束时研究组PANSS总分及各分量表评分比入组时显著降低（P＜0.05）,研究组PANSS总分及各分量表评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）.与入组时比较,研究结束时研究组PSP总分显著升高,各分量表评分均显著降低（P＜0.05）.研究结束时研究组PSP总分显著高于对照组,各分量表评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 激励模式能够改善社区精神分裂症患者的病情与社会功能.     

稳定期精神分裂症患者精神症状、认知功能与社会功能的相关性

目的探讨稳定期精神分裂症患者认知功能、精神症状与社会功能的相关性,以进一步了解社会功能的影响因素。方法以连续入组的方式,在罗定市第三人民医院入组符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第4版)》(DSM-Ⅳ)精神分裂症诊断标准的稳定期患者116例。采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、精神分裂症认知功能成套测验共识版(MCCB)及个人和社会功能量表(PSP)分别评定患者的精神症状、认知功能及社会功能。采用线性回归及Logistic回归分析PSP、工作/学习、婚姻状态的影响因素。结果线性回归分析显示,PANSS阴性症状与PSP评分呈负相关(B=-0.323,P=0.004),加工速度、言语学习与记忆、社会认知与PSP评分呈正相关(B=0.270,0.243,0.141,P0.05或0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示阴性症状是工作/学习、婚姻的危险因素(OR=0.863,0.891,P均0.05),加工速度是其保护因素(OR=1.125,1.060,P0.05或0.01)。结论稳定期精神分裂症患者的社会功能可能与阴性症状、加工速度、言语学习与记忆、社会认知密切相关。     

赌博相关认知量表中文版在大学生中的信效度检验

目的观察赌博相关认知量表中文版（GRCS—C）在大学生人群中的适用性。方法采取整群抽样的方法共抽取1787名大学生进行调查,并以赌博冲动量表（GUS—C）、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表（DASS-21）为效标,检验效标效度,其中96名学生4周后用GRcs—C重测。结果GRCS—C总量表的Cronbach’sa系数为0．934,各分量表的“系数在0．673～0．839;量表分半信度在0．706～0．880,4周后的重测信度在0．728～0．900,23个条目间的平均相关系数为0．398,5个分量表的条目间平均相关系数在0．371～0．553。验证性因素分析显示GRCS—C二阶五因素结构模型拟合最好（x^2/df=12．305,GFI-0．867,NFI-0．867,IFI=0．877,RMSEA=0．080）。赌博相关认知量表（GRCS—C）总分及其分量表和GUS—C总分的相关系数在0．256～0．357,与DASS-21总分及其分量表的相关系数在0．124-0．207（P〈0．01）。在赌博相关认知总分及4个分量表（赌博期待、无力戒毒、控制错觉和解释偏差）得分上男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论GRCS--C具有较好的信度和效度,可以在国内大学生群体研究中采用。     

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: The Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) is a valid tool to assess depression in schizophrenics and has been translated, adapted, and validated to be used in different non-English languages. Therefore, it may be predicted that a Spanish version of this scale will be also a valid instrument to assess symptoms of depression in patients with schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE: We determined the validity of the Spanish version of the Calgary scale (CDSS-S). METHODS: Outpatients and inpatients (n=93) diagnosed as having schizophrenia by DSM-IV criteria confirmed by SCID-IV interview were included. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17 and HDRS-21 items), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale (ESRS), and Barnes Acathisia Rating Scale were administered by a first rater, whereas the CDSS-S was assessed by a second independent rater. RESULTS: The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.83) and the interrater reliability (>0.73 intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] for single items and 0.92 for total score) were good. The test-retest reliability was high (ICC of 0.89). The scale showed a good construct validity with statistically significant correlations with HDRS-17, HDRS-21, MADRS, and G6 item (depression) of PANSS. The CDSS showed no correlation with the positive subscale of PANSS and a weak correlation with the negative subscale, general psychopathology subscale, and total score of PANSS. A cut point of five showed 94.7% sensitivity, 86.5% specificity, and 70% and 98% positive and negative predictive values, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of CDSS is a valid instrument to assess depressive episodes for stabilized and acute patients with schizophrenia.     

Development of the Bipolar Inventory of Symptoms Scale: concurrent validity, discriminant validity and retest reliability

Scales used in studies of bipolar disorder have generally been standardized with major depressive or hospitalized manic patients. A clinician rated scale based on a semi-structured interview for persons with bipolar disorder, with comprehensive coverage of bipolar symptomatology, is needed. We report concurrent, divergent and convergent psychometric reliability, discriminant validity and relationship to a measure of overall function for a new psychometric rating instrument. A primarily outpatient sample of 224 subjects was assessed using the Bipolar Inventory of Symptoms Scale (BISS). The BISS total score and depression and mania subscales were compared to the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). Clinical mood states were also compared using the BISS. The BISS scores demonstrated good concurrent validity, with estimates (Pearson correlations) ranging from 0.74 to 0.94 for YMRS and MADRS and test-retest reliability from 0.95 to 0.98. BISS concurrent validity with the GAF was significant for four clinical states, but not mixed states. The BISS discriminated primary bipolar mood states as well as subjects recovered for eight weeks compared to healthy controls. In conclusion, the BISS is a reliable and valid instrument broadly applicable in clinical research to assess the comprehensive domains of bipolar disorder. Future directions include factor analysis and sensitivity to change from treatment studies.     

Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia: a study of the validity of a French-language version in a population of schizophrenic patients

The Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) is a nine-item structured interview scale developed by Addington et al. to assess depression in schizophrenics. This paper describes the testing of the reliability and validity of the French version of the CDSS in a population of 70 schizophrenic patients. The validity of the CDSS as a measure of depression was confirmed; a single factor accounted for 41 % of the variance of the nine items. The total score on the CDSS was strongly correlated with those on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and also the G6 item (depression) of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The correlation with the Psychomotor Retardation Scale (ERD) total score was much less significant and was better with the ‘subjective’ subscore. The internal consistency was good, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.79. A high level of inter-rater reliability was observed (weighted kappa values were >0.75 in all cases). The CDSS has a lower stability over time than other depression scales. It is a simple, quick and reliable scale for assessing depression in schizophrenic populations.     

中文版剑桥人格解体量表的信度和效度检验

目的 翻译英文版剑桥人格解体量表（CDS）并对中文版CDS进行信、效度检验.方法 对119例健康受试者分别间隔2、3、4周进行CDS测验以计算其重测信度;临床医生按DSM-IV-TR诊断标准对76例门诊患者做出诊断,之后进行CDS测验,计算测验的重测信度、内部一致性、折半信度和效标关联效度、结构效度.结果 中文版CDS重测信度中等（0.651）,内部一致性和分半信度良好（Cronbach＇s α系数为0.938,Guttman折半信度为0.957）,效标关联效度良好（Mann-WhitneyZ值为-6.059,P＜0.001）,项目-总分相关系数从0.321～0.777,均达到显著性,结构效度尚可.结论 中文版CDS具有良好的信、效度,可以很好地评定人格解体症状.     

暴力危险性筛查量表中文版在精神分裂症患者中的信度与效度研究

目的：引入暴力危险性筛查量表（violenceriskscreening-10,V—RISK-10）,对V—RISK-10中文版在精神分裂症患者中的信度与效度进行检验。方法：对英文版V—RISK-10进行翻译和修订,以109例精神分裂症患者为评估对象,完成一般情况调查表、V—RISK-10中文版、卫生部危险性评估、修订版外显行为攻击量表（MOAS）的测评。其中14例患者由2位评估者独立评估V—RISK-10中文版,49例患者2周后重测V—RISK．10中文版。结果：V—RISK-10中文版9个条目的鉴别力良好,内部一致性系数0．833（P〈0．01）。评分者信度（斯皮尔曼等级相关系数：r=0．655—0．899）、重测信度（Kappa=0．536—1．000）较好（P〈0．ol或P〈0．05）。V—RISK．10中文版中7个条目得分与其综合评定建议分级（Kendal和谐系数为0．387～0．685）、危险性评估分级（Kendal和谐系数为0．319～0．618）、MOAS总分（皮尔逊相关系数：,=0,301～0．585）均显著正性相关（P均〈0．01）;关联效度理想。结论：V—RISK-10中文版在精神分裂症患者中的信度与关联效度良好。     

护士使用简易老年焦虑问卷筛查老年广泛性焦虑障碍的信效度

目的评价护士使用中文版简易老年焦虑问卷（Geriatric Anxiety Inventory—Short Form,GAI--SF）用于筛查老年焦虑时的信度和效度。方法某综合医院门诊就诊的老年人97名为研究对象,由护士进行GAI—SF问卷及汉密尔顿焦虑量表（Hamilton Anxiety Scale,HAMA）评定,并且由两名精神科主治医师根据ICD-10广泛性焦虑障碍诊断标准进行诊断性面谈。计算组内相关系数考察评定者抑制性,计算克朗巴赫-α系数评价问卷内部一致性;计算两次测量得分相关系数考评问卷的重测信度,采用主成分分析方法考评问卷结构效度;通过GAI—SF与HAMA的相关分析来考评问卷的效标效度;以临床标准为参考标准,根据ROC曲线下面积（Area Under Curve,AUC）来判断GAI—SF的区分效度以及划定问卷的划界分。结果（1）信度：GAI—SF问卷总分评定者组内相关系数为0．73,表明评定者一致性较好,总克朗巴赫-α系数为0．87,表明问卷内部一致性好。间隔15d两次测量问卷评分相关系数为0．78,说明问巷具有较好的重测信度。（2）效度：主成分分析结果显示,问卷的每个条目都在主因子上有较高的负荷值（0．501～0．670）,说明问卷结构效度良好;GAI—SF与HAMA之间的相关系数为r=0．60,P〈0．05,说明问卷具有较好的校标效度。以临床评估标准为参考在区分焦虑问题时界值分为≥3时灵敏度为70．4％,特异度为75．0％,AUC为0．73。结论GAI—SF中文译本具有较好的信度和效度,能够区分老年广泛性焦虑问题;可使用该问卷筛查社区老年广泛性焦虑障碍。     

Development and reliability of a structured interview guide for the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (SIGMA)

BACKGROUND: The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is often used in clinical trials to select patients and to assess treatment efficacy. The scale was originally published without suggested questions for clinicians to use in gathering the information necessary to rate the items. Structured and semi-structured interview guides have been found to improve reliability with other scales. AIMS: To describe the development and test-retest reliability of a structured interview guide for the MADRS (SIGMA). METHOD: A total of 162 test-retest interviews were conducted by 81 rater pairs. Each patient was interviewed twice, once by each rater conducting an independent interview. RESULTS: The intraclass correlation for total score between raters using the SIGMA was r=0.93, P<0.0001. All ten items had good to excellent interrater reliability. CONCLUSIONS: Use of the SIGMA can result in high reliability of MADRS scores in evaluating patients with depression.     

居民心理健康状况筛查记录表的编制及信效度检验

目的 为建立社区心理健康档案、筛查社区里有心理疾病的居民而编制居民心理健康状况筛查记录表并进行信效度检验.方法 通过文献阅读并结合社区和临床实践经验,参考中文版复合性国际诊断交谈表3.0(CIDI-3.0),提出项目,以37名某课程培训班学员、32例精神科住院病人及5.12地震灾区1800名灾民进行信度、效度评定.结果 Cuttman系数(Cronbach's α)为0.682,分半信度系数为0.624,重测信度为0.880,ICC值为0.909.各因子与总分之间的相关为0.302～0.839,各条目与总分之间的相关为0.126～0.547.总分得分≥4时,筛选灵敏度为0.605,特异性为0.395.结论 居民心理健康状况筛查记录表适合做为社区居民的心理疾病的筛查量表.     

Validation of the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) Scale in a German sample of acutely ill patients with schizophrenia

In trying to more broadly define outcome in the efficient long-term treatment of patients with schizophrenia it is necessary to consider not only a reduction in psychopathological symptoms but also a successful psychosocial reintegration. Thus, a more exact assessment of psychosocial functioning is needed. Since the GAF (Global Assessment of Functioning) scale and the SOFAS (Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale) are less operationalized and confuse psychosocial facts with psychopathological symptoms, the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale was developed [Morosini, P.L., Magliano, L., Brambilla, L., Ugolini, S., Pioli, R. (2000). Development, reliability and acceptability of a new version of the DSM-IV Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) to assess routine social functioning. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1001, 323-329.] containing the four main areas "socially useful activities, personal and social relationships, self-care, as well as disturbing and aggressive behaviour". Validation of the PSP scale was conducted in a sample of 62 patients with acute schizophrenia. Rating instruments were PSP, GAF, SOFAS, PANSS, CGI, and Mini-ICF-P (Mini-ICF-Rating for Mental Disorders). The results showed good reliability with alpha=.64-.84, high test-retest reliability as well as good inter-rater reliability for the PSP scale. Furthermore, PSP proved good validity with high correlations to GAF (r=.91), SOFAS (r=.91), and Mini-ICF-P (r=-.69). The hypothesis that more critically ill patients would show lower scores on PSP than lesser ill patients was only confirmed for PANSS negative symptoms. Thus, the findings prove the PSP scale to be a reliable and valid instrument for assessing social functioning of patients with schizophrenia during the course of treatment as well as in the acute state.