Imaging Features of Intracranial Angioleiomyoma (2 Cases Discussion)

目的 探讨颅内血管平滑肌瘤的CT及MRI表现.资料与方法 结合文献回顾性分析2例经手术病理证实的位于颅内鞍旁的血管平滑肌瘤的CT及MRI表现.2例均行MRI平扫及增强,1例行MRI动态增强,1例行CT平扫.结果 2例均位于右侧鞍旁.例1行CT平扫示中颅窝鞍旁类圆形稍高密度肿块,密度均匀,周围未见水肿,MRI平扫T1WI呈低信号,扩散加权成像(DWI)呈低信号,T2WI呈不均高信号,内可见条状低信号.病灶周围见薄层环状水肿带,增强扫描肿块明显均匀强化,局部可见脑膜尾征;例2 MRI平扫示鞍旁卵圆形肿块,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈高信号,右三叉神经受压,增强扫描早期示病灶中心斑片状强化,增强晚期示病灶逐渐从中心向周边强化.结论 动态增强扫描呈中心性渐进性强化可能为颅内血管平滑肌瘤特征性表现,有助于其诊断与鉴别诊断.     

胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的影像表现与病理对照研究

目的:分析总结胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的影像表现及病理基础,提高诊断准确性。方法:回顾性分析30例经病理证实的胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的CT、MRI表现。5例患者仅进行了CT检查,19例患者仅进行了MR检查,6例同时行CT和MR检查。结果:30例患者均为单发病灶,其中13例位于中枢神经系统,7例位于头颈部、6例位于腹盆腔、1例位于食管、1例位于乳腺、1例位于腹股沟、1例位于耻骨。病灶多呈类圆形或长圆形,部分病例可见分叶或形态不规则。CT平扫颅内病灶呈不均匀等低密度或均匀稍高密度,其余病灶CT平扫呈均匀软组织密度。头颈部病灶T1WI呈较均匀等低信号,其余病灶T1WI呈欠均匀等低信号,T2WI信号混杂,可见等、低、高信号;15例病灶边缘或病灶内可见血管流空信号。增强扫描颅内病灶呈明显不均匀强化,其余病灶呈中度到明显不均匀强化,腹盆腔病灶可见渐进性强化;T2低信号区可见强化,坏死囊变区未见强化。免疫组化可见CD34、STAT-6、VIM、CD99、Bcl-2阳性。结论:胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤分布广泛,病理基础决定其信号及强化特征,T2WI见条片状、结片状低信号,增强扫描T2WI低信号区强化,有一定特征性。CD34、STAT-6相结合有利于提高SFT诊断的特异度和敏感度。     

颅内血管平滑肌瘤的影像表现(附2例讨论)

目的探讨颅内血管平滑肌瘤的CT及MRI表现。资料与方法结合文献回顾性分析2例经手术病理证实的位于颅内鞍旁的血管平滑肌瘤的CT及MRI表现。2例均行MRI平扫及增强,1例行MRI动态增强,1例行CT平扫。结果 2例均位于右侧鞍旁。例1行CT平扫示中颅窝鞍旁类圆形稍高密度肿块,密度均匀,周围未见水肿,MRI平扫T1WI呈低信号,扩散加权成像(DWI)呈低信号,T2WI呈不均高信号,内可见条状低信号。病灶周围见薄层环状水肿带,增强扫描肿块明显均匀强化,局部可见脑膜尾征;例2 MRI平扫示鞍旁卵圆形肿块,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈高信号,右三叉神经受压,增强扫描早期示病灶中心斑片状强化,增强晚期示病灶逐渐从中心向周边强化。结论动态增强扫描呈中心性渐进性强化可能为颅内血管平滑肌瘤特征性表现,有助于其诊断与鉴别诊断。     

颅内血管外皮细胞瘤的MRI／CT影像学表现

目的：探讨颅内血管外皮细胞瘤（hemangiopericytoma,HPC）的影像特征。方法回顾性分析经病理及免疫组织化学证实的16例HPC患者的CT及MRI表现。所有患者均行MR扫描,6例行CT扫描。结果所有病变均为单发病灶,均位于颅内脑外,均为分叶状肿块,15例位于幕上,1例位于幕下。6例CT平扫均呈稍高密度、间杂低密度,均未见钙化,1例邻近颅底骨质呈侵蚀破坏,5例增强扫描均呈明显不均匀强化,并可见明显增粗的血管影,4例可见明显的瘤周水肿带。T1WI以等、低信号、T2WI以低、高混杂信号为主,2例信号均匀、14例信号不均,13例周围有水肿。增强扫描中15例病灶均明显不均匀强化,1例中度强化。2例病灶与硬膜呈宽基底相连,14例为窄基底相连。16例病灶均未出现“脑膜尾征”。DWI中,7例肿瘤呈等低混杂信号为主。MRS中,4例Cho峰明显升高;2例NAA峰及Cr峰降低。结论HPC影像表现具有一定特点,当脑外肿瘤呈分叶状,内部密度不均匀,有囊变坏死,周围骨质无增生硬化,甚至有破坏吸收改变,水肿较严重,肿瘤内未见钙化,侵犯周围脑组织或并发颅外转移时,提示HPC可能性大。     

钙化上皮瘤的影像表现及病理基础

【摘要】目的：分析钙化上皮瘤的CT及MRI表现,并探讨其病理基础。方法：回顾性分析17例经手术病理证实的钙化上皮瘤患者影像学资料并复习相关文献,其中8例行CT平扫及增强扫描,6例行MR平扫及增强检查,2例仅行CT平扫,1例先行X线片,后行MR平扫加增强检查。结果：10例CT共13个病灶。8个病灶见钙化,其中5个病灶完全钙化。2个病灶见坏死。10个病灶边界清清楚,3个瘤周见絮状稍高密度影。8例CT增强扫描共11个病灶,其中3个轻度强化,5个不均匀中度强化,3个病灶完全钙化无强化。6例MR均为单发,2例T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈外周高中央低信号,DWI呈环状高信号,增强呈“环靶征”。2例T1WI呈等或稍高信号,T2WI呈高信号,内见微囊状更高信号,灶周可见斑片状高信号,增强不均匀强化。2例T1WI呈稍低信号,T2WI均呈稍高信号,增强不均匀强化。1例X线片呈高密度,T1WI呈低信号,T1WI压脂呈不均匀稍高信号,T2WI压脂呈高低混杂信号,增强扫描不均匀强化,以中央强化较为明显。结论：钙化上皮瘤的影像表现有一定特征,当病灶位于皮下,边界清楚,CT见广泛泥沙样或致密的局灶性钙化,MR上见微囊状改变,增强扫描轻至中度强化,尤其呈“环靶征”表现时,应考虑到PM的诊断。     

腹外韧带样型纤维瘤病的影像学表现

【摘要】目的：探讨腹外韧带样型纤维瘤病的MRI和CT表现。方法：回顾性分析82例经手术病理证实的腹外韧带样型纤维瘤病患者的影像资料。所有病例行MRI平扫,58例行增强扫描;37例行CT平扫,其中26例行增强扫描。结果：82例中单发病灶62例（76%）,多发病灶20例（24%）。原发性病灶35例（43%）,复发性病灶47例（57%）。75例（91.5%）病灶边界不清或部分不清,48例病灶（58.5%）包绕神经血管束,16例病灶侵蚀骨质,5例病灶压迫邻近骨质。所有病灶在T1WI上呈等信号或稍高信号,在T2WI上呈高信号,增强后呈中度或高度强化;75例（91.4%）病灶信号不均匀,其内部均可见条索状、条片状区,在T1WI和T2WI上呈低信号,增强扫描无明显强化;部分病灶周边可有水肿区。CT平扫示病灶呈等或稍低密度,增强后呈中度或高度不均匀强化。结论：腹外韧带样型纤维瘤病的影像学表现具有一定特征性,是该病变与软组织恶性肿瘤的重要鉴别要点。     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的影像学表现

目的:探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的影像学表现,以提高该病的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析20例经手术及病理证实的原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤患者的影像学资料,分析肿瘤的影像学表现。结果:20例患者共28个病灶。单发病灶14例,多发病灶6例。病灶多位于脑深部白质、基底核、胼胝体及丘脑等近中线部位,以及额叶、顶叶等脑实质表面。CT检查5例,共10个病灶,9个表现为等或稍高密度影,1个为稍低密度影;增强扫描9个病灶明显强化,1个病灶轻度强化。MRI检查15例,共18个病灶,其中平扫11个T1WI呈稍低信号、T2WI呈稍高信号,3个T1WI、T2WI均呈等信号,4个T1WI、T2WI呈混杂信号;增强扫描14个病灶明显强化,3个呈不均匀强化,1个呈环形强化。4例累及脑膜,引起脑膜增厚,见"脑膜尾征"。2例室管膜呈线样强化。28个病灶中可见"缺口征"2个、"尖角征"3个、"握拳征"2个。5例行MRI动态增强扫描,时间-信号强度曲线示4例为缓升型,1例为平台型。2例行MRS检查,见明显的脂质峰。结论:原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的CT、MRI表现具有一定特征性,结合MRI动态增强扫描和MRS检查,能提高诊断准确率,确诊仍依赖病理。     

原发性透明细胞型肝癌的CT和MRI诊断

目的 探讨原发性透明细胞型肝癌的影像表现,评价CT和MRI对该病的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析19例经手术病理证实的原发性透明细胞型肝癌的CT和MRI表现.13例行CT平扫和动态增强扫描,8例行MR T1WI、T2WI和动态增强扫描.结果 CT平扫13例病灶均为低密度,其中9例病灶内部见不规则的更低密度影.增强后动脉期所有病灶均有强化表现,9例病灶不均匀强化,病灶中心有无强化的低密度区.门静脉期11例病灶呈相对低密度,2例呈等密度.3例可见环形强化的包膜.MR T1WI上5例病灶为低信号,3例为稍高信号.T2WI上5例病灶为混杂高信号,3例为等、低信号.MRI增强动脉期所有病灶均有显著强化.门静脉期和延迟期7例病灶为相对低信号,1例为等信号.2例病灶见环形强化的包膜.结论 CT和MRI可显示原发性透明细胞型肝癌的特征性表现,有助于提高该病的诊断准确性.     

幕下多发实质型血管母细胞瘤MRI诊断

目的探讨幕下多发实质型血管母细胞瘤MRI特征,提高对幕下实质型血管母细胞瘤的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析6例经手术和病理证实的幕下多发实质型血管母细胞瘤的MRI表现及相关临床资料,全部病例均行MRI平扫及增强。结果 6例患者全部多发,共25个病灶,位于右侧小脑半球者10个,左侧7个,位于延髓背侧2个,桥小脑角1个,紧贴小脑幕4个,小脑蚓部1个。MRI T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈高或稍高信号,FLAIR序列呈等或稍高信号,SWI序列1个病灶周边见低信号含铁血黄素环。瘤内及周边可见迂曲血管,较大肿块瘤内及周边可见多发血管流空信号,增强扫描肿瘤呈均匀明显强化。10个病灶与邻近脑膜关系密切。结论幕下多发实质型血管母细胞瘤MRI表现具有一定特征性。     

颅内孤立性纤维瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的分析颅内孤立性纤维瘤的CT和MRI表现,提高对其认识。资料与方法回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的颅内孤立性纤维瘤的CT和MRI表现。1例行CT增强扫描,3例行MRI平扫和增强扫描,1例同时行CT和MRI扫描。结果 5例颅内孤立性纤维瘤均为单发,肿块形态不规则,边界清楚,直径1.2～6.5 cm。发生于颞叶1例,鞍内1例,桥小脑角区1例,中后颅窝三叉神经走行区1例,顶叶1例。CT平扫病灶均为高密度,增强扫描均匀强化。MR T1WI上3例病灶为等信号;1例为多发分隔囊状低信号。T2WI上3例病灶表现为等、低混杂信号,病灶内见少量斑片状高信号;1例为多发分隔囊状高信号。MRI增强所有病灶实质部分显著强化,T2WI低信号区明显强化,坏死囊变区未见强化。结论颅内孤立性纤维瘤MRI表现有一定的特点,MR T2WI上低信号、增强扫描呈显著强化较具特征。     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

磁共振DWI和动态增强鉴别颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤的应用

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)和动态增强在颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤(IPA)鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 搜集经手术病理证实且影像学有鞍区破坏的颅底脊索瘤患者15例、向鼻咽部侵犯的IPA患者20例.测量二者的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),分析动态增强曲线的类型,统计达峰时间(TTP)、增强峰值(EP)和最大对比增强率(MCER),分析各个参数在鉴别诊断中的价值.结果 颅底脊索瘤的ADC值为(1.274±0.07)×10-3mm2/s,高于IPA ADC值(0.672±0.03) ×10-3 mm2/s(P ＜0.001),ADC阈值为0.964×10-3mm2/s时,ROC曲线下面积为0.997,敏感度为93.3％,特异度为100％.颅底脊索瘤时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)Ⅰ型14例,TICⅢ型1例,此例TICⅢ型者TTP约40 s;IPA TIC Ⅰ型7例,TICⅢ型13例.颅底脊索瘤和IPA的EP、MCER差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.001).结论 ADC值和TIC的类型及其相关参数(EP,MCER)有助于颅底脊索瘤和IPA之间的鉴别.     

Treatment of intrahepatic arteriovenous fistula in hepatocellular carcinoma with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be one of the most common malignancies with an incidence of approximately one million cases per year and a dismal prognosis; some authors have reported a median survival of 1 ～ 2 months after diagnosis. Although surgery remains the only hope for cure, few patients are candidates[1,2].     

U50,488H对正常及缺氧心肌细胞L型钙电流的作用

目的 探讨心脏阿片受体和β-受体相互作用的机制。方法 采用全细胞膜片钳技术，观察U50，488H(β-阿片受体选择性激动剂)对正常和缺氧心肌细胞L型钙电流的作用。结果 U50，488H剂量依赖性(0．1～100μmol／L)抑制正常心肌细胞的L型钙电流及异丙肾上腺素(0．1μmol／L)激动的钙电流，而细胞缺氧后，这一抑制作用减弱；U50，488H对Forskolin(10μmol／L)激动的L型钙电流无明显影响。结论 β-阿片受体对β-受体信号的负性调节作用在细胞缺氧后减弱，其作用位点可能发生于β-受体与腺苷酸环化酶环节之间。     

Overtraining syndrome : la piste de la suractivité ?

Introduction

Overtraining is clearly a multifactorial disturbance. We aimed at evaluating the relative importance of overactivity and nutritional imbalances.

Methods

A comparison of 17 footballers with seven subjects with a diagnosis of overtraining evidenced that the two groups differ by energy expenditure resulting from physical activity (1573 ± 378.6 kcal/d from 804.7 ± 184.7 kcal/d) while food intake does not exhibit significant differences.

Conclusion

In this sample of subjects, inadequate food intake is found in both groups, so that overtraining appears rather characterized by a higher level of physical activity. Therefore, a relative energy deficit resulting from overactivity rather than dietary mistakes appears to explain the syndrome in these athletes, who are thus truly “overtrained”.     

Prenatal detection of brain anomalies with ultrasonography

Ultrasound is the first-line imaging study of the fetal brain performed at 12, 22 and 32 weeks of gestation. The very structured evaluation of biometric and morphological data, facilitated by the use of a checklist, ensures a high quality examination. All patients where an anomaly of any key element is suspected should be referred to a center dedicated to prenatal diagnosis for confirmation irrespective of the gestational age. Prenatal diagnosis plays a significant role in France since medical interruption of pregnancy until term is authorized.