经导管局部溶栓治疗髂-股静脉血栓:58例回顾性分析

目的　探讨经导管局部溶栓治疗髂 股静脉血栓的效果及临床应用中的有关问题。资料与方法　对 5 8例髂 股静脉血栓形成患者 (病程 <4周 4 5例 ,>4周 13例 ) ,采取经导管血栓局部灌注尿激酶 ,尿激酶先团注2 5 0 0 0 0U ,然后以 12 5 0 0 0～ 15 0 0 0 0U/h持续灌注。结果　全组溶栓治疗时间 4～ 5 6h ,平均 36h ,尿激酶用量75 0 0 0 0～ 72 5 0 0 0 0U ,平均 4 70 0 0 0 0U。阻塞段完全开通 (残存狭窄率 <30 % )者 30例 ,部分开通者 2 3例 ,无效 5例 ,有效率达 91.4 %。对残存狭窄率 >30 %的 2 3例 ,14例行经皮球囊血管成形术 (PTA)治疗 ,9例行PTA及内支架治疗。 6例溶栓前放置下腔静脉过滤器。本组无严重并发症及肺栓塞发生。结论　经导管血栓局部灌注尿激酶是治疗髂 股静脉血栓的安全、有效方法。溶栓术后继续肝素全身抗凝治疗可增强溶栓疗效     

下肢深静脉血栓局部溶栓的疗效与影响因素

目的 探讨下肢深静脉血栓局部溶栓治疗的疗效及影响因素。方法 对60例下肢深静脉血栓形成患者,采用经导管血栓局部先团注量灌注尿激酶250000U,然后以125000－150000U／h持续灌注。结果 全组溶栓治疗时间4－76h,平均38h,尿激酶用量750000U－9750000U,平均5150000U,血管再通率88．3％。病程＜4周的急性或亚急性血栓形成患者46例,溶栓后阻塞段血管再通44例（95．7％）。在14例慢性血栓形成患者中,血管再通9例（64．3％）。对残存狭窄＞30％的23例患者,14例行经皮球囊血管成形术（PTA）治疗,9例行PTA及内支架治疗。溶栓术后继续肝素全身抗凝治疗可增强溶栓疗效。6例溶栓前放置下腔静脉过滤器。本组无严重并发症及肺栓塞发生。结论 经导管血栓局部灌注尿激酶是治疗下肢深静脉血栓的安全有效方法,其疗效与多种因素有关。     

血液透析动静脉内瘘血管狭窄和闭塞的介入治疗

目的探讨经导管溶栓、经皮血管成形术(PTA)治疗血液透析动静脉内瘘狭窄和闭塞的可行性和有效性。方法对25例自体血管血液透析动静脉瘘道狭窄和闭塞患者行血管造影,18例血栓形成闭塞患者经导管尿激酶溶栓治疗,16例血管狭窄行PTA。结果 25例造影显示血栓闭塞18例,单纯性狭窄7例;经溶栓治疗开通16例,即时开通率88.9%(16/18)。溶栓开通16例中9例显示血管狭窄,该9例与单纯性狭窄7例共16例进行了PTA治疗,成功14例,失败2例,术后所有病例未发生肺梗塞、出血等并发症。溶栓完全开通或PTA成功后,即感血管震颤较前明显增强,次日透析时血流量达到250mL/min,可完全满足透析需要。结论经导管溶栓和PTA是治疗动静脉内瘘血栓形成和血管狭窄的安全、有效和微创的方法,经导管溶栓具有较高的开通率;对栓塞伴有血管狭窄的患者,在溶栓的基础上,结合PTA可提高远期开通率。     

急慢性动脉闭塞的介入治疗

目的探讨血管内溶栓和PTA治疗急慢性动脉闭塞的临床效果和应用价值.方法37例中,男23例,女14例;年龄23～81岁,平均52.9岁.采用Seldinger技术,经皮穿刺股动脉顺行或逆行插管,应用渐进性脉冲-喷射或团注溶栓方法,进行血管内溶栓治疗,尿激酶10000u/ml,总量30～80万u,平均55万u.17例慢性动脉闭塞患者进行了PTA治疗.结果全组病例总的介入治疗成功率95%(35/37).急性动脉血栓性闭塞溶栓治疗成功率91%(21/23),血管完全开通78%(18/23),部分开通13%(3/23),无效2例9%(2/23).慢性血管闭塞溶栓治疗,部分开通93%(13/14),PTA成功率100%(14/14).结论溶栓治疗是急慢性动脉闭塞症的首选治疗方法,是PTA治疗的重要辅助措施.     

周围动脉急慢性闭塞疾病的综合介入治疗

目的:探讨血管内局部溶栓,血栓碎吸,经皮血管成形(percutaneous transcatheter angioplasty,PTA) 和内支架置入,联合治疗急慢性动脉闭塞性疾病的临床效果和应用价值.方法:周围动脉阻塞接受了介入治疗共259例.急性动脉血栓性闭塞58例,局部溶栓+血栓碎吸;动脉狭窄合并急性血栓闭塞61例,局部溶栓+PTA;慢性动脉狭窄阻塞140例,局部溶栓+PTA+内支架置入.结果:全组总的介入治疗成功率98.8%(256/259).局部溶栓+血栓碎吸成功率 100%(58/58),血管完全开通91.4%(53/58),部分开通8.6%(5/58).局部溶栓+PTA治疗成功率85.2%(52/61),9例辅以内支架置入治疗获得成功;PTA+内支架置入治疗成功率97.8%(137/140).并发症发生率7.7%(20/ 259),局部溶栓+血栓碎吸8.6%(5/58),局部溶栓+PTA14.8%(9/61),PTA+内支架置入4.2%(6/140).结论:经皮经腔综合介入治疗周围动脉急慢性闭塞疾病是安全有效的方法.恰当选用局部溶栓、血栓碎吸、PTA 和内支架置入技术并个体化有机地组合应用,可显著提高成功率和疗效并减少并发症发生.     

经皮血管腔内成形术结合局部小剂量持续灌注溶栓治疗糖尿病膝下动脉病变

目的 探讨采用经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)治疗糖尿病膝下动脉病变的效果以及术后小剂量溶栓对膝下动脉血流的影响.方法 回顾性分析自2011年1月至2013年9月行介入治疗的糖尿病膝下动脉病变患者28例,共37条肢体(左下肢16条、右下肢21条),74支膝下动脉存在狭窄或闭塞,胫前动脉30支、胫后动脉22支、腓动脉22支,合并有髂股动脉病变肢体30条.根据术前CTA结果分别采用同侧顺行、经对侧股动脉入路、经肱动脉途径行PTA或支架治疗,测量介入治疗前后踝肱指数(ABI).介入治疗术后从留置导管鞘内持续经微量泵注入尿激酶(20～ 30)万U/24 h,共48 h进行溶栓,记录溶栓前后从胫骨平台到足踝处的图像帧数.术后随访3个月以上,测量ABI并行彩超或CTA检查,计量资料采用配对样本t检验.结果 32条肢体通过球囊扩张或支架得以开通,开通率为86.4％.37条肢体ABI术前为0.70±0.31,术后首日增加至0.90±0.21,差异有统计学意义(t=10.734,P＜0.05).成功开通的32条肢体在小剂量溶栓后造影,从胫骨平台到足踝处的图像帧数由介入术后即刻的(6.3±1.6)帧降低到(4.7±1.4)帧,差异有统计学意义(t=12.136,P＜0.05).6条有静息痛的肢体术后临床症状缓解明显.14条有溃疡和(或)坏疽的肢体,l例介入开通血管后从踝关节平面截肢、3例截趾,3例足趾坏疽的患者随访期间足趾自行离断而愈合,其余患者创面在1～3个月内愈合.术后随访3～ 24个月有3例患者3条肢体复发并再次行PTA治疗.结论 介入治疗糖尿病膝下动脉病变,近期疗效确切,安全性较高;介入术后小剂量溶栓治疗安全,有助于改善膝下动脉血流.     

人造动静脉内瘘血栓后介入治疗的疗效分析

目的:探讨经肱动脉顺行介入置管溶栓在开通血液透析造瘘管阻塞中的疗效价值。材料和方法:经患侧肱动脉顺行插管,先行导丝、导管松解、碎裂血栓,再行造瘘管置管溶栓,术中团注10万U尿激酶,再以微泵2万U/h维持溶栓,狭窄处行球囊成形术,并分析不同时期血栓介入开通的疗效。结果:23例经介入置管溶栓及球囊成形后22例开通,开通率达95.6%,血栓形成时间<48h者21例,24h内溶通21例(100%),尿激酶用量在(22～70)万U;血栓形成时间>48h者2例,1例部分溶通,以球囊扩张后开通,1例溶栓超过48h后出现肌间血肿,放弃溶栓。结论:经肱动脉介入顺行碎栓、溶栓在维持血透管通畅方面安全、有效、简便而且微创。尤其在血栓形成时间<48h中疗效肯定。     

血管内超声在1例颈内动脉闭塞患者介入治疗中的应用

目的 探讨血管内超声(IVUS)技术在颈内动脉闭塞经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)中的应用价值.方法 1例患者CTA明确颈内动脉闭塞,脑灌注成像见低灌注区与缺血相关症状符合,在IVUS导引下接受PTA治疗.采用微导丝及微导管同轴技术通过闭塞段,IVUS确认位于真腔内,微导管造影确认闭塞远端血管通畅,调整后放置栓塞保护器;IVUS测评斑块及管腔情况,球囊预扩张后再次测评;血管内恢复正向血流后通过IVUS虚拟组织学序列分析斑块稳定性,斑块纤维帽稳定且管腔狭窄率＜40％仅作单纯球囊扩张治疗.结果 单纯球囊扩张治疗后闭塞血管再通,恢复正向血流.IVUS全程检测狭窄段斑块纤维帽稳定,管腔狭窄率＜40％,脑灌注成像显示低灌注状态明显改善.结论 IVUS技术在PTA治疗颈内动脉闭塞中起重要导引作用,可增加再通手术成功率,降低并发症发生率.     

导管定向溶栓和置入血管内支架治疗上腔静脉综合征

作者对经导管定向溶栓和置入血管内支架治疗的59例上腔静脉(SVC)综合征病人进行了回顾性研究。男27例,女32例;年龄28～83岁。43例(73％)为恶性病变,16例(27％)良性病变。静脉造影显示31例SVC血栓性闭塞,28例机械性狭窄(狭窄程度>85％)。对27例经静脉造影证实有急性血栓形成而导致SVC闭塞,且无溶栓禁忌证的病例施行了导管定向溶栓治疗。将一根或多根多侧孔导管置于血栓内,在250ml生理盐水中加入50万国际单位(IU)尿激酶,制成2000IU/ml的尿激酶溶液,     

流变溶栓导管治疗门静脉阻塞的临床应用

目的　评价流变溶栓导管 (Hydrolyser)对门静脉阻塞再通治疗的临床疗效。方法　 7例原发性肝癌合并门静脉阻塞、消化道出血 ,经皮肝穿使用Hydrolyser导管溶栓、血管腔内成形术、内支架植入术进行门静脉开通治疗 ,观察门静脉再通、临床症状缓解和并发症发生情况。结果　 6例开通成功 ,1例因导丝无法通过门静脉阻塞段而失败 ,开通成功率 85 %。 5例对溶栓后残存的基础狭窄行血管腔内成形术 ,1例行内支架治疗。 6例门静脉开通后门静脉压明显下降 (Ρ <0 .0 1) ,消化道出血停止 ,无并发症发生 ,随访 5～ 10个月 ,除未开通门静脉 1例死亡外 ,余均生存并对其肝肿瘤进行了介入治疗 ,门静脉保持通畅或部分通畅。结论　Hydrol yser导管对清除门静脉阻塞的血栓安全有效 ,对瘤栓无效 ,为门静脉阻塞开通治疗提供了一种有效的新方法。     

膝下动脉球囊成形术及溶栓介入治疗糖尿病足的价值(附19例分析)

目的:探讨膝下动脉球囊成形术及保留导管溶栓术在介入治疗糖尿病足的临床价值。方法:对19例糖尿病足患者介入术前行CTA检查,对31个下肢用Seldinger技术,经股动脉顺行穿刺插管,分别对膝下动脉病变采用经血管腔内球囊成形术、保留导管溶栓术等多种介入治疗方法。结果:介入治疗后患肢血流改善明显,狭窄性病变开通率明显大于闭塞性病变。皮温明显升高,行走距离显著增加,溃疡愈合加快。结论:膝下动脉球囊成形术及保留导管溶栓治疗微创、安全、有效,可以改善糖尿病足下肢动脉血供,近期疗效令人满意。     

脑梗死患者急性下肢深静脉血栓的溶栓治疗

目的 评价脑梗死患者急性下肢深静脉血栓形成介入溶栓治疗的可行性. 资料与方法 脑梗死伴发急性下肢深静脉血栓患者32例,按患肢肌力高低分为两组,肌力较低组18例,肌力较高组14例.所有患者行腘动脉留置导管, 灌注尿激酶溶栓.检测凝血酶原时间、头颅CT检查. 结果 临床症状缓解率为100%,溶栓时间、溶栓药物剂量肌力较低组﹥肌力较高组.1个月后多普勒超声检查或静脉造影检查有效再通率为100%,其中血管完全再通率肌力较低组﹤肌力较高组.溶栓后CT发现无症状脑出血1例.随访期间2例复发,均为肌力较低患者. 结论 对伴脑梗死的深静脉血栓患者行低剂量溶栓治疗安全、有效.患肢肌力较低者易复发,需注意随访.     

四肢动脉狭窄伴血栓形成的急诊介入治疗

目的 评价四肢动脉狭窄伴血栓形成急诊介入治疗的临床意义。方法 26例四肢动脉狭窄伴血栓形成的患者实施了急诊OASIS导管流变溶栓、ATD浸软溶栓或尿激酶溶栓术，对狭窄段采取经皮球囊扩张(PTA)和支架成形术，其中锁骨下动脉3例，髂动脉5例，股动脉7例，胭动脉4例，胫前胫后动脉及足部动脉4例，人造血管2例，支架术后再狭窄1例。结果 PTA或支架置入术后狭窄段的血管腔复通率100％，溶栓术后血栓完全消失，患肢远端血运明显改善或恢复，临床症状消失。DSA或B超随访1～20个月，动脉均保持通畅。溶栓后消化道出血1例，无截肢病例。结论 采用急诊机械性和药物性溶栓术结合PTA和支架治疗四肢动脉狭窄伴血栓形成，可有效地解除动脉闭塞，避免截肢。     

Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis with a Continuous Infusion of Low-Dose Urokinase for Non-Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis of the Lower Extremity

Objective

We wanted to evaluate the feasibility of catheter-directed thrombolysis with a continuous infusion of low-dose urokinase for treating non-acute (less than 14 days) deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity.

Materials and Methods

The clinical data of 110 patients who were treated by catheter-directed thrombolysis with a continuous infusion of low-dose urokinase for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis was analysed. Adjunctive angioplasty or/and stenting was performed for the residual stenosis. Venous recanalization was graded by pre- and post-treatment venography. Follow-up was performed by clinical evaluation and Doppler ultrasound.

Results

A total of 112 limbs with deep venous thrombosis with a mean symptom duration of 22.7 days (range: 15-38 days) were treated with a urokinase infusion (mean: 3.5 million IU) for a mean of 196 hours. After thrombolysis, stent placement was performed in 25 iliac vein lesions and percutaneous angioplasty (PTA) alone was done in five iliac veins. Clinically significant recanalization was achieved in 81% (90 of 112) of the treated limbs; complete recanalization was achieved in 28% (31 of 112) and partial recanalization was achieved in 53% (59 of 112). Minor bleeding occurred in 14 (13%) patients, but none of the patients suffered from major bleeding or symptomatic pulmonary embolism. During follow-up (mean: 15.2 months, range: 3-24 months), the veins were patent in 74 (67%) limbs. Thirty seven limbs (32%) showed progression of the stenosis with luminal narrowing more than 50%, including three with rethrombosis, while one revealed an asymptomatic iliac vein occlusion; 25 limbs (22%) developed mild post-thrombotic syndrome, and none had severe post-thrombotic syndrome. Valvular reflux occurred in 24 (21%) limbs.

Conclusion

Catheter-directed thrombolysis with a continuous infusion of low-dose urokinase combined with adjunctive iliac vein stenting is safe and effective for removal of the clot burden and for restoration of the venous flow in patients with non-acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis.     

经动静脉双路径同步治疗深静脉血栓临床应用

目的：评价经动静脉双路径同步治疗下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）的疗效。方法回顾性分析37例下肢深静脉血栓溶栓治疗患者,在行下腔静脉滤器置入术后,其中16例患者行动静脉双路径同步溶栓及抗凝治疗。21例患者行单纯患肢静脉溶栓导管置入或患肢足背静脉溶栓术。结果随访37例患者均未出现大出血和致死性肺动脉栓塞等严重并发症,20例患者下肢DVT完全或大部分溶解,13例部分溶解,4例仍较多血栓,但深静脉主干基本出现,有较多侧枝循环。其中动静脉同步溶栓治疗中,完全或大部分溶解12例,单纯静脉溶栓完全或大部分溶解的有8例。结论经动静脉双路径同步治疗下肢深静脉血栓是一种安全可行、疗效好、操作相对简单的方法,较单纯静脉溶栓时间缩短,尿激酶用量减少,而且静脉完全溶解率升高。     

Intraarterial urokinase infusion therapy for arterial occlusive disease of the pelvis and extremities with special reference to short-term high dose infusion

Thirty-five complete arterial occlusions of pelvis and extremity in 29 patients were treated with intraarterial urokinase infusion therapy. In 28 limbs, the occlusions were due to arteriosclerotic change and in 7 lesions, the occlusions were due to Burger's disease. The patients with arteriosclerotic change ranged in age from 52 to 84 years with a mean age of 68 years, and the patients with Burger's disease ranged in age from 35 to 47 years with a mean age of 43 years. There were 24 men and 5 women. The estimated duration of the occlusion was from 5 days to 5 years with a mean duration of 11 months. The length of the occluded segments ranged from 1 to 45 cm with a mean length of 13.9 cm. The occlusion was located in the iliac artery in 13 patients, the femoral artery in 11 patients, both the iliac and the femoral artery in 2 patients, the popliteal artery in 5 patients, the femoro-popliteal artery in 1 patient, the brachial artery in 2 patients and the radial artery in 1 patient. The infusion catheter was gently advanced into the proximal portion of the clot over a flexible guide wire, and urokinase was infused at a rate of 5000-10000 IU/min, as a short term high dose infusion (SHI), until antegrade blood flow was reestablished. The catheter was then withdrawn to a point proximal to all of the remaining clot, and the infusion rate was reduced to 10000-20000 IU/h as a continuous low dose infusion (CLI). After thrombolytic recanalization, a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was performed in those cases which demonstrated a residual narrowing of the lumen. The initial success rate was 86%. Reocclusions were observed in 5 lesions (17%) and a second recanalization was successful in 2 of 3 patients. The 1-year cumulative patency rate following recanalization was 88.4% and the 2-year patency rate was 78.6%. No significant complications directly related to the procedure were observed. SHI combined with CLI and PTA appears to be an effective and safe therapy for chronic long segmental arterial occlusion.     

Synthetic dialysis shunts: thrombolysis with the Cragg thrombolytic brush catheter.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Cragg thrombolytic brush catheter for declotting of synthetic arteriovenous dialysis shunts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 77 patients with synthetic forearm loop shunts that were thrombosed were randomly assigned to undergo pharmacomechanical thrombolysis with a pulsed spray (n = 34) or a thrombolytic brush catheter (n = 43). The following findings were evaluated: declotting time, urokinase dose, procedure time, complications, and shunt patency at the first dialysis session and at 3 months. All data were collected prospectively in an unblinded manner. RESULTS: The total amount of urokinase used, including secondary interventions, was 243,657 IU with the catheter versus 476,563 IU with the pulsed spray (P = .001). At 15 minutes, clot lysis was successful in 66% of the patients with the catheter versus in 19% with the pulsed spray (P = .001). At 30 minutes, clot lysis was successful in 98% with the catheter versus 47% with the pulsed spray (P = .001). Procedure complication rates and patency at 3 months were similar for the catheter and the pulsed-spray groups. CONCLUSION: Use of the Cragg catheter with urokinase offered faster and more complete clot lysis than did use of the pulsed spray with urokinase. The amount of urokinase used with the catheter was half that used with the pulsed spray. Shunt patency at 3 months was similar for the two treatment methods.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty adjunct to thrombolysis for acute middle cerebral artery rethrombosis.

PURPOSETo report three patients, each of whom had acute rethrombosis of a reopened middle cerebral artery after urokinase treatment for proximal stenosis (percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the stenosis was performed adjunctive to the thrombolytic treatment to preserve the success of the thrombolysis), and a fourth patient who had percutaneous transluminal angioplasty right after the completion of thrombolysis and had no rethrombosis despite a partial dilatation of the severe stenosis.METHODSThrombolytic treatment was carried out by a coaxial technique with a Tracker 18 catheter through a 5-F angiographic catheter; 80,000 U in 5 mL of urokinase were intermittently injected every 15 minutes after an initial dose of 250,000 U. All patients were given 3000 U of heparin with a booster dose of 1000 U every hour. Angioplasty was performed with a Stealth catheter balloon, 2 to 3 mm x 1.5 cm.RESULTSThree patients recovered without hemorrhage after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and thrombolytic treatment. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was unsuccessful in one patient because of the inability to pass a 2-mm Stealth balloon catheter, and the result was a second rethrombosis. This patient had a poor recovery.CONCLUSIONAcute thrombosis of the middle cerebral artery may be associated with severe proximal stenosis. Rethrombosis may occur even after complete thrombolysis. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty may be safely performed to prevent rethrombosis.     

PTA、PTA联合马来酸桂哌齐特治疗糖尿病下肢血管病变的临床价值

目的探讨PTA、PTA联合马来酸桂哌齐特治疗糖尿病下肢动脉病变的临床价值。方法24例糖尿病下肢动脉病变患者,12例行PTA治疗,12例行PTA联合马来酸桂哌齐特治疗。分析并比较疗法的疗效。结果PTA治疗后临床症状评分明显降低,踝臂指数(ABI)和经皮氧分压(TcPO_2)明显增高;随访临床症状评分及ABI保持稳定,TcPO_2明显下降;血管造影,11例血管狭窄程度和末梢染色有不同程度的改善,随访12例保持通畅,7例末梢染色较术后变浅。PTA联合马来酸桂哌齐特治疗后临床症状评分明显降低,ABI和TcPO_2明显增高;随访临床症状评分、ABI和TcPO_2保持稳定;12例血管狭窄程度和末梢染色有不同程度改善,随访12例保持通畅,末梢染色较术后加深。PTA、PTA联合马来酸桂哌齐特治疗的患者之间,术前、术后临床症状评分、ABI和TcPO_2无明显差异,但随访临床症状评分及TcPO_2有明显差异。结论PTA能够有效改善糖尿病下肢血管病变的临床症状,马来酸桂哌齐特是PTA治疗后有益而且必要的补充。PTA联合马来酸桂哌齐特可作为糖尿病下肢血管病变常规治疗方案之一。