APT定量参数与直肠癌病理类型及分期的相关性

【摘要】目的:探讨酰胺质子转移（APT）成像定量参数和直肠癌病理类型、分期的相关性。方法:以94例病理证实为直肠癌的患者为研究对象，所有患者均行高分辨MRI、APT成像及扩散加权成像（DWI），测量不同组织病理类型、分级、分期以及相关结构侵犯状态的APT信号强度（APT SI）及表观扩散系数（ADC），并进行统计学分析。结果:直肠黏液腺癌APT SI、ADC值高于普通腺癌，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）；低级别普通腺癌APT SI低于高级别普通腺癌，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；T分期，N分期，壁外血管侵犯，神经侵犯及脉管癌栓不同组间APT SI、ADC值的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。APT SI、ADC值鉴别直肠黏液腺癌与普通腺癌的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.936、0.982；APT SI鉴别低级别与高级别普通腺癌的ROC曲线下面积为0.728。结论:APT有助于评估直肠癌患者的组织病理类型及肿瘤分级。     

磁共振扩散加权成像与直肠癌病理预后因素的相关性研究

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像ADC值与直肠癌病理预后因素的相关性.方法 回顾性搜集45例经病理证实且未行辅助治疗而直接手术治疗的直肠癌患者的病理资料,并根据病理分化程度、T分期、N分期以及脉管、周围神经及直肠系膜筋膜受侵犯状态和免疫组织化学EGFR及P53表达情况进行分组.测量直肠癌的肿瘤组织b=800 s/mm2时的ADC值,分析各组之间肿瘤ADC值的相关关系.结果 高、中、低分化组的ADC值依次降低,且差异具有统计学意义(P=0.016).直肠癌N+组的ADC值低于N0组,差异具有统计学意义(P =0.037).而不同病理T分期、脉管及周围神经受侵、直肠系膜筋膜受侵及癌结节不同分组间肿瘤平均ADC值的差异无统计学意义.EGFR、P3表达阳性组的平均ADC值均低于表达阴性组,但差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 直肠癌的ADC值与肿瘤的分化程度及淋巴结转移具有相关性,可有望通过ADC值的定量描述来评估肿瘤的生物学行为.     

DWI术前评价直肠腺癌侵袭能力的应用价值研究

目的通过分析表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值与直肠腺癌病理学特征之间的相关性,探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)术前评价直肠腺癌侵袭能力的应用价值。方法收集48例直肠癌患者的影像学资料,所有患者均经肠镜活检证实为直肠腺癌并手术治疗。术前均行MRI常规及DWI检查,并测量肿瘤组织ADC值。分析直肠腺癌不同病理学特征(肿瘤分化程度,T分期,N分期,淋巴结外肿瘤种植,脉管癌栓,直肠系膜筋膜状态、增值指数Ki-67)与ADC值之间的相关性。结果直肠腺癌在不同分化程度、T3期固有肌层外浸润深度及有无结外肿瘤种植的ADC值,差异均有显著统计学意义(P0.01),而对于不同T分期、N分期、有无脉管癌栓、直肠系膜筋膜状态的ADC值,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。ADC值越低,直肠腺癌分化程度越低,浸润深度越大,越有可能伴有淋巴结转移、脉管癌栓或直肠系膜筋膜阳性。ADC值与T3期固有肌层外浸润深度、增值指数Ki-67均呈负相关(r=-0.577,P=0.001;r=-0.630,P=0.000)。结论 ADC值与直肠腺癌分化程度、T3期固有肌层外浸润深度、结外肿瘤种植及ki67均有一定相关性。ADC值越低,反映了肿瘤的侵袭性越强,预后越差。ADC值有利于对术前评价直肠腺癌侵袭性提供更多的辅助信息。     

酰胺质子转移成像与DWI诊断宫颈鳞癌并评估其分级的对比研究

目的:对比分析酰胺质子转移成像(APT)与扩散加权成像(DWI)在诊断宫颈鳞癌并评估其分级中的价值。方法:回顾性分析50例宫颈癌患者的临床及APT、DWI资料,根据病理类型分为腺癌组(n=11)与鳞癌组(n=39),并根据病理分级将鳞癌组分为低分化组(n=12)与高中分化组(n=27),测量宫颈癌组织的不对称性磁化转移率(MTR asym)、平均ADC值、最小ADC值,分别比较宫颈腺癌组与鳞癌组、宫颈鳞癌高中分化组与低分化组各参数值的差异,采用ROC曲线评价各参数值的诊断效能及最佳诊断阈值,并根据约登指数确定各参数相应的诊断敏感度、特异度。结果:宫颈鳞癌组MTR asym[(3.03±0.06)%]低于宫颈腺癌组[(3.12±0.05)%],平均ADC值、最小ADC值[(0.94±0.03)×10^-3 mm^2/s、(0.85±0.03)×10^-3 mm^2/s]低于宫颈腺癌组[(0.98±0.03)×10^-3 mm^2/s、(0.88±0.03)×10^-3 mm^2/s],差异均具有统计学意义(t=4.35、3.66、3.55,P值均<0.05);低分化宫颈鳞癌组MTR asym值[(3.08±0.03)%]高于高中分化鳞癌组[(3.00±0.05)%],平均ADC值、最小ADC值[(0.92±0.02)×10^-3 mm^2/s、(0.82±0.02)×10^-3 mm^2/s]低于高中分化鳞癌组[(0.95±0.03)×10^-3 mm^2/s、(0.86±0.02)×10^-3 mm^2/s],差异均具有统计学意义(t=5.37、2.55、4.08,P值均<0.05);在诊断宫颈鳞癌及低分化宫颈鳞癌时,MTR asym均有最佳诊断效能,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.865、0.932,以MTR asym=3.08%、3.06%为阈值,诊断敏感度分别为79.5%、85.2%,特异度分别为81.8%、83.3%。结论:与DWI相比,APT在诊断宫颈鳞癌并评估宫颈鳞癌分级中更具优势。     

DWI对直肠黏液腺癌与非黏液腺癌的鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)及其表现扩散系数(ADC)值对直肠黏液腺癌与非黏液腺癌的鉴别诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的16例直肠黏液腺癌与64例非黏液腺癌患者的MR资料,观察所有肿瘤的DWI信号强度,测量肿瘤ADC值及相对ADC(rADC)值,并绘制受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线,计算ADC值及rADC值对直肠黏液腺癌与非黏液腺癌的鉴别诊断效能.结果:16例直肠黏液腺癌中4例在DWI图像上呈低号,12例呈高信号,64例非黏液腺癌中1例呈低信号,63例呈高信号,两者DWI信号强度差异有统计学意义(x2=8.333,P=0.004).黏液腺癌的ADC值[(1.48±0.25)×10 3 mm2/s]及rADC值(1.22±0.18)均高于非黏液腺癌[(1.08±0.11)×101 mm2/s,(0.95±0.11)],差异均具有统计学意义(t=6.162,P＜0.001;t=5.810,P＜0.001).以ADC值=1.209×10 3mm2/s鉴别诊断黏液腺癌与非黏液腺癌的效能最高(AUC 0.923,敏感度93.8％,特异度89.1％).结论:DWI及ADC值在直肠黏液腺癌与非黏液腺癌的鉴别诊断中具有重要价值.     

弥散加权成像在宫颈癌组织病理学研究中的价值

目的探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)的表观弥散系数(ADC)值辨别子宫颈癌病理类型和分化程度的价值。方法对68例治疗前的宫颈癌患者行磁共振DWI检查,测量病灶区ADC值。根据病理结果分为宫颈鳞状细胞癌(53例)、腺癌(15例),宫颈鳞状细胞癌分为高分化组(14例)、中分化组(28例)、低分化组(26例)。比较不同病理类型宫颈癌和不同分化程度宫颈鳞状细胞癌的ADC值差异。结果宫颈鳞状细胞癌和腺癌的ADC值分别为(0.899±0.117)×10~(-3)mm~2/s和(1.075±0.324)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,差异有统计学意义(t=-0.257,P=0.0000.05)。以ADC值0.944×10~(-3)mm~2/s为阈值,鉴别宫颈鳞状细胞癌和腺癌的敏感性为100%,特异性为87.5%。ADC值与宫颈鳞状细胞癌高中低分化程度呈负相关(r=-0.67,P=0.0000.05)。结论 DWI定量参数ADC值有助于评估宫颈癌的病理类型及分化程度,是常规MRI的重要补充。     

磁共振扩散加权成像在直肠肿瘤性病变诊断中的价值

目的：通过对不同类型直肠肿瘤病例DWI图像分析和ADC值的测量探讨扩散加权成像对直肠肿瘤性病变的诊断价值。方法比较8例直肠腺瘤,30例中分化腺癌,6例低分化腺癌,7例黏液腺癌,6例淋巴瘤及5例间质瘤的ADC值的差异。结果①直肠淋巴瘤的ADC值明显低于直肠癌、直肠腺瘤,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）,淋巴瘤与间质瘤之间差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）;②直肠腺瘤ADC值低于粘液腺癌（ P ＜0．05）,与间质瘤、腺癌之间差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）;③间质瘤 ADC值低于粘液腺癌（ P ＜0．05）,与淋巴瘤、腺癌、腺瘤之间差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0.05）;④粘液腺癌ADC值高于中分化腺癌（ P ＜0．05）,与低分化腺癌之间差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）,中分化、低分化腺癌之间差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）。结论扩散加权成像对不同类型直肠肿瘤、不同类别的直肠腺癌具有一定的鉴别诊断价值,联合MR常规扫描可提高诊断效能。     

扩散加权成像对不同病理类型乳腺癌的鉴别诊断价值

目的：探讨扩散加权成像（DWI）及ADC值（ADC）测量对不同病理类型乳腺癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法：回顾分析50例经病理证实的乳腺癌患者的MRI资料,DWI检查采用EPI技术,分别测量乳腺病灶及正常乳腺ADC值,对不同病理类型乳腺癌的ADC值进行单因素方差分析并进行两两比较。结果：50例中浸润性导管癌34例,黏液腺癌6例,乳头状癌4例,浸润性筛状癌4例和髓样癌2例。乳腺癌和正常组织的ADC值分别为（1.31±0.06）×10-3及（2.06±0.04）×10-3mm2/s。浸润性导管癌、黏液腺癌、乳头状癌及筛状癌之间ADC值差异有统计学意义（F=9.406,P〈0.05）,黏液腺癌与浸润性导管癌、乳头状癌及筛状癌之间ADC值差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,浸润性导管癌与乳头状癌及筛状癌间的ADC值差异无统计学意义（P值分别为0.671和0.333）。结论：不同类型乳腺癌因病理基础不同,ADC值变化存在一定差异,ADC值测量有助于部分病理类型乳腺癌的鉴别诊断。     

MR750 3.0T DWI ADC值与直肠癌患者临床病理分级及术后复发和吻合口炎性纤维化关系

【摘要】目的：3.0T 扩散加权成像(DWI)测量表观扩散系数(ADC)与直肠癌患者临床病理分级及术后复发和吻合口炎性纤维化关系。方法：回顾性分析2016年1月-2018年10月经手术病理证实结直肠癌患者,所有患者于术前均行3.0T MRI检查,并测量肿瘤实性部分平均ADC值、最小ADC值。比较不同病理分级组、术后吻合口局部复发组、炎性纤维组间肿瘤实性部分各ADC值,分析ADC值与病理分级相关性,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析ADC值诊断术前病理分期以及术后复发和吻合口炎性纤维化效能。结果：不同病理分级患者平均ADC值、最小ADC值差异显著,其中最小ADC值随着分化程度增加明显增加（P<0.05）,高、中分化组平均ADC值差异无统计学意义,但均明显高于低分化组（P<0.05）。复发组患者平均ADC值、最小ADC值明显<纤维化组（P<0.05）。采用Spearman法分析显示最小ADC值与肿瘤病理分期存在负相关性（rs=-0.528,P<0.05）。最小ADC值诊断低分化、高分化直肠癌ROC曲线下面积分别为0.707（95%CI：0.596~0.817）、0.778（95%CI：0.672~0.884）。最小ADC值、平均ADC值诊断术后复发/纤维化ROC曲线下面积为0.853（95%CI：0.771~0.935）、0.795（95%CI：0.680~0.910）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：直肠癌DWI肿瘤最小ADC值有助于术前预判病理分期以及术后诊断吻合口局部复发、炎性纤维化,可作为结直肠癌诊断、预后参考指标。     

ADC值与直肠腺癌分化程度及T分期的相关性研究

目的 :探讨直肠癌ADC值与分化程度、T分期的相关性。方法 :选取123例经手术病理证实为直肠癌患者术前的MRI资料,b值取50、400、800 s/mm2,由Siemens Skyra 3.0 T MRI扫描仪自动计算生成ADC图,经Syngovia VA 3.0后处理工作站测取肿瘤平均ADC值,并与肿瘤分化程度、T分期进行匹配及分组分析。结果:肿瘤分化程度由高至低,平均ADC值分别为(0.857±0.074)×10~(-3)、(0.751±0.038)×10~(-3)、(0.697±0.021)×10~(-3)mm2/s;平均ADC值T1期为(0.847±0.063)×10~(-3)mm2/s,T2期为(0.756±0.028)×10~(-3)mm2/s,T3期为(0.745±0.040)×10~(-3)mm2/s,T4期为(0.739±0.046)×10~(-3)mm2/s,平均ADC值在肿瘤不同分化程度组、T分期组的差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);Spearson相关性分析结果显示ADC值与分化程度、T分期均呈负相关(r=-0.485,P0.05;r=-0.322,P0.05)。结论:直肠癌ADC值与其分化程度、T分期均有明显相关性,可在一定程度上反映直肠癌的病理分化情况及临床分期。     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

Sexual homicide: Brief review of the literature and case report involving rape,genital mutilation and human arson

The objective of the current paper is to report a new case of sexual murder involving human arson and summarize the literature on the phenomenon of sexual homicide. The present case study is unprecedented in Greece and a rarity in international literature due to the fact that the victim suffered genital mutilation and incineration while still alive. The evaluation consisted of 176 articles; 53 were reviewed by the authors. The results revealed sparse, but significant, research findings. The authors discuss the limitations regarding research, incidence of the phenomenon, crime-scene patterns, offender characteristics (killing methods, motive inferences, sociodemographic data, classifications, psychopathology, modus operandi), and victim selection. The incidence of the phenomenon is unclear (1–4%) due to non-standardized criteria. It is an expression of displaced anger or sexual sadism and/or a way to elude detection (ancillary benefit). Most offenders (in their first kill) and victims were in their late 20s to early 30s and belong to Caucasian populations. Personal weapons were commonly used against women, strangulation is the prevalent killing method against children, and firearms against men. Most of the sexual homicide perpetrators are non-psychotic at the time of the attack, but experience personality pathology, primitive defenses, pathological object relations, and withdrawal into fantasy in order to deal with social isolation.     

Extension du modèle puissance–temps limite pour estimer la production d’énergie aérobie et anaérobie lors de l’exercice intense

Aim

Examine how the modelling of the relation between power and time to exhaustion can provide an estimation of the production of aerobic and anaerobic energy during intense exercise.

Current knowledge

The hyperbolic model made it possible to define the critical power corresponding to the maximal rate of energy renewed by aerobic metabolism. A new model distinguishing the critical power from the maximal aerobic power has been built to estimate more precisely the anaerobic contribution. Data from middle distance runners and subjects tested on cycle ergometer showed a relative contribution of anaerobic metabolism arising from critical power and increasing until around 10 % of total power when aerobic energy production reaches its maximum.

Prospects

Considering the slow component of oxygen uptake would provide a more precise analysis of energy production and transformation during exercise at high intensity.     

Beziehungen zwischen Aufprallgeschwindigkeit,Fahrzeugbeschädigungen,Frakturen und „Wurfweite” bei 50 tödlichen Fußgänger-PKW-Unfällen

Zusammenfassung Aus 160 Obduktionen von Fußgängern, die durch PKW getötet worden waren, sind 50 nach folgenden Gesichtspunkten ausgewählt worden:Auffahrunfälle Erwachsener mit gesicherten Angaben in den Gerichtsakten über Fahrzeugbeschädigungen, Zusammenstoßstellen, Endlage der Fußgänger und Bremsspuren. Aus diesen Daten wurden Ausgangs- und Aufprallgeschwindigkeiten berechnet sowie die Wurfweite der Fußgänger gemessen.Die Ausgangsgeschwindigkeiten, nach der Berechnung zwischen 32 und 95 km/h, lagen meistens etwas höher als die angegebenen Geschwindigkeiten. Zwischen Ausgangs- und Aufprallgeschwindigkeiten waren die Differenzen größer. Ab 12 km/h Aufprallgeschwindigkeit kam es bereits zu tödlichen Verletzungen. Auffallend ist die zweigipfelige Verteilung der Häufigkeit sowohl bei der Einteilung nach den Aufprallgeschwindigkeiten als auch nach den Deformationsarbeiten (Aufprallgeschwindigkeit: 26% bei 51–60 km/h und 22% bei 21 bis 30 km/h; Deformationsarbeit: 34% bei 39–200 kpm und 30% bei 701–1000 kpm).Bei Aufprallgeschwindigkeiten über 50 km/h wurden doppelt so viel Knochenbrüche an der Wirbelsäule und am Becken als bei Aufprallgeschwindigkeiten unter 50 km/h festgestellt.Bei 44 Fußgängerunfällen lag ein Drittel innerhalb der Erwartungsgrenze der Wurfweite nach Fiala, je ein Drittel aber darüber bzw, darunter.Das Beschädigungsbild und die Anstoßverletzungen geben Hinweise zur Ermittlung der Aufprallgeschwindigkeit, vor allem wenn weitere Berechnungsgrundlagen fehlen.

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Summary Fifty cases were selected from 160 autopsies performed on pedestrians who were accidentally killed by private motorcars; the cases were selected according to the following criteria:The cases were confined to impact accidents involving adults in which reliable evidence could be gathered from the Court records in relation to damage to the car, the place of collision, the final position of the injured pedestrian and the extent of skidmarks. The initial and collision speeds of the cars were calculated from these facts and the distance of projection of the pedestrians were measured.The initial speeds, calculated between 32 and 95 km/h, were, in most cases, higher than the declared speeds. The differences between initial and collision speeds were larger. Fatal injuries could arise from a collision velocity of only 12 km/h. A striking feature of the analysis was the distribution of two peaks of frequency whether these were classified according to the collision speeds or according to the deformation of the vehicle (collision speed: 26% at the speed of 51 to 60 km/h and 22% at the speed of 21 to 30 km/h; deformation work: 34% at the deformation work of 39 to 200 kpm and 30% at the deformation work of 701 to 1,000 kpm).Twice as many fractures of the vertebral column and pelvis were sustained at collision speeds over 50 km/h as were sustained under 50 km/h.In one third of 44 pedestrian accidents, the distance of projection was within the expected range described by Fiala; in one third the distance was above and in one third below the expected range.If additional data for calculation were lacking, the patterns in injury arising from the impacts gave indications from which it was possible to estimate the collision speed.

Stipendiat der Alexander v. Humboldt-Stiftung, Dozent Dr. med. S. Kamiyama, Dept. of Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chiba University, 313 Inohanacho, Chiba, Japan.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

磁共振DWI和动态增强鉴别颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤的应用

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)和动态增强在颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤(IPA)鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 搜集经手术病理证实且影像学有鞍区破坏的颅底脊索瘤患者15例、向鼻咽部侵犯的IPA患者20例.测量二者的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),分析动态增强曲线的类型,统计达峰时间(TTP)、增强峰值(EP)和最大对比增强率(MCER),分析各个参数在鉴别诊断中的价值.结果 颅底脊索瘤的ADC值为(1.274±0.07)×10-3mm2/s,高于IPA ADC值(0.672±0.03) ×10-3 mm2/s(P ＜0.001),ADC阈值为0.964×10-3mm2/s时,ROC曲线下面积为0.997,敏感度为93.3％,特异度为100％.颅底脊索瘤时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)Ⅰ型14例,TICⅢ型1例,此例TICⅢ型者TTP约40 s;IPA TIC Ⅰ型7例,TICⅢ型13例.颅底脊索瘤和IPA的EP、MCER差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.001).结论 ADC值和TIC的类型及其相关参数(EP,MCER)有助于颅底脊索瘤和IPA之间的鉴别.     

Hip and pelvic injuries in the elderly

Fractures of the hip and pelvis are frequent and serious injuries in elderly patients. Due to the aging population, their incidence should double by 2050. Therefore, the social and economical implications of these fractures are significant. Delay in diagnosis increases the associated morbidity and mortality. The purpose is to review the imaging features of these fractures, the imaging techniques (projections, CT) to depict them and their classification based on severity.