介入综合治疗胸内食管-胃吻合口瘘12例

目的探讨介入综合治疗胸内食管-胃吻合口瘘的疗效.资料与方法透视下,对12例胸内食管-胃吻合口瘘患者经鼻腔及时置入胃减压管和空肠营养管.2例未行胸腔引流者和5例外科胸腔闭式引流管不通畅者经鼻腔、食管和瘘口置入胸内脓腔引流管,负压抽吸脓液.择期置入蘑菇状覆膜内支架封堵瘘口.结果经鼻腔胃减压管、空肠营养管和脓腔引流管置入位置合适.12例共置入13枚蘑菇状覆膜内支架,技术操作全部成功,脓腔愈合后将引流管拔出.随访期间10例支架封堵瘘口完全;1例1个月后死于机体极度衰竭;1例7个月后支架滑脱,取出并再次置入1枚新支架.结论及时胃减压管、空肠营养管置入和脓腔有效引流,择期蘑菇状覆膜内支架置入治疗胸内食管-胃吻合口瘘,是一种安全、可靠、有效的综合治疗方法.     

暂时性蘑菇状内支架与经鼻经食管脓腔引流管置入治疗食管-胃吻合口瘘

目的探讨暂时性蘑菇状覆膜内支架与经鼻经食管脓腔引流管置入治疗食管-胃吻合口瘘的疗效。方法对8例食管-胃吻合口瘘患者透视下,经鼻腔和食管向脓腔内置入引流管,负压抽吸脓液,再经食管置入蘑菇状覆膜内支架封堵瘘口。定时经引流管冲洗脓腔,适时复查脓腔造影,及时调整后退引流管的位置,直至引流管完全拔出;在置入术后1个月左右(约在引流管拔出后1周)取出支架。结果8例蘑菇状覆膜内支架和引流管置入技术操作全部成功,放置位置合适。经鼻经食管脓腔引流14～21d,脓腔消失,引流管完全拔出。置入术后1个月内以介入技术顺利取出支架,复查造影瘘口均愈合,脓腔消失。结论暂时性蘑菇状覆膜内支架与经鼻腔经食管脓腔引流管置入治疗食管-胃吻合口瘘,操作简单安全、无严重并发症、花费低、创伤小,是一项值得推广的新技术。     

食管-胃吻合口瘘蘑菇状内支架置入治疗研究

目的评价蘑菇状覆膜内支架置入治疗食管-胃吻合口瘘的疗效。方法20例影像学检查确诊的食管-胃吻合口瘘,根据瘘口的部位、大小,残留食管和胃底部形态,选择蘑菇状覆膜内支架型号。透视下,12例食管-胃吻合口瘘永久性置入蘑菇状覆膜内支架,8例暂时性经鼻与食管置入脓腔引流管和蘑菇状内支架。结果20例共置入21枚蘑菇状覆膜内支架,技术操作全部成功,即刻复查食管造影显示瘘口完全封堵。随访2～36个月,2例患者死于机体衰竭,1例死于大出血,17例正常饮食。结论蘑菇状覆膜内支架置入治疗食管-胃吻合口瘘安全、有效,值得推广应用。     

透视引导下经鼻置入瘘腔引流管治疗食管癌术后食管胃吻合口瘘

目的 回顾性分析并评价瘘腔引流管在治疗食管癌术后食管胃吻合口瘘中的价值.方法 2004年5月- 2010年9月共诊治食管贲门癌术后食管胃吻合口瘘78例.32例患者(Ⅰ组)采用胸腔引流管为主的"三管"法传统治疗,即透视下放置胃肠减压管,空肠营养管,术后常规放置胸腔引流管.46例患者(Ⅱ组)采用透视引导下经鼻瘘腔负压引流管置入为主的新"三管"法介入治疗,即透视引导下放置胃肠减压管,空肠营养管,瘘腔负压引流管.胸腔引流管在瘘腔引流管置放成功后即拔除.结果 所有患者均在DSA透视引导下一次置管成功,胸腔引流管在Ⅰ组患者术后常规置放,位置准确.Ⅰ组24例存活患者的瘘腔平均治疗时间为(54.6 ± 7.9) d;死亡8例,病死率为25.0%.而Ⅱ组44例存活患者的瘘腔平均治疗时间为(31.0 ± 8.1) d;死亡2例,病死率为4.3%.两组患者的瘘腔治疗时间比较差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.01).结论 DSA透视引导下留置胃肠减压管,空肠营养管,瘘腔引流管治疗食管癌术后胸内食管胃吻合口瘘安全,有效,经济.经鼻置入瘘腔引流管治疗食管癌术后食管胃吻合口瘘可明显缩短患者住院治疗时间,降低住院病死率.     

新"三管法"介入治疗胸内食管胃吻合口瘘

目的 探讨新"三管法"治疗食管癌术后食管胃吻合口瘘的价值.方法 透视下对27例明确诊断为胸内食管胃吻合口瘘患者,用介入方法经鼻置入空肠营养管,瘘腔引流管,同时保留胸腔引流管.经空肠营养管进行肠内营养支持,瘘腔引流管,胸腔引流管行负压吸引,充分引流瘘腔脓液.结果 27例患者均一次置管成功,瘘口平均愈合时间23 d.结论 介入方法经鼻置入空肠营养管,瘘腔引流管,同时保留胸腔引流管的新"三管法"治疗胸内食管胃吻合口瘘安全、有效、经济.     

食管-纵隔瘘:食管覆膜内支架与经鼻经食管引流管置入治疗

目的探索食管覆膜内支架与经鼻经食管引流管置入治疗食管-纵隔瘘的价值。方法10例食管-纵隔瘘采用5F直头侧孔导管经鼻腔经食管和瘘口置入纵隔脓腔,并利用食管覆膜内支架封堵瘘口。经引流管定时冲洗脓腔,复查脓腔造影,及时调整引流管的位置和拔出引流管。结果进食顺利,引流10—25d引流管完全拔出,脓腔消失。结论食管覆膜内支架与经鼻经食管引流管置人治疗食管-纵隔瘘,可有效治疗纵隔脓肿,操作技术简单、费用低、创伤小,患者易于接受,是值得推广的新技术。     

食管覆膜内支架置入治疗自发性食管破裂的疗效观察

【摘要】 目的 总结食管覆膜内支架置入治疗自发性食管破裂的临床经验。方法 局部黏膜麻醉、透视下置入经鼻胸腔引流管、食管覆膜内支架与空肠营养管治疗自发性食管破裂24例。术后脓腔灌洗、营养支持、抗炎治疗、对症处理。待脓腔愈合后拔出经鼻脓腔引流管、空肠营养管和食管内支架。 结果 24例患者成功置入24枚食管覆膜内支架。22例患者食管内支架平均94.3 d顺利取出,取支架过程中未出现大出血、食管破裂等并发症。1例82岁高龄患者术后2个月死于心功能不全。1例患者术后40 d因突然大量呕血、便血而死亡。 结论 介入治疗自发性食管破裂操作简单、创伤小、疗效确切,是一种值得推广的介入新技术。     

经鼻瘘腔内置引流管治疗食管癌术后吻合口-纵隔瘘6例

目的 回顾性分析X线监视下经鼻瘘腔内置入引流管的方法治疗食管癌术后吻合口-纵隔瘘的可行性.方法 2015年8月至2016年1月,6例经食管造影及胸部CT证实为食管癌术后吻合口-纵隔瘘的患者,在X线监视下,经鼻在导丝引导下于纵隔瘘腔内置入引流管并持续负压吸引,如患者未放置营养管,则经同一鼻孔置入空肠营养管.结果 6例患者全部成功置入瘘腔引流管及空肠营养管,1例患者在置管后5d因引流管堵塞,重新置入引流管.在X线监视下置管时间为23～48 min,平均33 min.6例患者均能够耐受,未出现经鼻置管并发症.经过持续负压吸引6～40 d(平均23 d),患者瘘口愈合.结论 X线监视下经鼻瘘腔内置入引流管治疗食管癌术后吻合口-纵隔瘘的方法简便、安全、有效.     

食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的影像学诊断和介入治疗

目的：探讨食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的影像学特征及其介入治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析6例具有完整临床资料的食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的口服碘水造影及CT表现；透视下，置入蘑菇状覆膜内支架封堵瘘口。结果：6例口服碘水造影显示对比剂均经吻合口溢入胸腔；6例螺旋CT检查，其中5例显示吻合口与胸腔相通，1例瘘口小而未显示。全部病例顺利置入内支架，既完全封堵了瘘口，又解决了进食问题。结论：根据口服碘水造影和螺旋CT征象可以诊断食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘，置入蘑菇状覆膜内支架封堵瘘口操作简单、安全、近期疗效明显，是一项值得推广的新技术。     

蘑菇状覆膜内支架的设计和在食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘中的应用

目的 设计封堵食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的覆膜内支架。方法 根据食管胃吻合口区的特殊解剖结构和吻合口胸腔瘘的病变特点，设计蘑菇状覆膜内支架。透视下，5例吻合口巨大胸腔瘘患者置入6枚蘑菇状覆膜内支架。结果 蘑菇状覆膜内支架能有效封堵食管胃吻合口巨大胸腔瘘，解决了进食问题，改善了营养状况。结论 蘑菇状覆膜内支架结构设计合理，操作简单、安全，近期疗效明显，是一项值得推广的新技术。     

经鼻、食管引流及覆膜支架植入术治疗食管-胸腔瘘

目的 探索经鼻、食管引流及覆膜支架植入术治疗食管-胸腔瘘的可行性及临床价值.方法 7例食管胸腔瘘患者采用5 F猪尾巴多侧孔导管经鼻、食管行胸腔引流,并利用食管覆膜内支架封堵食管瘘口.术后经引流导管定时冲洗脓腔,复查脓腔造影.结果 患者一次性植入引流导管及堵瘘支架均获得成功;引流持续12～22 d,平均15 d;拔管前引流管造影提示脓腔明显变小或闭塞、液气胸得到明显控制,拔管后食管造影示瘘口封堵满意、支架完全复张,未见明显移位、狭窄等征象.结论 经鼻、食管引流及覆膜支架植入术治疗食管胸腔瘘,技术上可行,操作简易、安全,临床疗效肯定.     

透视下双导丝置管法在食管癌术后吻合口瘘治疗中的应用

目的 探讨透视下双导丝置管法在食管癌术后吻合口瘘患者置管及治疗中的应用价值.方法 12例食管癌手术切除术后出现吻合口瘘的患者,在透视下采用双导丝引导经鼻分别置入十二指肠营养管和胃肠减压管,统计其技术成功率、平均置管时间、并发症以及吻合口愈合情况.结果 所有患者均成功置入十二指肠营养管和胃肠减压管,技术成功率为100%.单个患者置管时间为5～8 min,平均6min.操作及置管使用过程中未出现心律失常、误插、吸人性肺炎、会厌功能紊乱等并发症.10例治愈,愈合时间为17～37 d,平均28 d.2例死亡.结论 透视引导下双导丝置管法操作简单、安全、成功率高,置入十二指肠营养管和胃肠减压管可提高食管癌术后吻合口瘘的治愈率.     

自膨式覆膜支架在食管、十二指肠恶性狭窄及瘘的临床应用

目的 评价食管、十二指肠恶性狭窄及瘘应用自膨式覆膜支架治疗的价值,探讨支架植入后常见的并发症及处理方法 .方法 87例上消化道狭窄或梗阻患者中,50例食管恶性狭窄,23例贲门-胃吻合口狭窄,5例胃、十二指肠恶性狭窄,3例食管瘘,6例食管吻合口瘘,共置入国产带膜网状支架95枚.结果 内支架置入全部一次成功,除1例患者术中急性出血外,余病例无即刻并发症,术后患者狭窄解除,饮食得到恢复,瘘道封闭,远期疗效与疾病性质和相关治疗情况有关.结论 自膨式覆膜支架治疗食管、十二指肠恶性狭窄及瘘疗效可靠,并发症少,术后加放疗和(或)化疗可进一步提高疗效.     

Esophagogastric neoplasms: palliation with a modified gianturco stent.

Self-expanding metallic stents of a modified Gianturco design were used for palliative treatment of malignant esophagogastric strictures. Over a 10-month period, 10 stents were placed in nine patients. All patients with severe dysphagia due to malignant strictures in whom all other treatment options had failed were candidates for these stents. Neither extensive length of esophageal involvement nor complete esophageal obstruction was a contraindication. All stents were placed with fluoroscopic guidance without any technical failures or procedural morbidity or mortality. Mild reflux occurred in three patients in whom the stent tubes straddled the distal esophageal sphincter. Five patients were still alive after 1-8 months. The remaining four patients died 6-28 weeks after stent placement; all stents were patent at the time of death. These stents are easy to insert, safe, and reasonably effective for short-term palliative treatment of esophagogastric neoplasms.     

Fluoroscopically Guided Three-Tube Insertion for the Treatment of Postoperative Gastroesophageal Anastomotic Leakage

Objective

To retrospectively evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of three-tube insertion for the treatment of postoperative gastroesophageal anastomotic leakage (GEAL).

Materials and Methods

From January 2007 to January 2011, 28 cases of postoperative GEAL after an esophagectomy with intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomotic procedures for esophageal and cardiac carcinoma were treated by the insertion of three tubes under fluoroscopic guidance. The three tubes consisted of a drainage tube through the leak, a nasogastric decompression tube, and a nasojejunum feeding tube. The study population consisted of 28 patients (18 males, 10 females) ranging in their ages from 36 to 72 years (mean: 59 years). We evaluated the feasibility of three-tube insertion to facilitate leakage site closure, and the patients'' nutritional benefit by checking their serum albumin levels between pre- and post-enteral feeding via the feeding tube.

Results

The three tubes were successfully placed under fluoroscopic guidance in all twenty-eight patients (100%). The procedure times for the three tube insertion ranged from 30 to 70 minutes (mean time: 45 minutes). In 27 of 28 patients (96%), leakage site closure after three-tube insertion was achieved, while it was not attained in one patient who received stent implantation as a substitute. All patients showed good tolerance of the three-tube insertion in the nasal cavity. The mean time needed for leakage treatment was 21 ± 3.5 days. The serum albumin level change was significant, increasing from pre-enteral feeding (2.5 ± 0.40 g/dL) to post-enteral feeding (3.7 ± 0.51 g/dL) via the feeding tube (p < 0.001). The duration of follow-up ranged from 7 to 60 months (mean: 28 months).

Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, the insertion of three tubes under fluoroscopic guidance is safe, and also provides effective relief from postesophagectomy GEAL. Moreover, our findings suggest that three-tube insertion may be used as the primary procedure to treat postoperative GEAL.