PET对孤立性肺结节的诊断价值及限度

孤立性肺结节(SPN)的诊断对影像科医生来讲是一种挑战,CT仅依据病变的形态学信息有时难以奏效,PET作为一种新的成像方式,能反映SPN的代谢及病理生理学信息,在孤立性肺结节的诊断及鉴别诊断中显示出很高的敏感性及准确性,对CT诊断疑难的SPN,PET应该是首选的非创伤性检查手段.     

肺内孤立性结节的CT表现及其鉴别诊断的研究(附69例分析)

目的：探讨直径小于3cm孤立性肺结节（SPN）的CT表现，以提高CT对SPN定性诊断的正确性。方法：分析经CT扫描、CT导引下肿块穿刺活检和手术病理证实的直径小于3cm的SPN69例。结果：良性结节15例，恶性结节54例；良性结节CT表现为圆形或椭圆形，分叶少而浅，结节内钙化多见，边缘多数有长毛刺；恶性结节形态多不规则，分叶多且深，周围以短细毛刺常见，胸膜凹陷征、其内空泡征、血管截断或聚集征较常见。结论：CT是鉴别肺内孤立性小结节良、恶性的一种理想检查方法，对多数肺结节可以正确诊断。     

肺内孤立性结节性病变的CT鉴别诊断（附3O例分析）

目的：探讨肺内孤立性结节（SPN）的CT表现，以提高CT扫描对肺内孤立性结节的鉴别诊断。方法：分析CT诊断经临床及手术病理证实的SPN 30例。结果：周围型肺癌14例，结核球7例，球形肺炎3例，错构瘤3例，单发转移瘤2例。纤维瘤1例。结论：CT薄层及高分辨扫描SPN的表现特征对结节的鉴别诊断是一项理想的检查方法，对肺内多数结节可以做出正确诊断。     

肺结核球CT增强及鉴别诊断

鉴别孤立性肺结节(SPN)的良恶性一直是影像诊断的难点，结核球是孤立性肺结节中最常见的一种，且发病居肺内良性结节的首位。目前CT增强扫描、MRI及正电子发射断层扫描(PET)对结核球的鉴别诊断作用越来越受到重视。本文对此作一综述，重点在CT增强扫描。     

螺旋CT靶扫描技术对孤立性肺结节的诊断价值

孤立性肺结节（solitary pulmonary nodule，SPN）是指直径≤3．0cm的圆形或类圆形的肺内病灶，且不伴有肺不张、卫星病灶和局部淋巴结肿大，其诊断及鉴别诊断一直是胸部影像学的重点及难点，充分显示其特征是诊断的关键，选择正确的CT扫描技术及合适的重建方法是得到高质量的CT图像、显示SPN征象极其重要的环节。笔者总结分析40例孤立性肺结节靶扫描的影像资料，探讨其在SPN诊断中的应用价值。     

CT三维体积测量技术在孤立性肺结节诊断中的初步应用

孤立性肺结节(solitary pulmonary nodule,SPN)的诊断一直是胸部CT最富挑战性的难题。确定孤立性肺结节的良恶性与病人的临床处理紧密相关。CT三维体积测量(three-dimensional volumetric measurement)作为一种计算机辅助诊断(computer-aided diagnosis,CAD)技术,有助于结节的定性诊断,现已初步应用于临床。本文介绍了孤立性肺结节的倍增时间、CT三维体积测量技术及该技术在孤立性肺结节诊断中的初步应用。     

多层螺旋CT薄层重建对孤立性肺结节的诊断价值

目的 评价多层螺旋CT薄层重建在孤立性肺结节诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析55例临床病理证实的孤立性肺结节病例,行多层螺旋CT扫描,后进行10.0 mm、5.0 mm、2.5 mm、1.25 mm重建.评价不同层厚影像对孤立性肺结节CT征象检出率及薄层CT与常规CT对孤立性肺结节良恶性诊断效能,结果采用χ2检验进行分析.结果 在SPN CT征象检出上,1.25 mm薄层CT优于2.5 mm及常规10.0 mm CT(P＜0.05);对肺内结节的良恶性鉴别评价方面,1.25 mm薄层CT诊断假阴性率＜10.0 mm常规CT (χ2=24.856,P＜0.05).结论 多层螺旋CT薄层重建可提高SPN的征象检出率,降低诊断小肺癌诊断的假阴性率.     

多层螺旋CT对孤立性肺结节的诊断价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT鉴别孤立性肺良恶性结节的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析2005-10-2007-12在本院接受治疗的临床与病理资料完整的肺孤立性结节(SPN)患者76例,以手术或穿刺活组织检查的病理结果作为诊断金标准.以动态扫描中增强值＞20 HU为界值计算出CT诊断SPN的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值.结果 多层螺旋CT对良性孤立性肺结节诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为92.6%,89.8%,90.8%,83.3%,95.7%.对恶性孤立性肺结节诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为83.7%,80.5%,82.9%,89.1%,73.3%.结论 多层螺旋CT诊断良恶性孤立性肺结节具有较高的敏感性、特异性和准确性,可作为诊断孤立性肺结节首选的非侵入性检查方法.     

孤立性肺结节的微血管构成及其鉴别诊断意义

孤立性肺结节(SPN)的定性诊断十分重要,关系到治疗方法的选择及预后.近年来,肺结节增强的诊断价值日益受到重视.本文复习了肺内结节强化的原理,从SPN的微血管构成及其鉴别诊断的影像学研究等方面作一综述.     

双能CT对孤立性肺结节的诊断价值

目的:探讨双能CT对孤立性肺结节(SPN)的诊断价值.方法:采用双能CT(管电压为80和140kVp)对水模、体模、47例平扫CT无明显钙化的SPN(恶性31例,良性16例)进行扫描,测量其CT值变化,计算病灶内钙质含量,比较良恶性SPN的CT值变化及钙质含量.结果:良性SPN的CT值变化中位数为5HU,恶性SPN为4...     

基于深度学习的计算机辅助诊断系统在肺癌早期诊断中的应用与进展

胸部CT扫描是肺癌早期筛查和诊断的主要检查手段,应用于胸部影像诊断领域的基于深度学习的计算机辅助诊断(CAD)系统可对CT图像上的肺结节进行检测和分类。深度学习技术可提高CAD系统的性能,尤其是在提高肺结节检测的准确率和降低假阳性率方面。笔者就CAD系统中的深度学习模型在肺结节中的应用现状和研究进展作一综述。     

肺内2cm以下结节的HRCT诊断(附63例分析)

目的 :分析 2 .0cm以下肺内结节的HRCT表现。探讨提高早期肺癌的诊断正确率的征象 ,并与其他结节进行鉴别。方法 :行CT平扫检查 ,发现病灶后行HRCT连续扫描。结果 :6 3例均为单发结节 ,其中肺癌 4 7例 (占 74 .6 0 % ) ,结核 11例 ,炎性假瘤 3例 ,错构瘤 2例。结节与支气管关系的分类可分为五型 ,4 7例肺癌中Ⅲ、Ⅳ型表现者占 6 7% ,Ⅲ、Ⅳ型高度疑诊肺癌 (t =2 .4 6 9;P <0 .0 1)。普通平扫与HRCT相比征象确定率分别为 5 2 .38%和 87.2 0 %。结论 :HRCT在诊断肺内 2 .0cm以下结节上有较大优势 ,所见征象更真实、可靠 ,提高了早期肺癌诊断正确率 ,并可与其他结节作出较明确的鉴别诊断     

肺血管集聚征在小肺癌CT诊断中的价值

目的 :探讨肺血管集聚征在小肺癌CT诊断中的价值。方法 :对 43例 2cm内的孤立性肺结节行CT薄层扫描 ,病灶局部放大 ,观察肺结节与血管的关系。结果 :43例中显示血管集聚征 2 4例 ,其中良性结节 3例 ,小肺癌 2 1例。结论 :肺血管集聚征在小肺癌CT诊断中具有重要的参考价值 ,CT薄层扫描有助于肺内良恶性病灶的诊断与鉴别     

肺纹移位在肺内小结节CT定性诊断中的意义

目的：探讨肺纹移位在肺结节CT定性诊断中的价值。方法：对43例有随访病理结果或经临床证实直径小于3cm肺内孤立性结节进行回顾性分析，结合病灶边缘光整度研究肺纹移位与病灶性质的关系。结果：用肺窗观察到有肺纹移位现象的病灶共30例，占70．4％，肺纹聚拢23例，推移7例，其中肺纹聚拢且病灶边缘光整的共8例全部为炎性病灶。肺纹推移的7例全部为非炎性病灶。结论：肺纹移位现象可以作为肺结节定性诊断的参考征象之一。     

Detection and diagnosis of the primary tumor in lung cancer

The role of radiology in the initial detection and diagnosis of primary lung cancer is well established. Recent advances in the detection of lung cancer stem from research into the visual search patterns used by a radiologist when reading a chest radiograph. Computer feedback of "visual-dwell" positions can lead to an increase in true-positive detection of lung nodules and decrease the false-positive rate. Plain film radiography and CT continue as the mainstays for the characterization of lung nodules. New studies involving the use of conventional tomography to detect contrast enhancement of malignant lesions and the use of axial multiplanar reconstruction CT to demonstrate involvement of pulmonary veins by malignant lesions are detailed. Transbronchial and percutaneous transthoracic biopsy techniques are widely used to diagnose the nature of solitary pulmonary nodules. The dependent positioning of the biopsy site has been shown to decrease both the pneumothorax rate and the frequency of chest drain insertion, whereas the blood patch technique was shown not to affect the pneumothorax rate at all.     

肺泡微石症的CT诊断

目的探讨肺泡微石症的ＣＴ表现及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析９例经活检病理证实或临床综合确诊的肺泡微石症ＣＴ表现。结果常规ＣＴ表现：肺窗示肺实质内有无数细小散在的粟粒结节，以中下肺的外周部密集，其ＣＴ值为２００～４００ＨＵ，多合并不同程度的肺气肿及间质纤维化；纵隔窗示细结节影最密集区常呈沿胸膜的线带状或散在的点簇状钙化，形成“火焰征”及“白描征”。高分辨率ＣＴ（ＨＲＣＴ）表现：肺野似磨玻璃样，结节大小稍有区别，沿支气管血管束分布偏多及小叶间隔增厚。结论ＣＴ尤其ＨＲＣＴ能更准确地反映本病的综合病理特点及病程，在诊断及鉴别诊断中起决定性作用。     

Automatic detection of pulmonary nodules at spiral CT: clinical application of a computer-aided diagnosis system

The aim of this study was to evaluate a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) workstation with automatic detection of pulmonary nodules at low-dose spiral CT in a clinical setting for early detection of lung cancer. Eighty-eight consecutive spiral-CT examinations were reported by two radiologists in consensus. All examinations were reviewed using a CAD workstation with a self-developed algorithm for automatic detection of pulmonary nodules. The algorithm is designed to detect nodules with diameters of at least 5 mm. A total of 153 nodules were detected with at least one modality (radiologists in consensus, CAD, 85 nodules with diameter < 5 mm, 68 with diameter > or = 5 mm). The results of automatic nodule detection were compared to nodules detected with any modality as gold standard. Computer-aided diagnosis correctly identified 26 of 59 (38%) nodules with diameters > or = 5 mm detected by visual assessment by the radiologists; of these, CAD detected 44% (24 of 54) nodules without pleural contact. In addition, 12 nodules > or = 5 mm were detected which were not mentioned in the radiologist's report but represented real nodules. Sensitivity for detection of nodules > or = 5 mm was 85% (58 of 68) for radiologists and 38% (26 of 68) for CAD. There were 5.8+/-3.6 false-positive results of CAD per CT study. Computer-aided diagnosis improves detection of pulmonary nodules at spiral CT and is a valuable second opinion in a clinical setting for lung cancer screening despite of its still limited sensitivity.     

Coronal multiplanar reconstruction view from whole lung thin-section CT by multidetector-row CT: determination of malignant or benign lesions and differential diagnosis in 68 cases of solitary pulmonary nodule

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the coronal multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) view in comparison with transverse helical thin-section CT for both the determination of malignant or benign lesions and the differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-eight cases of pathologically proved solitary pulmonary nodule less than 3 cm in diameter were enrolled in this study. For the routine study, transverse helical thin-section CT (1.25 mm collimation, FOV 20 cm) covering the areas with solitary pulmonary nodules as well as whole lung helical thin-section CT (2.5 mm collimation, 1.25 mm reconstruction interval, FOV 34.5 cm, pitch 6:1, high-spatial frequency algorithm) were scanned with a multidetector-row CT (MDCT) scanner. From the whole lung thin-section CT data, coronal MPR views (2.5 mm slice thickness) were reconstructed on a workstation. ROC analysis was used for an observer performance study, in which three observers indicated their confidence level for the determination of malignant or benign lesion for the nodules by means of transverse thin-section CT and coronal MPR. In addition, the observers recorded appropriate disease entities as the final diagnosis of each case. Accuracies of the final diagnosis based on the two sets of images were compared with McNemer' s test. RESULTS: In terms of the determination of malignant or benign lesion, there was no significant difference between the two sets of images (coronal MPR and transverse thin-section CT; mean Az=0.853 and 0.854, respectively). In addition, accuracy of the final diagnosis based on coronal MPR views (74%) was almost equal to that based on transverse thin-section CT (71%) (p=0.3). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic efficacy of the coronal MPR view is comparable to that of transverse thin-section CT for the evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodules.     

Pulmonary metastases at diagnosis of neuroblastoma in pediatric patients: CT findings and prognosis

OBJECTIVE: We undertook this study to determine the frequency, CT appearance, and clinical implications of the rare occurrence of pulmonary metastases among children presenting with neuroblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of the Children's Cancer Group database revealed 21 of 567 children with reported lung metastases at original diagnosis of neuroblastoma. CT examinations available for 17 of these patients were analyzed retrospectively to determine if lung metastases were present, and if so, to characterize their radiographic features. RESULTS: Seventeen (3%) of 567 patients presenting with Evans stage IV neuroblastoma had confirmed pulmonary metastases at diagnosis. All had metastases to at least one site other than the lungs. The most common CT appearance of pulmonary lesions was of up to five, small, bilateral, noncalcified nodules. In nine patients (53%), the pulmonary nodules initially resolved with treatment. In this cohort, six children developed progressive disease and died, and three are still alive. All eight children whose lung lesion did not completely respond to treatment died. Overall, children with pulmonary metastases had unfavorable Shimada histology, a higher association with amplification of the MYCN oncogene (p = 0.0002), and a decreased event-free survival (p < 0.001) when compared with all children with stage IV neuroblastoma without pulmonary metastases. CONCLUSION: The search for neuroblastoma lung metastases, which occur more frequently than previously reported, is clinically important because their presence portends a poor prognosis.