壳聚糖作为牙周引导性组织再生屏障膜的实验研究

目的制备壳聚糖屏障膜,观察其微观结构,并观察在体外培养条件下壳聚糖膜对牙周膜细胞增殖的影响。方法采用相分离法制备壳聚糖膜,利用扫描电镜观察微观结构,MTT法评价壳聚糖膜对牙周膜细胞体外增殖的影响。结果于-5℃将20g/L的壳聚糖液冷冻干燥可制备出孔隙率>90%,孔隙直径介于50μm与100μm之间的壳聚糖膜,这种壳聚糖膜具有促进牙周膜细胞体外增殖的效应。结论壳聚糖膜适合作为引导性组织再生屏障膜。     

碳纳米管对镁合金基体上钙磷/壳聚糖膜层释药性能的影响

目的:研究碳纳米管对镁合金基体上钙磷/壳聚糖膜层负载的庆大霉素在模拟体液中释放性能的影响。方法:采用浸渍法分别将庆大霉素负载在钙磷/壳聚糖膜层和钙磷/壳聚糖/碳纳米管膜层中,采用紫外分光光度法测定庆大霉素在模拟体液中的释放浓度。结果:镁合金基体上钙磷/壳聚糖膜层负载碳纳米管后,膜层中庆大霉素负载量增加、庆大霉素释放速度降低。结论:碳纳米管有效改善了镁合金基钙磷/壳聚糖骨材料的释药性能。     

不同取代度的羟丙基壳聚糖生物降解性研究

目的：研究不同取代度的羟丙基壳聚糖膜的生物相容性及其取代度对生物降解性的影响。方法：通过体外降解及动物体内实验研究其降解性和生物相容性。结果：不同取代度的羟丙基壳聚糖均具有较好的生物相容性；随着取代度的增加，羟丙基壳聚糖膜的降解速度加快；并且溶茵酶对羟丙基壳聚糖膜的生物降解性有促进作用。结论：羟丙基壳聚糖膜具有良好的生物相容性。通过控制取代度，可以得到不同要求的羟丙基壳聚糖。     

壳聚糖膜的制备及其稳定性研究

将不同性能的壳聚糖制膜并研究了其稳定性。结果表明,壳聚糖膜可生物降解,其降解速度与介质pH、溶菌酶等因素有关。     

异丁基壳聚糖的制备与生物降解性研究

目的研究壳聚糖化学结构的修饰方法及改构后膜的生物降解性能。方法在碱性条件下 ,以溴代异丁烷为卤化剂对壳聚糖进行化学修饰 ,并通过体外观察及体内植入法研究膜的生物降解性能。结果改构后的壳聚糖有良好的水溶性和生物降解性能。结论异丁基的取代有效地破坏了壳聚糖的分子内氢键 ,使异丁基壳聚糖有良好的水溶性 ,且产物的生物降解性能远优于壳聚糖     

洛美沙星壳聚糖口腔溃疡膜的制备及含量测定方法的建立

目的 :研制洛美沙星壳聚糖口腔溃疡膜 ,并建立其含量测定方法。方法 :以壳聚糖、甘油、明胶为辅料制备洛美沙星壳聚糖口腔溃疡膜 ,建立了含量测定方法。结果 :此品制备工艺可行。结论 :此品适用于临床。     

壳聚糖-甘油膜的制备和表征

目的制备壳聚糖-甘油膜，用于解决术后粘连问题。方法通过将壳聚糖和甘油共混，充分利用两者的优点，达到生理功能的协同增效及物化性能的改善。结果实验表明，壳聚糖-甘油膜在湿态下仍具有良好的力学性能，在实际应用中能够承受缝合强度，其最大拉伸强度达到17．3MPa，断裂伸长率达到99％，并且壳聚糖-甘油膜具有良好的吸水率，最大吸水率为123％，在实际应用中减少了创伤面的积液。结论采用溶致沉淀法制备壳聚糖-甘油膜，大大节省了制备时间。甘油的加入有利于改善膜的柔韧性，满足实际应用需要，壳聚糖-甘油膜无色透明、表面光洁、无气泡、手感柔韧性较好。该膜经动物体内植入实验，与对照组相比，有明显的防粘连效果。     

替硝唑壳聚糖口腔膜剂的研制与临床疗效

目的制备替硝唑壳聚糖口腔膜剂 ,并应用于临床。方法以壳聚糖、卡波普、羧甲基纤维素为成膜材料制备替硝唑壳聚糖口腔膜剂 ,建立质量标准 ,并对其进行疗效观察。结果该膜剂制备工艺简单 ,质量控制方法可靠 ,临床疗效确切 ,总有效率达 96 .5 %。结论此品可试用于临床     

改性壳聚糖膜在兔眼中的降解及组织病理学观察

目的了解兔眼中壳聚糖膜的降解与生物相容性 ,观察眼组织的病理学变化。方法对兔眼实施小梁切除术 ,将不同相对分子质量改性壳聚糖膜 ,植入板层巩膜瓣下 ,分别于术后 1、4、1 2周处死 ,摘除眼球 ,病理切片 ,观察组织反应。结果在植入早期 1、4周时 ,局部组织出现明显的炎症反应 ,随时间的推移 ,改性壳聚糖膜的降解速度加快 ,1 2周时 ,已降解为碎屑状 ,炎症反应基本消失。结论改性壳聚糖膜植入兔眼内可降解吸收 ,对兔眼组织不产生病理性损害     

如意金黄散膜剂的制备

目的以脱乙酰壳聚糖为成膜材料制备了如意金黄散膜剂。方法兼顾如意金黄散中各主要成分的溶解性，以乙醇为溶剂提取有效成分，以壳聚糖为成膜材料制备膜剂，HPLC测定膜剂中的姜黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、小檗碱的含量。结果以膜剂中大黄酸的释放度为评价指标，膜剂体外缓释效果良好。结论以壳聚糖为成膜材料制备如意金黄散膜剂柔性良好，大黄酸体外缓释作用良好。     

防术后粘连膜的动物实验研究

本研究首次采用新型天然生物材料壳和膜材料,研制了了可降解吸收型防术后粘连膜,并通过动物体内植入实验研究其生物降解性,经组织学光镜观察考究其组织相容性。结果表明,壳聚糖是一种性能优良的生物降解性材料 较好的组织相容性,可以用于防术后的连膜的研制。     

壳聚糖天然保鲜剂的研究进展

壳聚糖作为一种非常有价值的天然高分子材料,已经引起越来越多的国家和研究机构的重视。本研究综述壳聚糖的成膜特性及壳聚糖保鲜膜的种类,并且介绍其对果蔬的保鲜效果。     

Preparation and characterization of chitosan nanopores membranes for the transport of drugs

In this paper, a novel chitosan nanopores membrane was developed by selective dissolution of its composition. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the porogen was selected to generate the nanopores structure of chitosan membrane. As the observation with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we could find that the PEG content was greatly influenced on the structure of chitosan membrane. As the PEG content was larger than 50%, the chitosan nanopores membrane could successfully developed. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurement revealed that the PEG component could not be completely dissolved from the membrane and there was presence the possible interaction (hydrogen bond) between two components. Water adsorption test suggested that the obtained membranes have the great capacity of water adsorption ranging from 162.4 ± 22.5% to 321.5 ± 6.5%. In vitro degradation experiment showed that the obtained chitosan membranes have good biodegradability in the lysozyme solution. The permeability test was performed with two model drugs: vitamin B12 (non-ionic water-soluble drug) and sodium sulfamerazine (ionic water-soluble drug). And the results showed that these two drugs have significant differences in the permeability, indicating that chitosan nanopores membranes can potentially be used to the transport of drugs with controlled diffusion manner.     

Novel design of osmotic chitosan capsules characterized by asymmetric membrane structure for in situ formation of delivery orifice

In this study, chitosan capsules with asymmetric membrane to induce osmotic effects and in situ formation of the delivery orifice were optimally prepared and characterized. Chitosan capsules were formed on stainless steel mold pins by dipping the pins into a chitosan solution followed by forming asymmetric structure by dipping into a quenching solution containing tripolyphosphate (TPP) to cause an ionic cross-linking reaction between the outer layer of chitosan and TPP. Factors influencing the properties of the capsule membrane, such as the molecular weight of chitosan, the dipping solution and dipping time, and the quenching solution and time, were optimized to successfully produce osmotic chitosan capsules with asymmetric membrane using chitosans that possessed different viscosities. In situ formation of a delivery orifice on the asymmetric membrane of the chitosan capsule was proven by the observation of a jet stream of chlorophyll being released from the capsule. Drugs with different solubility were selected, and a linear correlation between drug solubility and the initial drug release rate calculated from the slope of the drug release profile was used to verify that the delivery orifices that were in situ formed on the asymmetric membrane of the chitosan capsules induced by osmotic effect was responsible for the drug release. Water permeability across the optimally produced asymmetric membrane of the capsule from chitosan of 500 cps (300-700 cps) quenched with TPP for 30 min (C500/TPP30) was determined to be 1.40 x 10(-6)cm(2)h(-1)atm(-1) at 37.0+/-0.5 degrees C. The encapsulation of poorly water-soluble drugs, felodipine (FE) and nifedipine (NF), in such an asymmetric chitosan capsule was capable of creating a sufficient osmotic effect to activate the release of the drug with the addition of SLS and HPMC. The multiple regression equations of maximal release percent at 24h for FE and NF confirmed that both sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) positively influenced this response factor, and the effect of SLS was greater than that of HPMC.     

壳聚糖在药物缓释中的应用

壳聚糖作为一种资源丰富的新型天然高分子化合物，具有良好的生物相容性，低毒性，易于吸收等特点，是一种良好的药物释放载体。文章综述了壳聚糖微球，纳米粒，膜等的制备方法，缓释效果及其在临床上的应用。     

壳聚糖宫颈抗菌膜与重组人干扰素局部治疗宫颈囊肿的疗效和超声学变化对比研究

目的：对比研究壳聚糖宫颈抗菌膜、重组人干扰素局部用药对宫颈囊肿的临床疗效和超声学变化。方法选取2013年4月至7月收治的宫颈囊肿患者60例,按单发或多发、囊肿发病部位、是否伴宫颈肥胖平均分为壳聚糖宫颈抗菌膜组和重组人干扰素组,比较两组患者临床症状改善和总有效率以及超声学有效率,记录不良反应。结果治疗后两组患者分泌物、瘙痒评分均较治疗前显著下降（ P〈0.01）,灼烧和下腹疼痛评分下降（ P〈0.05）,壳聚糖宫颈抗菌膜组患者分泌物、灼烧评分降低更明显（ P〈0.05）;壳聚糖宫颈抗菌膜组临床总有效率较重组人干扰素组略高,但差异无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）。壳聚糖宫颈抗菌膜组超声学总有效率比重组人干扰素组略高,但无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）。治疗过程中,两组均无明显不良反应。结论壳聚糖宫颈抗菌膜局部给药治疗宫颈囊肿,超声学总有效率有高于重组人干扰素,在改善临床症状方面优于重组人干扰素,且安全性高,值得临床推广。     

Synthesis and Charactersiation of Chitosan conjugate; Design and Evaluation of Membrane Moderated Type Transdermal Drug Delivery System

The purpose of the present research investigation was to synthesis, characterisation of chitosan conjugates and its effect on drug permeation from transdermal rate controlling membrane. Chitosan conjugate was synthesised by conjugation with thioglycolic acid. The prepared chitosan conjugate was characterised by determining the charring point, Fourier transmission-infrared and differential scanning calorimetric analysis. The rate controlling membranes were prepared by various proportions of chitosan and chitosan conjugate, to moderate drug permeation through rate controlling membrane. The membrane moderated transdermal system consists of reservoir to hold the drug gel was prepared by 20% w/v ethylcellulose with a cavity in its center. An impermeable backing layer was prepared by 2% w/v ethylcellulose. Gel consists of carvedilol was prepared by sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose in ethanol:water solvent system The rate controlling membranes prepared were evaluated by various parameters like thickness, folding endurance, swelling index, moisture content, moisture uptake, water vapor transmission rate, tensile strength test, measurement of gel strength, in vitro permeation study, ex vivo permeation study, compatibility study using differential scanning calorimetry and stability studies. All physical parameters evident that prepared membranes have good folding endurance and sufficient tensile strength. As the proportion of chitosan conjugate increases in membrane swelling index, moisture content, moisture uptake and permeability coefficient increases. The gel strength of chitosan conjugate was considerable less compared with chitosan.     

Chitosan-based controlled porosity osmotic pump for colon-specific delivery system: screening of formulation variables and in vitro investigation

A microbially triggered colon-targeted osmotic pump (MTCT-OP) has been studied. The gelable property at acid condition and colon-specific biodegradation of chitosan were used to: (1) produce the osmotic pressure, (2) form the drug suspension and (3) form the in situ delivery pores for colon-specific drug release, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study and the calculation of membrane permeability were applied to elucidate the mechanism of MTCT-OP. The effects of different formulation variables, including the level of pH-regulating excipient (citric acid) and the amount of chitosan in the core, the weight gain of semipermeable membrane and enteric-coating membrane, and the level of pore former (chitosan) in the semipermeable membrane, have been studied. Results of SEM showed that the in situ delivery pores could be formed in predetermined time after coming into contact with dissolution medium, and the number of pore was dependent on the initial level of pore former in the membrane. The amount of budesonide release was directly proportional to the initial level of pore former, but inversely related to the weight of semipermeable membrane. The effects of variations in the level of citric acid and chitosan in the core formulation on drug release were studied. The different levels of enteric-coating membrane could prevent cellulose acetate membrane (containing chitosan as pore former) from forming pore or rupture before contact with simulated colonic fluid, but had no effect on the drug release. Budesonide release from the developed formulation was inversely proportional to the osmotic pressure of the release medium, confirming that osmotic pumping was the major mechanism of drug release. These results showed that MTCT-OP based on osmotic technology and microbially triggered mechanism had a high potential for colon-specific drug delivery.     

渗透促进剂对多肽类药物肺部给药促渗作用的机理

目的从肺细胞膜流动性的角度探讨渗透促进剂增加多肽类药物肺部吸收的作用机制。方法以鲑鱼降钙素(sCT)为模型药物,考查多种渗透促进剂对sCT经肺吸收的促进作用。采用电子自旋共振(ESR)技术和荧光偏振技术测定旋转相关时间(τ_C)及荧光偏振度(P),计算渗透促进剂处理前后膜脂流动性和膜蛋白构象的变化,从而考查渗透促进剂增加药物肺部吸收的原因。结果可以显著促进药物吸收的苄泽78、卵磷脂、辛酸钠均引起膜脂质流动性的增加,同时造成蛋白构象不同程度的松散;牛磺胆酸钠对膜蛋白的影响较弱;壳聚糖降低膜脂流动性,其促渗作用主要来自于改变了膜蛋白的三级结构而使细胞间紧密连接张力减小;2-羟丙基-β-环糊精对药物吸收没有明显贡献,同时其对膜通透性基本没有影响。结论考查体外细胞膜流动性的变化为研究渗透促进剂对药物肺部吸收的促进作用提供了重要依据。