萘普生中间体2-氨基-2-(5-溴-6-甲氧基-2-萘基)丙酸的合成

采用1，3－二溴－5，5－二甲基乙丙酰脲作催化剂，在丙酮溶剂中，以盐酸作催化剂，于室温快速(8min)、高收率（96％）地对2－甲氧基萘的萘环进行溴化，再经乙酰化、Bucherer-Berg环化和水解反应，制得萘普生中间体2－氨基－2－（5－溴－6-甲氧基－2－萘基）丙酸。并对环化反应的条件进行了优化，反应总收率68％。     

头孢地嗪钠中间体2-巯基-4-甲基-5-噻唑乙酸的合成

以4－氧代戊酸为原料，经过溴代，环合，酸析等反应，制备了2－巯基－4－甲基－5－噻唑乙酸。该合成路线工艺简单，反应条件温和，总产率达到50％以上。     

利用柳卡尔特反应合成4-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-萘胺

目的：合成４－（３,４－二氯苯基）－１,２,３,４－四氢－１－萘胺。方法：采用柳卡尔特反应合成,并对反应条件进行探讨。结果：最佳合成条件为：反应温度１８０℃,时间４ｈ,产率６０％,结论：柳卡尔特反应是由羰基化合物制备胺类化合物的有效途径。     

1-[2-(N-甲基)氨基-2-(2,4-二氯苯基)乙基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑化合物的合成

目的：改进1－[2-（N－甲基）氨基－2－（2,4－二氯苯基）乙基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑的合成方法,降低成本,提高收率,方法：以2－氯－1－（2,4－二氯苯基）乙酮为原料,经三唑烷基化与甲胺反应生成酮亚胺后还原（A法）,或与N－甲基甲酰胺进行Leukart反应（B法）,结果：A和B两种方法制得目标化合物的收率分别为57．6％和63．2％。结论：A和B两种方法原料易得,反应简便,降低了成本,提高了收率。     

2-吡啶甲醛和2,4-吡啶二甲醛的简便合成

将2－吡啶甲醛与碘混合后加热至145℃反应可直接得到2－吡啶甲醛，收率35％。同时也可制备2，4－吡啶甲醛。     

4-苯基-5-乙氧羰基-6-甲基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮的绿色合成研究

目的探索操作简便,环境友好的4－苯基－5－乙氧羰基－6－甲基－3,4－二氢嘧啶－2（1H）－酮的合成方法。方法 以苯甲醛、乙酰乙酸乙酯和尿素作为起始原料,在无溶剂和微波加热条件下,选择1－丁基－3－甲基咪唑氯盐和1－丁基－3－甲基咪唑－L－乳酸盐两种不同的离子液体分别催化Biginelli反应制备4－苯基－5－乙氧羰基－6－甲基－3,4－二氢嘧啶－2（1H）－酮,并比较两种离子液体的催化效果。结果两种离子液体在微波、无溶剂条件下均可催化Biginelli反应制得目标化合物,其中1－丁基－3－甲基咪唑－L－乳酸盐作为催化剂目标化合物收率较高。结论以离子液体－丁基－3－甲基眯唑－L－乳酸盐作为催化剂,经微波、无溶剂Biginelli反应制备4－苯基－5－乙氧羰基－6-甲基－3,4－二氢嘧啶－2（1H）－酮,是一种易于操作的绿色合成方法。     

3-氯-2,4,5-三氟苯甲酸的合成

目的：合成3－氯－2，4，5－三氟苯甲酸。方法：以3，4，5，6－四氟苯二甲酸为起始原料，经酯化、氨化、重氮化和桑德迈耳反应制得3－氯－2，4，5－三氟苯甲酸。结果；酯化时使用发烟硫酸；重氮化和桑德迈耳反应时溶剂由水改为水和二氯乙烷，使产率增加，质量提高。结论：该合成路线条件温和、操作简单，收率提高到61．8％。     

2-吡啶甲醛的改进合成法

研究了用价廉的氧化剂NaNO2－醋酐氧化2－吡啶甲醇制备2－吡啶甲醋的方法。2－吡啶甲醇和NaNO2-醋酐混合物在冰浴中搅拌30min，反应混合物经后处理得2－吡啶甲醛，收率为87％。     

5-(β-萘氧甲基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-硫酮和两种曼尼希碱的合成及抑菌活性

用β－荼酚为原料经酯化、肼解、环化合成了５－（β－荼氧甲基）－１,３,４－口恶二唑－２－硫酮。然后经曼尼希碱反应,生成两种曼尼希碱。其化学结构经红外光谱、核磁共振和元素分析证实。并进行了初步的抑菌活性实验。     

3β-羟基孕甾-5-烯-20-酮-3-醋酸酯的合成工艺改进

双烯醇酮醋酸酯在活性镍催化氢化反应后得到的副产物3β，20（R，S）－二羟基孕甾－5－烯－3－醋酸酯通过适当的氧化反应可制成3β－羟基孕甾－5－烯－20－酮－3－3醋酸酯，后者可用于黄体酮生产。     

The Development of an Assertiveness Program on an Alcoholism Unit

This article describes the integration of an assertion training component into an overall treatment program for alcoholism on an inpatient unit. The usefulness of assertion training is delineated, particularly with regard to relapse prevention. Specific techniques that work well with an alcoholic population are described. Suggestions for the staffing of an assertion training group are made.     

加强高校公共卫生安全保障的思考

良好的公共卫生安全是髙校安全稳定和校园和谐建设的需要,是维护高校正常教学秩序和科研活动的保障,也是高校管理工作的重要内容。本文对公共卫生、公共卫生安全和高校公共卫生安全的概念进行了诠释,分析了高校在公共卫生安全方面存在的问题,就如何发挥高校功能社区优势,建立高校突发公共卫生事件群防群控的工作格局,加强公共卫生安全保障进行了思考。     

Predicting an Alcohol Use Disorder in Urban American Indian Youths

This study examines predictors of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) among an urban American Indian cohort who were followed from approximately age 11 to age 20. Approximately 27% of the sample had a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence. The results indicated that externalizing, but not internalizing, behaviors, family conflict, and school liking served as significant predictors of an AUD. Neither having an alcoholic mother nor an alcoholic father was found to be significantly predictive of an alcohol use disorder at ages 19 and 20. Finally, early alcohol initiation was a substantial predictor of an AUD and acted as a partial mediator.     

Design and inhibitory properties of synthetic Bowman-Birk loops

A cyclic tridecapeptide based on the sequence of an anti-tryptic loop of a Bowman-Birk inhibitor was synthesized, and demonstrated to be active as an inhibitor of trypsin. Molecular modeling of this sequence suggested an improved sequence which demonstrated an order of magnitude improvement in the inhibitory constant.     

甲泼尼龙和维库溴铵联用相关急性类固醇肌病

1例65岁男性因肺炎合并呼吸衰竭,给予高流量吸氧,亚胺培南-西司他丁钠0.5 g、1次/8 h静脉滴注,万古霉素0.5 g、1次/8 h静脉滴注,莫西沙星0.4 g、1次/d静脉滴注,甲泼尼龙160 mg/d静脉滴注。治疗3 d病情控制不佳,行气管插管和呼吸机机械通气,因患者出现躁动应用维库溴铵4 mg静脉推注,4～6 h重复给药(16～20mg/d),同时甲泼尼龙减量至80 mg/d静脉滴注。治疗5 d患者出现睁眼困难,肌力下降,四肢腱反射减弱,肌酸激酶(CK)650 U/L,考虑为急性类固醇肌病。停用维库溴铵,改为丙泊酚,甲泼尼龙减量至40 mg/d静脉滴注。2 d后症状缓解,睁眼困难消失,四肢肌力逐渐恢复。5 d后患者CK 119 U/L,肌无力症状完全消失。     

论病案首页在医院管理中的重要地位

病案管理在医院管理中有重要地位,病案首页是病案的重要组成部分,病案首页是医疗质量的评估反馈,是医疗统计的原始数据,是医疗考核的重要指标,是医疗事故鉴定的重要依据,并因此对医院管理者制定决策起到了重要的参考价值。     

The Development and Transportability of Multisystemic Therapy-Substance Abuse: A Treatment for Adolescents with Substance Use Disorders

Multisystemic Therapy (MST; Henggeler, Schoenwald, Borduin, Rowland, & Cunningham, 2009) is an evidence-based treatment that has been shown to be effective with adolescents with conduct-related problems. This article describes the development and transportability process related to an adaptation of MST titled Multisystemic Therapy-Substance Abuse (MST-SA). MST-SA is designed to treat adolescents with substance use disorders and is based on the work of Budney and Higgins (1998) and Azrin and colleagues (2001). Budney and Higgins have developed an effective treatment for adult cocaine abusers titled Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA). CRA is a form of contingency management (an evidence-based treatment for substance use disorder), which consists of frequent drug testing, an extensive reward system, functional analyses of triggers for drug use, plans to address triggers for drug use, and drug refusal skill training. Azrin and colleagues (2001) have developed an effective treatment for adolescents with substance use disorders, which includes an extensive list of rewards adolescents can earn for having negative drug screens. This article discusses results from an adaptation pilot, a randomized clinical efficacy trial, an effectiveness trial, and transportability pilots of MST-SA. Overall, results have been favorable for MST-SA, and efforts to transport MST-SA are underway with more than 30 transportability pilots of MST-SA in the United States, England, and Denmark.     

脂肪酸修饰活性蛋白质的工艺研究

目的以牛血清白蛋白为例建立用脂肪酸修饰活性蛋白质的工艺。方法通过脂肪酸的酰氯在酸催化下50℃与N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺反应制备活化酯,再与蛋白质发生偶联形成产物,利用红外谱图对反应产物进行鉴定。结果月桂酸、棕榈酸等脂肪酸与氯化亚砜回馏3 h很容易得到相应的脂肪酰氯,酰氯在酸催化下50℃与N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺反应3 h可以将N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺转变成活性酯,产率为90%,脂肪酸的活性酯在pH=8的缓冲液可以偶联到活性蛋白质上,活化酯转化率为87.9%。结论建立了脂肪酸修饰活性蛋白质的工艺。     

胃肠安联合替加氟对结肠癌HT29细胞体内外抑制作用的研究

目的研究胃肠安联合替加氟对结肠癌HT29细胞的体内外抑制作用。方法采用MTT法测定胃肠安联合替加氟对结肠癌HT29细胞的抑制作用,并采用流式细胞仪检测结肠癌HT29细胞中CD133+的表达情况。建立结肠癌HT29细胞裸鼠模型,对照组尾静脉注射生理盐水,0.2 mL/次,2次/周。替加氟组尾iv替加氟注射液,36 mg/kg,1次/周;胃肠安丸组,用纯净水将按胃肠安丸配成4 mg/kg,ig 0.2 mL/d;胃肠安+替加氟组尾iv替加氟注射液,36 mg/kg,1次/周;同时,用纯净水将按胃肠安丸配成4 mg/kg,ig 0.2 mL/d。观察胃肠安联合替加氟对荷瘤裸鼠生存状况和结肠癌HT-29细胞的影响。结果与对照组比较,替加氟组、胃肠安组、胃肠安+替加氟组抑制结肠癌HT-29细胞的增殖能力明升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);胃肠安+替加氟组明显高于单独使用替加氟组、胃肠安组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组比较,替加氟组、胃肠安组、胃肠安+替加氟组的CD133+细胞比例明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);胃肠安+替加氟组明显低于单独使用替加氟组、胃肠安组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,胃肠安组、替加氟组、胃肠安+替加氟组的实体瘤质量明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);胃肠安+替加氟组的实体瘤质量明显低于胃肠安组和替加氟组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胃肠安联合替加氟对结肠癌HT29细胞及其干细胞的增殖有抑制作用。     

Uncoupling of the calcium pump of the sarcoplasmic reticulum by kerosene

The effect of kerosene on the calcium pump of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was investigated. Kerosene induces an increase in the rates of ATP hydrolysis without a change in calcium influx, so there is an overall decrease in the efficiency of the pump. These effects are dose-dependent. Our findings imply that kerosene induces an effect on the membrane of vesicles, reducing or inhibiting net calcium accumulation. It is concluded that kerosene induces an 'uncoupling' of the calcium pump through an alteration in the permeability of the membrane.