2,4-二氨基-5-氯-6-取代苄氨基喹唑啉类化合物的合成及其抗疟、抗肿瘤和抗菌活性

本文报道标题化合物的合成及其抗疟、抗肿瘤和抗菌活性,该类化合物是以5-氯-2,4, 6-三氨基喹唑啉与各种取代苯甲醛缩合成相应的Schiff碱,然后经NaBH₄还原,再甲酰化或亚硝化制得.经对感染伯氏疟原虫(P.berghei)的鼠抑制性治疗筛选,有八个化合物剂量20mg/kg×4d时抑制率100%,Ⅰ₃,Ⅰ₄,Ⅲ₄三个化合物剂量5mg/kg×4d时抑制率在90%以上;体外抗肿瘤试验有4个化合物的活性优于MTX和SIPl759,以Ⅰ₄最佳。对L1210白血病细胞株的IC₅₀为2.20×10^-9 m mol/L;经对18种常用菌株进行体外筛选,发现对肺炎双球菌(D.pneumoniae)有较好的活性。     

疟疾防治药物的研究——Ⅺ.2,4-二氨基-6-(N-取代-对氯苄氨基)喹唑啉衍生物的合成及其抗疟作用

合成2,4-二氨基-6-(N-取代-对氯苄氨基)喹唑啉衍生物33个,经伯氏鼠疟原虫(Plasmodium berghei)抑制性治疗筛选,剂量20mg/kg×3d,有10个化合物(1,2,5～8,14,20,21,26)抑制率在90%以上。经约氏鼠疟原虫(P.yoelii)斯氏按蚊系统的病因性预防筛选,剂量5mg/kg×3d,有26个化合物(1～12,14,20～22,24～33)使小白鼠全部得到保护;剂量下降到0.625mg/kg×3d,有14个化合物(5～12,14,20,21,26,31,33)使小白鼠全部得到保护(表1)。4个化合物(1,8,20,25,表2,3)进行了猴疟(P.cynomolgi)试验,效果不及伯喹和乙胺嘧啶。     

抗疟药的研究——Ⅲ.2-(取代苯乙烯基)-4-氨基吡啶类的合成

本文报道2-(取代苯乙烯基)-4-(4′-二乙氨基-1′-甲基丁基氨基)-吡啶类的合成。动物筛选的初步结果表明:口服给药6.25mg/kg,化合物Ⅲ₂、Ⅲ₄和Ⅲ₇能完全抑制感染伯氏鼠疟原虫氯喹敏感株(Plalmodium berghei)小白鼠的原虫血症;皮下给药1.8mg/kg,化合物Ⅲ,即能达到完全抑制。     

三氟甲基氨酚喹类似物的合成及其抗疟活性

本文报道了22个7-三氟甲基和2-甲基-7-三氟甲基氨酚喹类似物的合成。用伯氏疟原虫(plasmodium berghei)ANKA正常株感染小鼠作抑制性治疗试验,在剂量为(10 mg/kg)/d×4和(20 mg/kg)/d×4时,有11个化合物(Ⅰ_1～9,Ⅱ₃和Ⅱ₆)对疟原虫完全抑制。其中3个化合物(Ⅰ₂,Ⅰ₆和Ⅰ₇)在剂量为(5 mg/kg)/d×4时,就能对原虫完全抑制。12个化合物(Ⅰ_1～10,Ⅱ₃和Ⅱ₆)用伯氏疟原虫ANKA抗氯喹株感染小鼠作治疗试验,剂量为(20 mg/kg)/d×4,2个化合物(Ⅰ₄和Ⅱ₃)在受试的5只小鼠中,原虫完全被抑制的鼠分别为3和4只,用相同剂量的对照药物盐酸氨酚喹治疗,原虫仍为阳性。     

3-[p-ω-取代氨基烃氧基)-苯甲酰]-吲哚衍生物的合成

本文根据某些吲哚化合物具有抗生育活性,结合多数非甾体抗生育化合物联有碱性醚链的结构特征,设计并合成了以吲哚为母核的四种类型化合物(Ⅰ_1～7,Ⅱ_1～7,Ⅲ_1～7,Ⅳ₁)22个,并验证了三个熔点与文献报道不符的关键中间体。对小白鼠的初步药理试验表明:所合成的化合物均无抗着床作用;Ⅱ₁,Ⅱ₂,Ⅱ₄和Ⅱ₅有明显的镇痛作用;Ⅲ₂和Ⅲ₃则有较强的抗电休克作用。     

2,4-二氨基5-氟-6-取代苄氨基喹唑啉的合成及生物活性

本文报道2,4-二氨基-5-氟-6-取代苄氨基喹唑啉类化合物的合成及抗疟、抗肿瘤和抗菌活性,这类化合物的合成是由5-氟-2,4,6-三氨基喹唑啉(6a)与取代苯甲醛缩合成Schiff碱,然后经还原、甲酰化、亚硝化或甲基化制得。5-氟-2,4,6-三氨基喹唑啉(6a)尚未见文献报道,由5-氟-2,4-二氨基喹唑啉(4)经硝化生成异构体5a和5b分离得5a后再经还原制得。经对伯氏鼠疟原虫Plasmodium berghei抑制性治疗筛选,有6个化合物I_2,4.5,6和II_5,6以每日1mg·kg^-1,给药4天,抑制率为100%;体外抗肿瘤活性以I4最强,对L1210白血病细胞的IC₅₀为9.86×10^-4μg·mL^-1,优于氨甲蝶呤(MTX);经对18种常见菌进行体外筛选,发现对肺炎双球菌Diplococcus pneumoniae活性较好。     

抗疟药的研究——α-(烷氨基甲基)-卤代-4-芴甲醇类化合物的合成

本文报道α-(烷氨基甲基)-7-溴-4-芴甲醇Ⅰ和α-(烷氨基甲基)-2,7-二氯-4-芴甲醇Ⅱ的合成。动物筛选的初步结果表明,这两类化合物均有一定的抗鼠疟作用。Ⅱ类化合物的抗疟作用比Ⅰ类化合物的强,Ⅱ类中的大多数化合物用25mg/kg的剂量即能抑制感染伯氏鼠疟原虫株(Plasmodium berghei berghei NK 65)小白鼠的原虫血症,其中Ⅱ_g,Ⅱ_h和Ⅱ_i用5mg/kg的剂量也能达到完全抑制。     

7-酰氨基-3-(1,2,3-三唑甲基)头孢菌素衍生物的合成及其抗菌活性

本文以青霉素G扩环而得的7-苯乙酰氨基-3-甲基-3-头孢烯-4-羧酸(Ⅰ)为原料,合成了12个C₃位上有1,2,3-三唑甲基取代的新头孢菌素衍生物(Ⅷ_1～12),并经分析确证了各化合物的结构。体外抑菌试验结果表明,其中6个化合物,即Ⅶ_2～4,9～11,不仅对革兰氏阳性菌有较高的抑制作用。而且对革兰氏阴性菌也有高度敏感性。     

疟疾防治药物的研究——Ⅶ.2,4-二哌啶(或吡咯啶)基-6-取代氨基喹唑啉衍生物的合成及其抗疟作用

本文报道2,4-二哌啶(或吡咯啶)基-6-取代氨基喹唑啉衍生物的合成及其抗疟作用。该类化合物经伯氏鼠疟原虫(Plasmodium berghei)抑制性治疗和约氏鼠疟原虫(P.yoelii)病因性预防筛选,发现有16个化合物对感染约氏鼠疟原虫的小鼠有病因性预防作用,其中以Ⅵ₁₁,Ⅷ₁,Ⅸ₂及Ⅸ₄四个化合物效果最好,每天口服2.5 mg/kg,连续三天,可使小鼠得到完全保护。此类化合物的合成,是以2,4-二氯-6-硝基喹唑啉与哌啶或吡咯啶缩合,经还原得2,4-二哌啶(或吡咯啶)基-6-氨基喹唑啉,然后与相应的取代苯甲醛缩合成席夫氏碱,再经还原和亚硝化而制得。     

肿瘤的化学治疗 ⅩⅩⅢ.若干[双-(β-卤乙基)-氨基]-吲■-2-羧酸及其乙酯的合成

由5(及7)-[双-(β-羥乙基)-氨基]吲(口朶)-2-羧酸乙酯(Ⅶ_a,b)合成了5(及7)-[双-(β-氯乙基)-氨基]吲(口朶)-2-羧酸乙酯(Ⅱ_a和Ⅱ_b)、5(及7)-[双-(β-溴乙基)-氨基]-吲(口朶)-2-羧酸乙酯(Ⅱ_c和Ⅱ_d)以及5(及7)-[双-(β-碘乙基)-氨基]-吲(口朶)-2-羧酸乙酯(Ⅱ_e和Ⅱ_f)。再經水解制得其相应的羧酸(I_a-f)。此外又合成了5(及7)-乙氧羰氨基-吲(口朶)-2-羧酸乙酯(IX_a,b)和5-乙氧基-7-[双-(β-氯乙基)-氨基]-吲(口朶)-2-羧酸乙酯(Ⅶ)。化合物I_a,I_b,I_c,Ⅱ_a,Ⅱ_b,Ⅱ_c,Ⅱ_e和Ⅱ_f对組織培养Hela細胞有明显的抑制作用。化合物Ⅰ_a,Ⅰ_b,Ⅱ_a和Ⅱ_b口服时对小鼠肉瘤180有明显的抑制作用。化合物Ⅰ_e,Ⅰ_f和Ⅻ对肉瘤180具有中度的抑制作用。     

疟疾治疗药物——4-芳胺基-2-特丁胺甲基酚类化合物的合成

世界许多地区,由于恶性疟原虫对氯喹已产生抗药性,因此,迫切需要寻找高效、速效、低毒与氯喹无交叉抗药性的新药。Schmidt报道将2-二乙胺甲基-4-特丁基-6-苯基苯酚(Ⅰ_a)中的二乙胺基改为特丁胺基,同时于6-苯基的对位引入氯原子,即化合物(Ⅰ_a),对多种     

酮替芬治疗猴疟的研究

酮替芬以0.7～20 mg/kg×3天治疗食蟹猴疟证明有明显疗效,无性体与配子体分别于93～102.5 h及102.5～120 h转阴,作用较氯喹慢。对组织期实验证明无效。酮替芬以抗过敏临床治疗剂量0.1 mg/kg合并周效磺胺5 mg/kg连用3天,无性体与配子体分别于79.5 h及153 h消失,表明两药合用有协同作用。使用上述各种剂量未发现嗜睡等不良反应。追踪观察30天,仅酮替芬5 mg/kg×3天治疗2只猴中1只及1 mg/kg×3天治疗的2只猴出现原虫复燃。本研究结果证明,酮替芬是具有抗疟作用的新型化合物,但其对人类疟疾的抗疟作用尚待研究证实。     

伯氏疟原虫对青蒿素抗药性的研究

仿Peters剂量递增法用伯氏疟原虫ANKA株及N株对QHS进行了抗药性的研究。经14个月的培育至第58代,QHS im注射“4日抑制性实验”的ED₅₀在RQ/ANKA系及RQ/N系分别为其亲代系的53.4及54.6倍,但经蚊传未获成功。在第40代(I₅₀=25)时,其50%的治愈剂量为其亲代系的5.4倍。停药传代其抗性会逐渐消失。该虫系对青蒿酯钠及蒿甲醚有明显的交叉抗性,其ED₅₀分别为其亲代系的13.1及11.7倍,对伯喹的抗性为2.9倍,对氯喹未见明显交叉抗性。     

食蟹猴疟原虫——斯氏按蚊系统猴疟模型的一些生物学特性和对常用抗疟药物的生物效应

本文证明在一定条件下,斯氏按蚊对食蟹猴疟原虫的感染率为77±0.15%;恒河猴易感性强,对照组的感染率非常稳定,用10⁵个以上子孢子静脉接种恒河猴可100%获得感染。在食蟹猴疟原虫—斯氏按蚊系统猴疟模型上,常用抗疟药如乙胺嘧啶、伯喹显示有病因性预防作用。伯喹剂量达到2.5mg(基质)/kg×5天,合并氯喹20mg(基质)/kg×3天显示有权治作用,氯喹20mg(基质)kg×3天则仅能显示抑制性治疗作用。     

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel 3-cinnamoyl-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-ones as antimalarial agents

A novel series of 3-cinnamoyl-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-ones were designed, synthesized and screened for antiplasmodial activity. Eleven compounds of the series exhibited micromolar potency against chloroquine sensitive and chloroquine resistant strains. The most potent compound 4-hydroxy-3-(3-(4-nitrophenyl)acryloyl)-2H-chromen-2-one showed inhibitory potency (IC₅₀) of 3.1 and 4?μg/ml against chloroquine sensitive and chloroquine resistant strains, respectively. A structure activity relationship study was performed by correlating the effect of substituents with the antimalarial activity of the title compounds. The novel 3-cinnamoyl-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-ones reported here should be good lead for further development of antimalarial agents that can overcome resistance.     

Design and Synthesis of a New Class of 4‐Aminoquinolinyl‐ and 9‐Anilinoacridinyl Schiff Base Hydrazones as Potent Antimalarial Agents

A series of novel 4‐aminoquinolinyl and 9‐anilinoacridinyl Schiff base hydrazones have been synthesized and evaluated for their antimalarial activity. All compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antimalarial activity against chloroquine‐sensitive strain 3D7 and the chloroquine‐resistant K1 strain of Plasmodium falciparum and for cytotoxicity toward Vero cells. Compounds 17 , 20 , and 21 displayed good activity against the 3D7 strain with IC₅₀ values ranging from 19.69 to 25.38 nm . Moreover, compounds 16 , 17 , 21 , 24 , 32, and 33 exhibited excellent activities (21.64–54.26 nm ) against K1 strain and several compounds displayed β‐hematin inhibitory activity, suggesting that they act on the heme crystallization process such as CQ. Compounds were also found to be non‐toxic with good selectivity index.     

New Compounds Hybrids 1H‐1,2,3‐Triazole‐Quinoline Against Plasmodium falciparum

Malaria is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases in the world. The global importance of this disease, current vector control limitations, and the absence of an effective vaccine make the use of therapeutic antimalarial drugs the main strategy to control malaria. Chloroquine is a cost‐effective antimalarial drug with a relatively robust safety profile, or therapeutic index. However, chloroquine is no longer used alone to treat patients with Plasmodium falciparum due to the emergence and spread of chloroquine‐resistant strains, which have also been reported for Plasmodium vivax. However, the activity of 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives against chloroquine‐sensitive and chloroquine‐resistant strains of P. falciparum has been reported in the literature. To enhance the anti‐P. falciparum activity of quinoline derivatives, we synthesized 11 new quinoline‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole hybrids with different substituents in the 4‐positions of the 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole ring, which were assayed against the W2‐chloroquine‐resistant P. falciparum clone. Six compounds exhibited activity against the P. falciparum W2 clone, chloroquine‐resistant, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 1.4 to 46 μm . None of these compounds was toxic to a normal monkey kidney cell line, thus exhibiting good selectivity indexes, as high 351 for one compound ( 11 ).     

Synthesis,Docking, In Vitro and In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Hybrid 4‐aminoquinoline–1,3,5‐triazine Derivatives Against Wild and Mutant Malaria Parasites

A new series of hybrid 4‐aminoquinoline–1,3,5‐triazine derivatives was synthesized by a four‐step reaction. Target compounds were screened for in vitro antimalarial activity against chloroquine‐sensitive (3D‐7) and chloroquine‐resistant (RKL‐2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Compounds exhibited, by and large, good antimalarial activity against the resistant strain, while two of them, that is 8g and 8a, displayed higher activity against both the strains of P. falciparum. Additionally, docking study was performed on both wild (1J3I.pdb) and quadruple mutant (N51I, C59R, S108 N, I164L, 3QG2.pdb) type pf‐DHFR‐TS to highlight the structural features of hybrid molecules.     

Design,synthesis and in vitro antiplasmodial activity of some bisquinolines against chloroquine‐resistant strain

A series of novel bisquinoline compounds comprising N¹‐(7‐chloroquinolin‐4‐yl) ethane‐1,2‐diamine and 7‐chloro‐N‐(2‐(piperazin‐1‐yl)ethyl)quinolin‐4‐amine connected with 7‐chloro‐4‐aminoquinoline containing various amino acids is described. We have bio‐evaluated the compounds against both chloroquine‐sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine‐resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Among the series, compounds 4 and 7 exhibited 1.8‐ and 10.6‐fold superior activity as compared to chloroquine (CQ; IC₅₀ = 0.255 ± 0.049 μm ) against the K1 strain with IC₅₀ values 0.137 ± 0.014 and 0.026 ± 0.007 μm , respectively. Furthermore, compound 7 also displayed promising activity against the 3D7 strain (IC₅₀ = 0.024 ± 0.003 μm ) of P. falciparum when compared to CQ. All the compounds in the series displayed resistance factor between 0.57 and 4.71 as against 51 for CQ. These results suggest that bisquinolines can be explored for further development as new antimalarial agents active against chloroquine‐resistant P. falciparum.