高灵敏度液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人血浆中普拉克索

目的:建立灵敏、易操作的液相色谱(串联质谱法测定人血浆中普拉克索,并应用于临床药动学研究。方法:血浆样品经乙醚-二氯甲烷(3:2,v/v)液-液萃取后,以乙腈-10 mmol.L-1醋酸铵-甲酸(60:40:0.1,v/v/v)为流动相,Venusil ASB-C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)进行分离,采用电喷雾电离源,以选择反应监测(SRM)方式进行正离子检测,用于定量分析的离子反应分别为m/z212→m/z(111+126+153)(普拉克索)和m/z243→m/z210(石杉碱甲,内标)。结果:测定血浆中普拉克索的线性范围为5.92～740 pg.mL-1,定量下限为5.92 pg.mL-1,日内、日间精密度(RSD)均小于9.7%,准确度(RE)在-2.5%～0.6%之间。本法被成功应用于健康受试者单剂量口服0.125 mg和0.25 mg盐酸普拉克索片的药动学研究。结论:本方法同时选择3个主要碎片离子作为普拉克索定量产物离子,明显改进了分析方法的灵敏度,适用于人血浆样品中普拉克索的测定。     

LC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中的辅酶Q10

目的:建立一种快速、灵敏的LC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中的辅酶Q10。方法:血浆样品经正己烷液-液萃取2次,以甲醇为流动相,CapcellPakC18柱(35mm×2.0mm,5μm)进行分离,采用大气压化学电离源,以多反应监测(MRM)方式进行正离子检测。用于定量分析的离子反应分别为m/z864→197(辅酶Q10)和m/z796→197(内标辅酶Q9)。结果:测定血浆中辅酶Q10的线性范围为10.0～1000ng·mL-1,定量下限可达10.0ng·mL-1,日内、日间精密度(RSD)均小于8.9%,准确度(RE)在-0.9%～3.8%之间,单个样品分析时间为4.5min。结论:本方法分析测试时间短,灵敏度较高,血浆用量少,适用于人血浆样品中辅酶Q10的测定和药物动力学研究。     

柱前衍生化LC-MS/MS法同时测定人血浆中炔雌醇和 依托孕烯及其药动学研究

目的:应用柱前衍生化的LC-MS/MS方法,同时测定人血浆中炔雌醇和依托孕烯的含量,并研究中国健康女性受试者口服去氧孕烯炔雌醇片[炔雌醇(EE)和依托孕烯(ENG)]后的药代动力学特征.方法:血浆样品经过甲基叔丁基醚-正己烷(50:50)液液萃取吹干后,固体物溶解在碳酸钠溶液中,并与丹磺酰氯丙酮溶液在60℃水浴反应10 min,以水-乙腈-甲酸(50∶50∶0.2)复溶进行LC-MS/MS分析.以ZORBAX SB C18(Narrow Bore RR2.1mm×100 mm,3.5μm)为分析柱,流动相为含0.1％甲酸水溶液-含0.1％甲酸乙腈溶液,梯度洗脱.炔雌醇衍生物和依托孕烯的检测离子分别为m/z 530.2→171.1和m/z 325.2→257.3,炔雌醇-2,4,16,16-d4和依托孕烯-d6作为内标辅助定量.结果 与结论:炔雌醇在2～500 pg·mL-1,依托孕烯在50～10000 pg· mL-1范围内线性关系良好.受试者口服受试制剂后炔雌醇Cmax为(400.3+5.1)pg·mL-1,tmax为(2.5±0.5)h,AUC0-t(1998±830)pg·h·mL-1;依托孕烯Cmax为(4790.1±10.1)pg·mL-1,tmax为(3.0±0.5)h,AUC0-t(42593.9±1570.9)Pg·h·mL-1.此为所得炔雌醇与依托孕烯的药动学特征参数.本方法精密度好(＜9％),灵敏度高,炔雌醇达到2 pg· mL-1,依托孕烯达到50pg·mL-1,所测依托孕烯的LOQ浓度很低.     

HPLC-MS/MS法测定人体血浆中扎托布洛芬的浓度

目的:建立灵敏、快速和选择性高的高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定人血浆中扎托布洛芬浓度。方法:采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液(90:10,v/v),地西泮为内标,以多反应监测(MRM)扫描方式进行监测,监测离子质荷比:扎托布洛芬m/z 299.2→m/z 225.2,地西泮m/z 285.1→m/z193.1,血浆样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白后取上清液进样。结果:血浆中扎托布洛芬线性范围为0.02～20.0μg.mL-1,低、中、高3个浓度日内、日间精密度均小于10%。结论:本方法灵敏度高,选择性强,分析时间短,适用于人血浆中扎托布洛芬的浓度测定。     

LC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中替利定和去甲替利定的质量浓度

目的:建立LC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中替利定和去甲替利定的质量浓度。方法:选用Agilent-Zorbax-Eclipse-XDB-C18色谱柱,以甲醇-1 mmol·L-1醋酸铵(75∶25)为流动相,采用正离子,多反应监测方式测定样品质量浓度。用于定量分析的离子对分别为[M+H]+m/z 274.3→m/z 155.1(替利定),[M+H]+m/z 260.2→m/z 155.1(去甲替利定)和[M+H]+m/z 284.8→m/z 192.9(地西泮)。结果:血浆样品中,替利定在0.5～250 ng·mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9936),最低定量质量浓度为0.5 ng·mL-1;去甲替利定在1～500 ng·mL-1范围线性关系良好(r=0.9948),最低定量质量浓度为1 ng·mL-1。二者日内与日间RSD均小于15%,平均回收率高,且稳定性均较好。结论:本方法简便快速、灵敏准确、特异性强,适用于盐酸替利定和去甲替利定的体内药代动力学研究。     

LC-MS/MS方法测定人血浆中多西环素浓度

目的建立迅速、简单、灵敏的液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人血浆中多西环素的浓度。方法血浆样品采用固相萃取的方法,以含0.04%TFA的混合溶液(甲醇-乙腈-水=45∶45∶10,v/v/v)为流动相;采用Dikma C18柱(30 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,通过电喷雾电离源(ESI),以选择性反应监测(SRM)方式进行正离子检测,用于定量分析的离子反应分别为m/z 444.7→428.1(多西环素)和m/z 464.6→448.0(内标,去甲金霉素)。结果建立的人血浆内多西环素测定方法线性范围为50⁵ 000 ng·mL-1,定量下限可达50 ng·mL-1。日内、日间精密度(RSD)均<12%。结论该方法预处理简洁,灵敏,专属性强,可方便用于人血浆中多西环素的测定。     

液-质联用法测定人血浆伊潘立酮的药物浓度

目的:建立高效液相串联质谱方法测定人血浆中伊潘立酮的药物浓度。方法:方法色谱柱为Kromasil 60-5CN(100mm×2.1mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈与5mmol·L-1醋酸铵缓冲液(含0.1%甲酸)体积比为35∶65,流速为0.3mL·min-1,吡格列酮为内标,采用电喷雾离子源,以多反应监测(MRM)方式进行正离子检测。用于定量分析的离子分别为m/z 427.2→m/z261.2(伊潘立酮),m/z357.2→m/z133.8(吡格列酮,内标)结果:伊潘立酮的血浆浓度在20～20 000pg·mL-1范围内线性良好,定量下限为20pg·mL-1,日内精密度<3%,日间精密度<9%,回收率为96.9%～101%。结论:该法操作简单,灵敏,准确,重现性好,适用于伊潘立酮人体药动学研究及生物等效性研究。     

HPLC-/MS/MS法测定健康人血浆中普拉克索浓度

目的 建立高效液相串联质谱法测定人血浆中普拉克索浓度的方法.方法 在碱性条件下,用乙酸乙酯提取浓缩后,进样用LC-MS/MS,固定相为AQ-C18柱(4.6 mm× 150 mm,10 μm),流动相为乙腈-20 mmol·L-1醋酸铵水溶液=60:40,质谱条件为电喷雾离子源、正离子方式、多级离子反应监测,离子反应分别为m/z:212.2→152.9(普拉克索)和m/z 273.2→109.6(吡西卡尼).结果 普拉克索的血浆浓度在5 ～ 1000 pg·mL-1内线性关系良好,Y=1.33×103X+0.05(r=0.9979),定量下限可达5 pg·mL-1.结论 建立的检测方法准确、稳定,可满足血浆中普拉克索含量测定.     

HPLC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中尼古丁浓度

目的建立简单、快速且灵敏的液质联用法检测人血浆中尼古丁的浓度。方法 血浆样品经二氯甲烷萃取后,采用Thermo Hypurity CN柱(2.1mm×150mm,5μm)分离,以乙腈-20mmol.L-1甲酸铵(50∶50,v/v)为流动相,流速为0.30mL·min-1。采用电喷雾离子源(ESI源)正离子多反应监测(MRM)扫描分析,尼古丁和d-4-尼古丁的离子选择通道分别为:m/z163→130和m/z 167→133.9。结果尼古丁的线性范围为0.597～76.48ng·mL-1,最低检测浓度为0.597ng·mL-1,平均提取回收率为70.7%～86.8%,日内和日间变异均<15%。结论本方法简单、灵敏、快速、重现性好,适用于尼古丁的人体临床药物代谢动力学及生物等效性研究。     

LC-MS/MS方法测定Beagle犬血浆中比卡鲁胺的浓度

目的 建立灵敏的液相色谱-串联质谱法测定狗血浆中比卡鲁胺的浓度.方法 血浆样品采用乙腈蛋白沉淀方法,以0.2％甲酸-乙腈(35∶65,v/v)为流动相;采用Zorbax SB C18柱(150 mm×4.6mm,5 μm)分离,通过电喷雾电离源,以选择多反应监测(MRM)方式进行负离子检测,用于定量分析的离子反应分别为m/z428.9→254.7(比卡鲁胺)和m/z 269→169.6(内标,甲苯磺丁脲).结果 建立的体内比卡鲁胺测定方法线性范围为5～2 000 ng·mL-1,定量下限可达1 ng·mL-1.日内、日间精密度(RSD)均＜10％.结论 该方法预处理操作简洁、灵敏、专属性强,可方便用于比卡鲁胺药物的体内药动学研究.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.