正交实验优选亮菌多糖的醇沉工艺

目的 确定亮菌多糖的醇沉工艺.方法 以亮菌多糖含量和得率为指标,采用正交实验法优选亮菌多糖的醇沉工艺.结果 亮菌多糖醇沉最佳条件:提取液浓度1/6g生药/ml,醇浓度80%,醇沉方式流入,醇沉6 h.结论 优化的亮菌多糖醇沉工艺简便、合理可行.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定亮菌甲素琥珀酸单酯注射液含量

目的建立测定亮菌甲素琥珀酸单酯注射液中主药含量的高效液相色谱（HPLC）方法。方法以日本DL Cl8柱（4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm）为色谱柱,甲醇 1%磷酸 三乙胺（45：55：0.05）为流动相,检测波长366 nm,流速为0.8 mL•min 1,采用HPLC法测定亮菌甲素琥珀酸单酯注射液中主药含量。结果亮菌甲素琥珀酸单酯注射液在浓度为1～100 μg•mL 1范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 9,精密度RSD为0.46%,平均加样回收率为102.25%,RSD为1.97%。结论该方法操作简单、快速、准确,可用于亮菌甲素琥珀酸单酯注射液中亮菌甲素琥珀酸单酯的含量测定。     

微波技术提取并测定金钱草中总黄酮和多糖的含量

目的 从金钱草中提取总黄酮和多糖,并测定其含量.方法 运用微波技术提取金钱草总黄酮和多糖,用比色法测定总黄酮和多糖含量.结果 测得金钱草中总黄酮含量为1.36%,平均回收率为100.4%,RSD为1.56%(n=5);多糖含量为8.46%,平均回收率为101.6%,RSD为1.23%(n=5).结论 运用微波技术从金钱草中联合提取总黄酮和多糖,反应速度加快,提高了提取效率.     

复方菌灵芝合剂中多糖含量的测定

目的:建立复方菌灵芝合剂总多糖相对含量的测定方法.方法:采用苯酚-硫酸比色法以葡萄糖为对照品在490nm处测定复方菌灵芝合剂中总多糖相对含量.结果:葡萄糖质量浓度在3.303～11.010 mg·L-1内线性良好(r=0.999 8),平均回收率为98.76%,RSD为1.11%.结论:该方法简便易行,准确,适用于对该产品的快速分析.     

微波提取红景天茎中总黄酮和多糖及其含量测定

目的利用微波技术从红景天茎中提取有效成分总黄酮、多糖,并测定其含量.方法分光光度法.结果测得红景天茎中总黄酮含量1.36%,平均回收率为97.65%,RSD=1.17%(n=3);多糖含量3.57%,平均回收率为98.45%,RSD=1.37%(n=3).结论运用微波技术辅助测定红景天茎中总黄酮和多糖的含量,反应速度加快,收率提高.     

板蓝根多糖的提取及含量测定

目的:从板蓝根中提取多糖,并测定其含量.方法:用水提醇沉法提取板蓝根多糖,用酚- 硫酸比色法测定多糖含量.结果:测得板蓝根中多糖含量0.8099%,平均回收率为98.74%, RSD=1.86%(n=5).结论:板蓝根多糖含量不是很高,提取方法有待进一步改进.     

板蓝根多糖的提取及含量测定

目的从板蓝根中提取多糖,并测定其含量.方法用水提醇沉法提取板蓝根多糖,用酚-硫酸比色法测定多糖含量.结果测得板蓝根中多糖含量0.8099%,平均回收率为98.74%,RSD=1.86%(n=5).结论板蓝根多糖含量不是很高,提取方法有待进一步改进.     

3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法测定亮菌口服液中多糖的含量

目的：建立亮菌口服液中的多糖含量测定方法。方法：以乙醇沉淀法分离多糖,用３,５－二硝基水杨酸比色法测定多糖含量。结果：样品加样平均回收率为９８．７５％,ＲＳＤ为０．７８％（ｎ＝５）。方法：方法操作简便,准确,重现性好,适用于亮菌口服液的质量控制。     

不同产地和采收期芭蕉根中多糖的含量测定

目的 测定不同产地、不同采收期芭蕉根中多糖的含量.方法 采用苯酚-硫酸比色法,测定波长483 nm.结果 测得15批芭蕉根样品中多糖含量为1.29%～3.03%,平均含量为2.06%,平均加样回收率为98.55%,RSD=2.15%.结论 所用方法快速、准确、灵敏,芭蕉根中多糖的含量因产地、采收期的不同而差异明显.     

注射用卡提素冻干粉针中核糖与多糖的含量测定

目的　 建立注射用卡提素中核糖与多糖含量测定的方法。 方法 　采用紫外分光光度法 ,在 6 5 0nm波长处测定核糖的含量 ,在 6 2 0nm波长处测定多糖的含量。 结果 　核糖的平均回收率为 10 0 2 7% ,RSD为0 88%。多糖的平均回收率为 10 0 30 % ,RSD为 0 96 %。 结论 　此方法可行。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.