柱前衍生化—反相高效液相色谱法拆分酮洛芬对映导构件

目的：建立一种用柱前衍生化反相高效液相色谱法分析酮洛芬对映异构体的方法。方法：采用二氯亚砜和S－（－）－1－（1－萘基）乙胺作为衍生化试剂,S－（＋）－酮洛芬和R－（－）酮洛芬衍生化后生成一对非对映异映体。选用Hypersil C18柱,以乙腈－水－乙酸－三乙胺（58：42：0．1：0．02）为流动相,在254nm下检测。色谱流份经电喷雾离子阱多级质谱分析验证。结果：非对映异构件色谱峰的保留时间分别为7．3min和8．5min,分离度为1．9。结论：衍生化产物稳定,方法灵敏度高,重现性好,操作简单,可用于药品质量控制和对映体选择性药物动力学研究。     

多巴对映异构体的柱前衍生化HPLC法手性拆分

目的：建立多巴对映异构体的柱前衍生化拆分分析方法。方法：采用柱前衍生化反相高效液相色谱法,以氯甲酸乙酯为酰化剂,L-丙氨酸-β-萘胺（L-Ala-β-NA）为柱前衍生化试剂,在室温反应20 min 后,依利特 Hypersil ODS2（4.6 mm ×250 mm,5μm）为色谱柱;乙腈-0.05%三氟乙酸为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 mL·min-1;柱温为25℃;检测波长为280 nm。结果：多巴对映体衍生物获得了基线分离,并确认了R（-）-和S（+）-两个衍生物的色谱峰。结论：该方法经济可行,操作较简便,为多巴的药理学研究和光学异构体纯度测定提供了参考。     

柱前衍生化-反相高效液相色谱法拆分酮洛芬对映异构体

目的 :建立一种用柱前衍生化反相高效液相色谱法分析酮洛芬对映异构体的方法。方法 :采用二氯亚砜和S - (- )- 1- (1-萘基 )乙胺作为衍生化试剂 ,S - ( ) -酮洛芬和R - (- )酮洛芬衍生化后生成一对非对映异构体。选用HypersilC18柱 ,以乙腈 -水 -乙酸 -三乙胺 (5 8∶42∶0 1∶0 0 2 )为流动相 ,在 2 5 4nm下检测。色谱流份经电喷雾离子阱多级质谱分析验证。结果 :非对映异构体色谱峰的保留时间分别为 7 3min和 8 5min ,分离度为 1 9。结论 :衍生化产物稳定 ,方法灵敏度高 ,重现性好 ,操作简单 ,可用于药品质量控制和对映体选择性药物动力学研究。     

柱前衍生化RP-HPLC法分离苯乙醇胺类化合物对映体

目的以2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖异硫氰酸酯(GITC)为手性衍生化试剂,建立苯乙醇胺类化合物对映体RP-HPLC分离分析方法。方法采用RP-HPLC法。考察了衍生化反应中碱化试剂和衍生化试剂的浓度等反应条件对衍生化产率的影响,并考察流动相的组成和pH值等因素对生成的非对映异构体分离的影响。讨论了化合物的分子结构对手性衍生化及衍生后的非对映异构体色谱分离的影响。结果在三乙胺和GITC的浓度分别为10和5 mmol.L-1的乙腈溶液中,室温下反应20 min后,有5个苯乙醇胺化合物转化成相应的非对映异构体的硫脲衍生物。在色谱条件为:Diamonsil C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),30 mmol.L-1醋酸铵(pH6.0)-乙腈(体积比为50∶50)为流动相,检测波长254 nm,流速1.0 mL.min-1,室温下,5个苯乙醇胺化合物对映体衍生化后非对映异构体的分离度达到4以上。结论该方法可作为苯乙醇胺类化合物对映体分离的方法之一。     

手性衍生化-反相HPLC法测定福多司坦光学纯度

的一对非对映异构体衍生物（λmax=338am），经ODS色谱柱23mmol／L醋酸盐缓冲溶液（pH6．0）-甲醇-乙腈（60：37：3）流动相进行分离，可测定福多司坦的光学纯度。结果：手性衍生化-反相高效液相色谱法测定福多司坦非对映异构体衍生物的色谱峰分离度大于3，最低检测限浓度约为40μg／L（S／N=3），灵敏度高，衍生化产物稳定，方法重现性好。结论：邻苯二甲醛／N-异丁酰基-L-半胱氨酸（OPA／IBLC）手性衍生化-反相高效液相色谱法可用于L-福多司坦光学纯度的准确灵敏的检查控制。     

盐酸度洛西汀对映异构体的HPLC法测定

建立THPLC法测定盐酸度洛西汀对映异构体的含量。采用手性色谱柱，以甲醇-冰醋酸-三乙胺（100：0．1：0．1）为流动相，检测波长290nm。盐酸度洛西汀对映异构体的检测限为1ng。     

柱前手性衍生化—毛细管气相色谱测定大鼠肝微粒体中安非他明对映体

采用柱前手性衍生化方法，氯化为提取溶剂，以Ｎ－三氟乙酰基－脯氨酰氯「（Ｓ）－（－）－Ｎ－（Ｔｒｉｆｌｕｏｒｏａｃｅｔｙｌ）－ｐｒｏｌｙｌｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅ，Ｓ－ＴＦＰＣ」为手性衍生化试剂，三乙胺为催化剂，将安非他明转变成相应的酰胺类非对映异构体对。用常规非手性毛细管柱气相色谱，程序升温法分离了大鼠肝微粒体中Ｒ－和Ｓ－安非明，在５－２５０μｇ／ｍＬ范围内线性良好，线性方程分别为：Ｒ（－（－－安非他明：     

柱前衍生化RP-HPLC拆分酮洛芬对映异构体的研究

摘 要 目的：建立酮洛芬对映异构体的拆分方法。方法: 采用柱前衍生化RP HPLC法,以L-丙氨酸-β-萘胺（L-Ala-β-NA）为手性衍生化试剂,色谱柱：Hypersil ODS-2柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相：乙腈-0.025 mol·L^-1磷酸二氢钾溶液（40∶60,v/v）,流速：1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长：245 nm,柱温：25℃,进样量：10μl。结果: 酮洛芬对映体衍生物获得较好的基线分离,S-(+) 对映体和R-(-) 对映体衍生物的色谱峰保留时间分别在24.2 min和26.0 min处。右旋酮洛芬在0.025~0.125 mg质量范围内线性关系良好（r=0.998 1）,平均回收率为90.93%（RSD=4.10%,n=9）。结论:该方法简便、准确、快速,为酮洛芬的光学异构体的测定提供了参考依据。     

柱前衍生化RP-HPLC分离巴氯芬的对映异构体

目的建立巴氯芬对映异构体的拆分方法。方法采用柱前衍生化RP-HPLC法,以2,3,4,6-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基异硫氰酸酯为柱前手性衍生化试剂,考察衍生化时间、试剂用量、流动相组成及其pH等因素对手性分离的影响。结果采用ZORBAX-C8(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,在流动相为甲醇-0.05 mol.L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(40:60,pH6.0)、紫外检测波长为254 nm、流速为1.5 m.lmin-1、柱温35℃的色谱条件下,巴氯芬对映体衍生物获得了基线分离,分离度为1.93,并确认了R( )-衍生物的色谱峰。结论所建方法简便、快速,为巴氯芬的光学异构体的测定提供了参考。     

柱前衍生结合手性固定相高效液相色谱法拆分2种氨基酸对映体

目的建立柱前衍生结合手性固定相HPLC法拆分2种氨基酸对映体。方法衍生化试剂：4-氯-7-硝基-2,1,3-苯并噁二唑（NBD-Cl）;色谱柱：OA-2500S;流动相：甲醇（含5 mmol.L-1枸橼酸）∶-乙腈（50∶50,v/v）;检测波长：470 nm;流速：0.5 mL.min-1。结果在优化的色谱条件下,丝氨酸和缬氨酸对映体的分离度分别为2.4和2.5,分离因子分别为1.12和1.17。结论该方法简单、灵敏,可用于2种氨基酸对映体的拆分。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.