反相高效液相色谱法测定十五味沉香丸没食子酸含量

目的 测定十五味沉香丸中没食子酸的含量.方法 采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱：Diamonsil ODS(200 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相：甲醇 0.1%磷酸溶液（5：95）;检测波长：215 nm;流速：1.0 mL•min^-1;柱温：室温.结果 没食子酸的线性范围37.40～187.00 μg•mL^-1,r＝0.999 0,平均回收率为98.85%,RSD＝1.20%（n＝6）.结论 该法适用于十五味沉香丸中没食子酸的含量测定,为完善十五味沉香丸的质量标准奠定了基础.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定小儿速热清口服液中黄芩苷和连翘苷含量

目的 采用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定小儿速热清口服液黄芩苷、连翘苷的含量. 方法 色谱柱为KromasilC18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm ,5 μm), 流动为甲醇 -水- 0.4%磷酸(40：60：1), 流速为 1.0 mL•min^-1 ,检测波长为 277 nm, 柱温25 ℃. 结果黄芩苷、连翘苷分别在 1.8～18 μg•mL^-1(r＝0.999 8), 0.45～4.50 μg•mL^-1(r＝0.999 6)范围内呈线性关系,加样回收率分别为 99.83% (RSD＝0.26 %),99.78%(RSD ＝0.12%). 结论该方法 操作简便, 结果准确、可靠,同时测定两种成分, 为提高药品质量标准提供参考.     

高效液相色谱法测定野木瓜中绿原酸的含量

目的 建立野木瓜中绿原酸的含量测定方法. 方法 用高效液相色谱法测定绿原酸的含量,色谱柱：Diamonsil C^₁₈柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流动相：乙腈-0.1%磷酸（11：89）,流速：1 mL•min^-1,测定波长：327 nm. 结果 平均回收率98.2%（RSD＝1.1% ,n＝6）,绿原酸在9.6～192.0 μg•mL-1呈良好线性关系,r＝0.999 9,精密度RSD＝1.1%,重复性RSD＝1.5%（n＝6）. 结论 该方法稳定、可靠,可作为该药材的质量控制方法.     

高效液相色谱法测定复方醋酸地塞米松搽剂中醋酸地塞米松的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定复方醋酸地塞米松搽剂中醋酸地塞米松的含量. 方法 Agilent TC-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm）;流动相：甲醇-水（70：30）;流速：1.0 mL&;#8226;min^-1;检测波长：240 nm. 结果 醋酸地塞米松在2.02～60.60 mg&;#8226;L^-1的浓度范围内线性关系良好（r＝0.999 5）,平均回收率为101.11%,RSD＝0.80% （n＝9）. 结论 该法操作简便,结果准确,精密度好,可用于复方醋酸地塞米松搽剂的质量控制.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定苯酰甲硝唑干混悬剂的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定苯酰甲硝唑干混悬剂的含量. 方法 采用Hypersil C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）, 甲醇-0.02 mol•L^-1磷酸二氢钾缓冲液（35：65）为流动相, 检测波长为318 nm; 进样量：20 μL; 流速：1.0 mL•min^-1; 柱温：室温. 结果 苯酰甲硝唑浓度线性范围为16.04～513.28 μg•mL^-1, 峰面积对浓度有良好的线性关系（r＝0.999 9）, 精密度实验日内RSD≤0.83%, 日间RSD≤0.91%, 准确度实验平均回收率为100.01%, RSD＝0.94%. 结论 该方法专属性强, 结果准确, 适用于快速测定苯酰甲硝唑干混悬剂的含量.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定敏塞宁滴鼻液中3组分的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时测定敏塞宁滴鼻液马来酸氯苯那敏、地塞米松磷酸钠、呋喃西林的含量. 方法 色谱柱：ZORBAX SB C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm）; 流动相：甲醇-50 mmol•L^-1磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液（60：40）; 流速：1.0 mL•min^-1; 检测波长：240 nm, 柱温：室温. 结果 马来酸氯苯那敏、地塞米松磷酸钠、呋喃西林的线性范围分别为0.199 36～1.993 60 μg（r＝1.000 0）, 0.080 56～0.805 60 μg（r＝0.999 8）, 0.080 32～0.803 20 μg（r＝0.999 9）. 平均回收率（n＝6）分别为99.7%, 99.6%, 99.6%; RSD分别为0.45%, 0.38%, 0.52%. 结论 该方法对3组分分离效果好, 操作简便、快速, 结果 准确, 能同时测定3组分的含量.     

高效液相色谱法测定瑞康特口服液中盐酸美沙酮的含量

目的 建立瑞康特口服液中盐酸美沙酮的含量测定 方法 . 方法 采用高效液相色谱法, Hypersil C18色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）; 流动相：甲醇-1.15%三乙胺水溶液（用磷酸调节pH值为7.3）（85：15）; 流速：1.0 mL•min^-1; 检测波长：292 nm; 柱温：30 ℃. 结果 盐酸美沙酮在0.25～2.00 mg•mL^-1线性关系良好, r＝0.999 9（n＝6）,平均回收率为99.2%（n＝5）, RSD=1.88%.结论 该法操作简单, 重复性好, 可用于瑞康特口服液中盐酸美沙酮含量的测定.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定安肾丸中补骨脂素和异补骨脂素的含量

目的 采用反相高效液相色谱法测定安肾丸中补骨脂素和异补骨脂素的含量. 方法 采用Kromasil C₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相：甲醇 0.01mol•L^-1磷酸缓冲盐溶液（pH值＝6.5）（48：52）,流速：1.0 mL•min^-1,检测波长：245 nm. 结果 补骨脂素：Y＝1.374 6X＋0.112,r＝0.999 9,线性范围：0.012～0.100 μg;异补骨脂素：Y＝1.581 3X＋0.236,r＝0.999 9,线性范围：0.016～0.124 μg. 平均回收率：补骨脂素99.1%（RSD＝1.54%）,异补骨脂素100.3%（RSD＝1.36%）. 结论 该法操作简便快捷, 结果 准确,重复性好.     

高效液相色谱法测定消旋山莨菪碱合剂中山莨菪碱的含量

目的 建立消旋山莨菪碱合剂中消旋山莨菪碱含量的高效液相色谱（HPLC）法. 方法 采用HPLC法,瑞士Spherigel C₁₈色谱柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相：甲醇－0.5%磷酸二氢钾（22：78）;流速1.0 mL•min^-1;紫外检测波长 217 nm. 结果 山莨菪碱在20.0 ～80.0 μg•mL^-1（r＝0.999 4）范围内浓度和峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为100.4%,RSD＜0.8%. 结论 该法操作简便,快速, 结果 准确,灵敏,可用于消旋山莨菪碱合剂的质量控制.     

椎痛安胶囊质量标准的研究

目的 建立椎痛安胶囊的质量标准. 方法 采用薄层色谱（TLC）法对处方中的乳香、狗脊、葛根进行定性鉴别; 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定椎痛安胶囊中芍药苷的含量,以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂 （4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm）; 以乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液（15：85）为流动相; 柱温：25 ℃; 流速为1.0 mL.min^-1; 进样量：10 μL. 结果 TLC色谱中斑点清晰,易于识别; HPLC法精密度、重现性良好. 芍药苷在14.15～113.20 μg.mL^-1范围内有较好的线性关系 （r＝0.999 7,n＝5）, 平均回收率为98.21%（RSD＝1.06%,n＝9）. 结论 所建立的方法 简便可靠,重复性好,可用于椎痛安胶囊的质量控制.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.