聚乙烯醇衍生物作为水凝胶材料的应用研究进展

目的介绍PVA衍生物作为水凝胶材料的应用研究进展,为进一步开发它提供依据和参考。方法参阅近年来国内外相关文献资料,对其进行综合、分析和归纳。结果 PVA水凝胶具有亲水性、柔软性、温和性和良好的生物相容性,其衍生物作为普通水凝胶和智能水凝胶材料被广泛应用于生物医药学领域。结论 PVA是一种极具再次开发潜力的优良药用辅料,具有很大的应用价值。     

基于动态共价键的多糖水凝胶在药物递送及组织修复中的应用研究进展

水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性,广泛应用于药物递送、伤口敷料和组织工程等生物医学领域。按照材料来源可分为合成材料水凝胶和天然材料水凝胶,其中天然多糖水凝胶不仅可以作为材料应用,还具有独特的药理活性和较好的机械性能,逐渐成为首选材料。动态共价键水凝胶由于其结构灵活性、自愈合性能和环境响应性备受关注。本文对采用动态键方式的天然多糖水凝胶体系进行归类和总结,并对该类水凝胶在药物递送以及组织修复方面的研究现状进行概述,以期为新型多糖水凝胶的临床应用提供借鉴。     

温敏水凝胶在药物缓控释技术中的应用

温敏水凝胶是近几年来发展比较快的一种高分子材料,属于智能水凝胶的一种。虽然迄今为止多数仍停留在实验研究阶段,但可以预见该类水凝胶在医学、农学、生物学等研究领域都有着广阔的应用前景。目前在药物控制释放、组织工程以及生物免疫等多个领域备受关注。本文结合近年来国内外对温敏水凝胶的研究报道,主要介绍了温敏水凝胶的性质及其在药物缓控释中的应用,包括其在药物缓控释制剂中应用的优点、适用的药物类型以及存在的问题等。     

海藻酸盐复合水凝胶在癌症治疗中的应用进展

海藻酸盐复合水凝胶是目前肿瘤药物递送系统材料的研究热点之一。海藻酸盐水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性、可再生的特点,然而天然海藻酸盐水凝胶因降解缓慢、凝胶不稳定等缺点使其在机体环境下可能无法实现预期的结果。海藻酸盐通过结合其他材料,并用离子交联、共价交联和自由基聚合等方法形成水凝胶,使其在癌症治疗中得到广泛应用。本文基于海藻酸盐水凝胶复合体系,综述了海藻酸盐水凝胶结构及其基本性质,重点阐述了近几年来海藻酸盐复合水凝胶在常见癌症治疗应用的研究状况,总结当前研究重点方向并讨论了海藻酸盐复合水凝目前存在问题,为进一步拓展海藻酸盐复合水凝胶在临床癌症治疗的研究提供参考。     

基于水凝胶的核酸药物负载策略的研究进展

基因治疗在癌症以及遗传疾病的治疗中具有广阔的应用前景,基因治疗的关键在于如何实现将核酸药物精准递送至靶部位。近年来,研究人员致力于将核酸药物负载于水凝胶中,以实现全身或局部的基因递送。水凝胶系统由于其良好的生物相容性、高效的核酸药物负载能力和局部定位控制释放等优势,为核酸药物的递送提供了有效的工具,在实体瘤和再生医学领域具有巨大的潜力。本文综述了近年来水凝胶系统作为核酸药物载体的研究,并重点探讨基于水凝胶的核酸药物负载策略,以期为基于水凝胶的核酸药物递送系统的研究提供参考。     

海洋来源的可生物降解材料

摘要:近年来,可生物降解材料在生物医学领域的研究取得了突破进展。来源于海洋的可生物降解材料有很好的生物相容性和多样的生物活性,可作为药物的缓控释载体,在组织工程学中可以作为组织替代物和多孔支架,应用十分广泛。本文着重介绍了多糖和蛋白质两大类海洋来源可生物降解材料的物理、化学、生物特性和降解性能,总结了它们在生物医学领域的应用。     

刺激响应型DNA水凝胶及其在生物传感和药物控释方面的应用

目的介绍近年发展起来的刺激响应型DNA水凝胶的研究进展。方法参考近年来发表的文献共31篇,根据外界的刺激方式的不同将DNA水凝胶进行分类并对其应用进展进行了介绍和评述。结果 DNA水凝胶可以根据不同的外部刺激做出响应,如pH、温度、光照、配体分子等,并介绍了DNA水凝胶在生物传感和药物控释中的应用进展。结论刺激响应型DNA水凝胶作为一种新型的智能水凝胶,在快速诊断检测,药物传递等生物医学及药学领域展现了良好的应用前景。     

温敏性聚乙二醇-聚酯类嵌段共聚物研究进展及在生物医药中的应用

环境敏感水凝胶能随外界环境变化由溶液转变成凝胶,其中温度敏感性水凝胶在不同环境温度刺激下即产生相转变。聚乙二醇-聚酯类嵌段共聚物水溶液室温下是流动的液体,达生理温度时则形成凝胶。该类共聚物有温度敏感性、生物可降解性、生物相容性,可注射性,延长药物的释放时间,作为药物缓释载体被广泛应用于生物医药领域。文章综合国内外文献报道,介绍了聚乙二醇-聚酯类嵌段共聚物的合成、物理凝胶化机理,同时综述了其在生物医药领域中的应用,并对其发展趋势及应用前景作了简单的评述。     

水凝胶递药系统的研究进展及应用

水凝胶是一种具有优异亲水性、柔韧性、溶胀特性的三维网状空间结构聚合物。由于良好的载药特性，水凝胶在药物递送、诊断、治疗、组织工程等领域应用广泛。该研究总结了国内外有关水凝胶的近期文献，就水凝胶的分类、材料及性能改进、水凝胶的形成机制与交联剂等方面进行了综述，并展望水凝胶递药系统的发展前景，以期为相关研究提供参考。     

水凝胶在抗肿瘤药物中的研究进展

水凝胶是具有亲水性而又不溶于水的,并呈三维网状空间结构的一类高分子材料,具有良好的理化性质和生物学性质,目前在药物和生物医学领域得到广泛应用。本文将不同水凝胶在抗肿瘤药物的应用上进行了综述,并对其发展进行展望。     

Thermo-sensitive hydrogels for delivering biotherapeutic molecules: A review

To date, a variety of delivery systems based on organic or inorganic materials have been investigated. Among them, hydrogels have become one of the most promising field in drug delivery system due to their unique properties. Temperature-sensitive hydrogels, which gelation at physiological temperature, gift the delivery system with excellent spatial and temporal control, and have a widely application in drug delivery, tissue engineering, imaging, and wound dressing. This review provides a brief overview on the concept and classification of temperature-sensitive hydrogels, and covers the application of temperature-sensitive gel systems in delivery of biotherapeutic molecules.     

智能水凝胶在脉冲控释制剂中的应用

智能水凝胶是一种新型功能高分子材料,在药物脉冲控释方面具有智能化、可自调式化和安全等优点,在药物脉冲控释方面有广泛应用前景。本文综述了温度、葡萄糖、pH值、磁场及电场敏感水凝胶的响应原理及在脉冲控释制剂中的最新应用。     

In situ gelling hydrogels for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications

Since Wichterle et al. introduced hydrogels as novel materials possibly suitable for a variety of biomedical applications, hydrogel research has become a fast-developing and exciting research field. The soft and hydrophilic nature of hydrogels makes them particularly suitable as protein delivery system or as cell-entrapping scaffold in tissue engineering. Traditional hydrogels were formed by chemical crosslinking of water-soluble polymers or by polymerization (of mixtures) of water-soluble monomers. Because of incompatibility of these crosslinking methods with fragile molecules like pharmaceutical proteins and living cells, in recent years research interest has been focused on hydrogels that gel spontaneously under physiological conditions. In these systems, hydrogel formation occurs in situ, at the site of injection, without the aid of potentially toxic or denaturizing crosslinking agents. This review provides an overview of in situ gelling systems and their potential in biomedical applications. Both photopolymerizable as well as self-assembling hydrogels, based on either chemical crosslinks or physical interactions will be addressed.     

Intelligent hydrogels for drug delivery system

Intelligent hydrogel, also known as smart hydrogels, are materials with great potential for development in drug delivery system. Intelligent hydrogel also has the ability to perceive as a signal structure change and stimulation. The review introduces the temperature-, pH-, electric signal-, biochemical molecule-, light- and pressure- sensitive hydrogels. Finally, we described the application of intelligent hydrogel in drug delivery system and the recent patents involved for hydrogel in drug delivery.     

Recent development and biomedical applications of self-healing hydrogels

Introduction: Hydrogels are of special importance, owing to their high-water content and various applications in biomedical and bio-engineering research. Self-healing properties is a common phenomenon in living organisms. Their endowed property of being able to self-repair after physical/chemical/mechanical damage to fully or partially its original properties demonstrates their prospective therapeutic applications. Due to complicated preparation and selection of suitable materials, the application of many host–guest supramolecular polymeric hydrogels are so limited. Thus, the design and construction of self-repairing material are highly desirable for effectively increase in the lifetime of a functional material. However, recent advances in the field of materials science and bioengineering and nanotechnology have led to the design of biologically relevant self-healing hydrogels for therapeutic applications. This review focuses on the recent development of self-healing hydrogels for biomedical application.

Areas covered: The strategies of making self-healing hydrogels and their healing mechanisms are discussed. The significance of self-healing hydrogel for biomedical application is also highlighted in areas such as 3D/4D printing, cell/drug delivery, as well as soft actuators.

Expert opinion: Materials that have the ability to self-repair damage and regain the desired mechanical properties, have been found to be excellent candidate materials for a range of biomedical uses especially if their unique characteristics are similar to that of soft-tissues. Self-healing hydrogels have been synthesized and shown to exhibit similar characteristics as human tissues, however, significant improvement is required in the fabrication process from inexpensive and nontoxic/non-hazardous materials and techniques, and, in addition, further fine-tuning of the self-healing properties are needed for specific biomedical uses.     

Crosslinked hydrogels—a promising class of insoluble solid molecular dispersion carriers for enhancing the delivery of poorly soluble drugs

Water-insoluble materials containing amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) are an emerging category of drug carriers which can effectively improve dissolution kinetics and kinetic solubility of poorly soluble drugs. ASDs based on water-insoluble crosslinked hydrogels have unique features in contrast to those based on conventional water-soluble and water-insoluble carriers. For example, solid molecular dispersions of poorly soluble drugs in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) can maintain a high level of supersaturation over a prolonged period of time via a feedback-controlled diffusion mechanism thus avoiding the initial surge of supersaturation followed by a sharp decline in drug concentration typically encountered with ASDs based on water-soluble polymers. The creation of both immediate- and controlled-release ASD dosage forms is also achievable with the PHEMA based hydrogels. So far, ASD systems based on glassy PHEMA have been shown to be very effective in retarding precipitation of amorphous drugs in the solid state to achieve a robust physical stability. This review summarizes recent research efforts in investigating the potential of developing crosslinked PHEMA hydrogels as a promising alternative to conventional water-soluble ASD carriers, and a related finding that the rate of supersaturation generation does affect the kinetic solubility profiles implications to hydrogel based ASDs.KEY WORDS: Amorphous solid dispersions, Crosslinked hydrogels, Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate), Supersaturation, Kinetic solubility     

自愈型水凝胶制备原理及应用于组织工程产品中的现状

目的：考察自愈型水凝胶的生产及应用现状,并探讨其在医疗器械领域的应用前景,为开展下一步的研究工作提供参考。方法：通过查阅近年的文献资料,总结自愈型水凝胶包含的不同结构单元的性质,阐述其实现自愈的原理,以及应用于组织工程产品的研究进展,并对其在生物医药领域的应用进行展望。结果与结论：自愈型水凝胶具有良好的自修复性、可降解性及生物相容性,但力学性能不足等问题限制了其在临床中使用。在未来的研究中,通过对结构改性解决现存问题,自愈型水凝胶会在医疗器械领域中具有很好的应用前景。     

Hydrogen-bonded interpolymer complexes as materials for pharmaceutical applications

Association of poly(carboxylic acids) and non-ionic polymers in solutions via hydrogen bonding results in formation of novel polymeric materials--interpolymer complexes. These materials can potentially be used for design of novel mucoadhesive dosage forms, development of solid drug dispersions and solubilisation of poorly soluble drugs, encapsulation technologies, preparation of nanoparticles, hydrogels, in situ gelling systems and electrically erodible materials. This review is an attempt to analyse and systematise existing literature on pharmaceutical application of hydrogen-bonded interpolymer complexes.     

Hydrogels: properties and application in the technology of drug form. II. Possibilities of use of hydrogels as active substance carriers

In first unit of running was described the properties, method the obtention and kinds sensitive on factors such how the temperature, pH, the electrolytes, the chosen substances, light, of hydrogels and hydrogel delivery systems. The following study is a review of literature related to application of hydrogel as healing substances carriers, possibility of application of hydrogels in oral, applied on skin and the rectal, vaginal systems of release, applied on nasal as well as passed to eyes and parenteral. The utilization the hydrogels in construction the new systems of release the substance allows to remain the aspect ratio time of substance at the application place, the obtainment of prolonged release the medicine, by parallel of applied dose and the system undesirable effects. The hydrogels on the basis of were received the form of medicine about controlled release the substance, bioadhesive drug carriers as well targetable devices of therapeutic agents.     

Hydrogels for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications

Hydrogels are crosslinked hydrophilic polymer structures that can imbibe large amounts of water or biological fluids. Hydrogels are one of the upcoming classes of polymer-based systems that embrace numerous biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. This review discusses various parameters of hydrogels such as surface properties, water content and swelling behavior, effect of nature of polymer, ionic content, and thermodynamics, all of which can influence the biomedical usage of hydrogels. Meanwhile, intelligent or environment-sensitive hydrogels and bioadhesive hydrogels continue to be important materials for medical applications; therefore, a part of this review is devoted to some of their important classes. Hydrogels are extensively used for various biomedical applications--tissue engineering, molecular imprinting, wound dressings materials, immunoisolation, drug delivery, etc. Thus, this review aims to throw light on the numerous applications that hydrogels have in the biomedical arena.