三氧化二砷对人肺腺癌A549/R细胞多药耐药相关蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨三氧化二砷(As2O3)对人肺腺癌A549/R细胞耐药性的逆转作用及对多药耐药相关蛋白（MRP）表达的影响。方法以荧光分光光度计测定细胞内药物浓度的改变，采用半定量逆转录聚合酶联反应(RT PCR) 技术检测As2O3处理后A549/R MRP基因表达的变化。结果As2O3的非细胞毒性剂量可增加A549/R细胞内多柔比星(ADM)浓度，降低其IC50。A549/R细胞中MRP呈过表达状态，不同浓度的As2O3处理A549/R后MRP表达水平明显降低。结论As2O3可部分逆转A549/R细胞对ADM的耐药性，其逆转机制与改变MRP基因表达有关。     

异钩藤碱逆转人肺腺癌细胞A549/DDP对顺铂耐药性

目的 研究异钩藤碱(IR)在体外对耐药人肺腺癌细胞系A549/DDP对顺铂(DDP)的耐药性.方法 采用MTT法检测药物细胞毒性作用及耐药细胞逆转倍数,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定细胞内顺铂浓度.结果 IR无细胞毒浓度组(3.0μg·mL-1)使A549/DDP细胞对DDP的IC50由16.81 mg·L-1降至3.36 mg·L-1;低细胞毒浓度(8.0μg·mL-1)组的IC50降至2.34 mg·L-1;2组均明显提高DDP在A549/DDP细胞内的浓度.结论 研究表明IR能部分逆转A549/DDP细胞的MDR,并可增加肿瘤细胞内DDP药物浓度.     

华蟾素对人乳腺癌细胞阿霉素多药耐药性的逆转作用

目的以耐阿霉素人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7/ADM为对象,验证华蟾素(cinobufacine,Cino)能否逆转其对阿霉素(ADM)的耐药性。方法采用MTT法检测药物细胞毒性作用及耐药细胞逆转倍数,高效液相色谱法检测细胞内ADM的浓度,流式细胞术测定P-糖蛋白(permeability glycoprotein,P-gp)的表达。结果Cino15mg·L-1能增加MCF-7/ADM细胞对ADM的敏感性,使ADM的半数抑制浓度(IC50)由38.14mg·L-1降至12.93mg·L-1;能提高ADM在MCF-7/ADM细胞内的浓度,降低MCF-7/ADM细胞P-gp的表达。结论研究表明Cino能部分逆转MCF-7/ADM细胞的MDR,其机制与抑制P-gp的功能与表达,增加细胞内ADM的含量有关。     

三氧化二砷对胃癌细胞SGC7901/ADR GST-π和TopoⅡ表达的影响

目的探讨三氧化二砷(As2O3)对胃癌细胞SGC7901/ADR阿霉素(ADM)耐药性的逆转作用和对GSTπ和TopoⅡ表达的影响。方法用MTT法检测As2O3的非细胞毒性浓度和SGC7901/ADR细胞对ADM的敏感性,用流式细胞仪检测细胞内药物浓度及用免疫组织化学法检测细胞GSTπ和TopoⅡ的表达。结果与结论0.4~0.8μmol.L-1As2O3对耐药细胞SGC7901/ADR无明显毒性(P<0.01),As2O3可下调GSTπ表达,提高SGC7901/ADR细胞内ADM浓度,部分逆转SGC7901/ADR细胞对ADM的耐药性。     

浙贝母总生物碱对人肺腺癌A549/顺铂细胞耐药性的逆转作用(英文)

目的研究浙贝母总生物碱(TAF)对人肺腺癌A549/顺铂(DDP)细胞DDP耐药性的逆转作用。方法①离体实验:采用MTT法观察TAF(12.5～200mg·L-1)对A549和A549/DDP细胞的毒性作用;采用MTT法检测TAF 9mg·L-1对A549/DDP细胞耐药的逆转作用,同时设环孢菌素A(Cys A)1mg·L-1和汉防己甲素(Tet)1mg·L-1为阳性对照;实时荧光定量PCR检测A549/DDP细胞多药耐药基因1(MDR1)mRNA相对表达;Western蛋白免疫印迹法检测A549/DDP细胞P-糖蛋白(P-gp)相对表达。②在体实验:制备BALB/c裸鼠A549/DDP移植瘤模型,随机分为模型对照、DDP 5mg·kg-1、TAF2 mg·kg-1、DDP 5 mg·kg-1+TAF 0.5,1和2 mg·kg-1联用组,每两天ip给予DDP,每天ig给予TAF,持续13d,检测移植瘤体积和质量的变化。结果 TAF作用72 h抑制A549和A549/DDP细胞存活的IC50值分别为141±5和(298±22)mg·L-1;IC10值分别为15.3±1.9和(9.0±1.2)mg·L-1。DDP 0.01～100mg·L-1与TAF 9 mg·L-1合用后,DDP抑制A549/DDP细胞存活的IC50值由(14.06±3.72)mg·L-1降至(0.79±0.14)mg·L-1,抑制A549细胞存活的IC50值无明显变化;TAF对A549/DDP细胞DDP耐药性的逆转倍数为17.80倍,高于Cys A(10.16倍)和Tet(14.05倍)。TAF可明显降低A549/DDP细胞MDR1 mRNA及P-gp相对表达(P<0.01)。DDP 5mg·kg-1体内抑瘤率为49.9%,与TAF 2mg·kg-1合用后抑瘤率增至67.4%(P<0.01)。结论 TAF在体内外均可逆转A549/DDP细胞对DDP的耐药性,可降低MDR1 mRNA和P-gp蛋白表达。     

补骨脂素逆转多药耐药细胞系K562/ADR耐药性研究

目的　研究补骨脂素对白血病细胞阿霉素耐药株(K5 6 2 /ADR)多药耐药 (multidrugresistance,MDR)性的逆转作用及其机制。方法　采用MTT法检测药物细胞毒性作用 ,高效液相色谱法检测细胞内阿霉素 (ADR)的浓度 ,流式细胞术测定细胞P 糖蛋白 (P gp)的表达。 结果　补骨脂素 (1～ 2 0 μmol·L-1)能不同程度地降低ADR对K5 6 2 /ADR细胞的IC50 。 2 0 μmol·L-1能显著提高ADR在K5 6 2 /ADR细胞内的浓度 ,降低K5 6 2 /ADR细胞P gp的表达。 结论　补骨脂素能逆转K5 6 2 /ADR细胞的MDR ,其机制与抑制P gp的功能及其表达 ,增加细胞内ADR的积累有关     

注射用黄芪多糖对耐顺铂人肺腺癌细胞A549/DDP耐药逆转作用研究

目的探讨注射用黄芪多糖药物血清在体外对耐顺铂（DDP）人肺腺癌A549/DDP细胞株的耐药逆转作用。方法通过建立小鼠肿瘤模型,运用血清药理学方法,以人肺腺癌敏感细胞A549和耐药细胞A549/DDP为研究对象,采用细胞毒实验（MTT）方法,探讨注射用黄芪多糖对耐顺铂人肺腺癌细胞A549/DDP的耐药逆转作用。结果注射用黄芪多糖药物血清高、中、低剂量组分别与DDP合用时对A549/DDP细胞的耐药逆转倍数分别为1.24、1.41、1.34;且中、高剂量组与阳性对照DDP组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论注射用黄芪多糖能明显增加A549/DDP耐药细胞对DDP的敏感性,提高细胞死亡率,具有耐药逆转作用。     

干扰素与维拉帕米逆转乳腺癌细胞耐药作用的研究

目的:研究α-干扰素与维拉帕米对体外培养的乳腺癌细胞多药耐药(MDR)的逆转作用。方法:以对药物敏感的人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7和经阿霉素(ADM)诱导具有MDR表型的人乳腺癌耐药细胞系MCF-7/ADR为体外试验模型,分别单用及联用α-干扰素与维拉帕米对细胞系进行处理,MTT法检测各组细胞存活率,计算半数抑制浓度(IC50)、耐药倍数和逆转倍数;流式细胞术定量检测细胞表面P-170的表达。结果:α-干扰素与维拉帕米联用后使乳腺癌细胞耐ADM的IC50降低为0.32μmol·L-1,优于二者单用(2.29、1.23μmol·L-1),逆转倍数升高到51.88(二者单用为7.25、13.49),P-170表达低于二者单用。结论:单独应用α-干扰素、维拉帕米均可达到部分逆转MCF-7/ADR对ADM的耐药作用,但二者联用效果更强。     

注射用黄芪多糖对耐顺铂人肺腺癌细胞A549/DDP耐药逆转作用研究

目的 探讨注射用黄芪多糖药物血清在体外对耐顺铂（DDP）人肺腺癌A549/DDP细胞株的耐药逆转作用。方法 通过建立小鼠肿瘤模型,运用血清药理学方法,以人肺腺癌敏感细胞A549和耐药细胞A549/DDP为研究对象,采用细胞毒实验（MTT）方法,探讨注射用黄芪多糖对耐顺铂人肺腺癌细胞A549/DDP的耐药逆转作用。结果 注射用黄芪多糖药物血清高、中、低剂量组分别与DDP合用时对A549/DDP细胞的耐药逆转倍数分别为1.24、1.41、1.34;且中、高剂量组与阳性对照DDP组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 注射用黄芪多糖能明显增加A549/DDP耐药细胞对DDP的敏感性,提高细胞死亡率,具有耐药逆转作用。     

芦荟大黄素对人肺腺癌细胞顺铂多药耐药性的逆转作用

目的：以耐顺铂人肺腺癌细胞系A549／DDP为研究对象，检测芦荟大黄素（aloe emodin，AE）能否逆转其对顺铂（DDP）的耐药性。方法：采用MTT法检测药物细胞毒性作用及耐药细胞逆转倍数，电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法测定细胞内顺铂浓度。结果：芦荟大黄素5mg&#183;L^-1能增加A549／DDP细胞对DDP的敏感性，使DDP的半数抑制质量浓度IC50由16．81mg&#183;L^-1降至5．86mg&#183;L^-1；能提高DDP在A549／DDP细胞内的浓度。结论：AE能部分逆转A549／DDP细胞的MDR，其机制与增加细胞内药物浓度有关。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.