水或四氢萘介质下胜利褐煤的直接加氢液化性能

根据褐煤含水量高的特点,研究了水为溶剂下胜利褐煤的加氢液化行为,并与传统的四氢萘(THN)溶剂进行了比较。在380 ℃、THN为溶剂和H2气氛条件下,煤的液化转化率达到85.3%,其中油气产率和沥青质产率分别为73.2%和12.1%,液化过程中热解产生的自由基碎片是通过供氢溶剂获得活性氢,而非从气相的氢气中直接获得。相对于H2和N2气氛,在CO气氛下以水为溶剂进行的煤液化实验和胜利褐煤表现出优良的液化性能,液化转化率达到70.2%,其中油气产率58.1%,沥青质产率12.1%。在CO/H2O系统中,发生的水煤气变换反应(WGSR)能产生高活性氢,该活泼氢能与煤热解产生的自由基结合生成稳定的液化产物,从而提高了液化的转化率。实验结果表明,在CO气氛下以水为溶剂的液化工艺是可行的,是一种适合含水量较高的褐煤的直接液化工艺。     

煤与木屑共液化的动力学模型

基于煤与木屑以及高分子的中间产物和最终产物结构的不均匀性及煤与木屑中包含大量的顺序和平行反应的事实,提出一个模拟煤与木屑共液化的反应动力学模型。该模型认为煤与木屑共液化经历了以下过程;煤与木屑裂解生成沥青烯、前沥青烯和小分子的气态产物;沥青烯与前沥青烯进一步转化生成油,反应的活化能分别为59.8KJ/mol、43.7KJ/mol和84.0KJ/mol。其中,在一定的反应条件下煤与木屑以及沥青烯与前沥青烯均分为两部分;即可反应部分和不可反应部分,由此得到的理论值与实验值能够较好地吻合。     

合成气气氛下含水量对锡林浩特煤液化性能的影响

在合成气气氛下考察了含水量对锡林浩特煤液化性能的影响。结果表明：在合成气气氛下,煤中适当含水可促进煤在液化过程中的转化。当含水量为7.5%（质量分数）时,锡林浩特煤的液化转化率最高,为84.59%;当煤中含水量较高时,煤的转化率明显降低。此外,煤中适当含水更有利于水煤气变换反应的进行。当含水量为7.5%时,合成气中的CO转化率最高,为26.00%;但随着煤中含水量的增加,CO转化率降至16.93%。通过沥青烯与前沥青烯的红外光谱发现：沥青质中存在大量羟基,煤中的水促进了煤中官能团侧链断裂;但当煤中含水量大于15.0%时,沥青质发生缩聚反应导致煤的液化产率有所降低。     

煤液化动力学模型的研究~+

根据煤结构的不均匀性及煤液化中包含大量串联和并联反应的事实,提出了一模拟煤液化的数学模型。该模型把液化过程处理为两组不可逆反应的串联(即煤裂解生成沥青烯和前沥青烯;沥青烯和前沥青烯生成油),其中每组都包含一系列不同组分的平行反应,从理论上可认为这些反应的活化能服从高斯分布。这一模型能较好地描述同一煤中各组分液化难易程度的不同,也合理地解释了煤液化中表现反应活化能随转化率增加而上升的现象。由此得到的理论值不仅和实验数据一致,也和文献值较好符合。     

工业催化剂用于煤加氢液化的研究

在磁力搅拌高压釜内进行了文题的研究。考察了五种石油加工工业催化刺单独和混合使用时,对煤加氢液化的影响。发现加氢裂解催化剂和加氢精制催化剂按1:1混合使用,可获得较高的煤转化率和油产率,氢耗也较低。进一步研究表明,该混合催化剂适于在较低温度下使用,最佳液化温度随其它操作参数变化。当有催化剂存在时氢压对转化率的影响比无催化剂时显著。催化剂用量增大对液化有利,但操作成本增加。     

年青煤在石油重油中加氢液化的研究

在小型高压釜中试验了不同石油重油和催化剂对煤加氢液化的影响。结果表明,煤的转化率随石油重油中芳烃含量增加而提高,在试验条件下以红旗煤在羊三木减二线油中加氢的转化率为最高,达到60%,向石油重油添加四氢蔡或甲基萘油馏份对煤液化有利。不同的氧化铁型催化剂对煤在石油重油中加氢液化生成油都有一定的催化作用,其中以山东赤泥为最好,在试验条件下可使煤转化率增加7.4%,油与气产率增加22.4%,沥青烯产率下降15%,此外还考察了九种煤在石油重油中加氢液化的性能。     

硅氢反应合成有机硅蜡

在铂络合物催化剂的作用下，以高碳数烯烃化合物和含氢硅油为原料，利用硅氢加成反应合成有机硅蜡。研究了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度对Si-H键转化率和产物运动粘度的影响。确定最佳反应条件为：烯键与硅氢健摩尔比n（C—C）：n（Si—H）-1．12：1、铂催化剂用量3．2μg／g、反应温度130℃、反应时间8h。并对合成产物的分子结构进行了红外、核磁表征，结果表明长链烷基已被接枝到聚硅氧烷主链中。     

污泥的正己烷亚/超临界萃取及其产物特征

对污泥的正己烷亚/超临界萃取特征进行了研究,发现萃取过程中污泥中的有机质发生裂解和脱O、N、S等杂原子的反应,同时伴随污泥颗粒表面水分的有效分离。同时,分析了产物的分布情况及产物的特征,结果表明：采用正己烷亚/超临界萃取可有效提取污泥中的有机质,正己烷萃取物的产率可达19.5%～24.2%（daf）,其O含量较低,N和S含量较高,不适宜直接作为液体燃料燃烧利用,可进一步加氢精制处理后使用;水相产物所含的有机物主要由醇类和羧酸类组成,可作为萃取残渣水热液化的溶剂被循环利用;萃取残渣的有机质中四氢呋喃可溶物总质量分数高达74.1%～84.9%（daf）,可用作水热液化制备生物油的原料。     

石油焦燃烧过程中影响多环芳烃生成的因素分析

利用管式炉层燃方式研究了燃烧温度、气氛等不同条件对高硫石油焦燃烧过程中多环芳烃（PAHs）生成及其分布的影响,探讨了石油焦特性对生成PAHs种类的影响。研究结果表明,石油焦在空气中燃烧PAHs的生成总量随着实验温度（600~900℃）的升高先增加后降低,在700℃时达到最大值。石油焦在氮气中热解时,PAHs生成规律也是随温度升高先增加后降低,在800℃时达到最大释放值。不同反应温度和气氛下释放的PAHs均以低环芳烃为主。相同燃烧条件下,随着石油焦挥发分质量分数的增加,PAHs生成量总体呈现增加趋势;石油焦中硫元素质量分数的增加会使PAHs生成量减少;随着石油焦中碳元素质量分数的增加,PAHs生成量呈现先降低再增加的变化趋势。     

离子交换处理对褐煤加氢液化的影响及其机理

考察了褐煤离子交换处理前后的加氢液化性能,探讨了不同形态铁催化剂和不同溶剂对褐煤加氢液化的影响。发现在液化反应条件下,离子交换煤中的(RCOO)_3Fe分解为Fe_3O_4,后者在有较高供氢性能的溶剂中和有硫存在的条件下进一步转化为Fe_(1-x)S,其催化活性高于Fe_3O_4。此外,在液化残渣的Mossbauer谱中发现有γ-Fe,它可能是由Fe_(1-x)S还原而成,其催化活性比Fe_(1-x)S更高。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…