饲料脂肪酸组分与OLETF大鼠胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的研究不同脂肪酸组分与OLETF大鼠胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法以标准饲料喂养40只雄性OLETF大鼠和10只雄性LETO大鼠至14周,随后将40只OLETF大鼠随机均分为4组,分别以标准饲料(A组)、高脂饲料(C组)、高脂富含n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)饲料(D组)和高脂富含n-3 PUFA饲料(E组)喂养至24周,同时10只LETO大鼠以标准饲料喂养至24周(作为对照组)。第24周禁食10～14 h后,行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),采血测定C肽和免疫反应性胰岛素(IRI)等生化指标。采用正常血糖高胰岛素钳夹技术,评价其胰岛素抵抗状态。结果24周时,对照组大鼠空腹血糖、葡萄糖负荷后120 min血糖和IRI与E组大鼠的差异无显著性(P>0．05),但均明显低于A、C、D组大鼠(P值均<0．05)。各组大鼠间空腹和葡萄糖负荷后120 min的C肽水平的差异均无显著性(P值均>0．05)。对照组和E组大鼠的葡萄糖输注率均明显高于C组和D组大鼠(P值均<0．05)。结论OLETF大鼠较LETO大鼠的血糖水平高,而胰岛素敏感性差。进食高脂富含n-3 PUFA饲料可改善OLETF大鼠的糖代谢和胰岛素抵抗。     

过氧化物酶增殖体激活受体-γ辅助激活因子1 mRNA在OLETF大鼠组织表达的变化

目的过氧化物酶增殖体激活受体-γ辅助激活因子1(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γco-activator 1,PGC-1α)是一种重要的核受体辅助激活因子,参与调节肝糖分解、糖异生以及周围组织对葡萄糖的利用,在维持机体能量代谢平衡和糖脂代谢中起重要作用。本研究通过观察PGC-1αmRNA在OLETF大鼠肝脏、骨骼肌、脂肪和胰腺组织中表达的变化,初步探讨PGC-1α在胰岛素抵抗及糖尿病发病中的作用。方法①实验动物模型建立:从第8周开始喂养OLETF和LETO大鼠10%蔗糖水,每周测体质量,于第14、18、22、28周时进行OGTT并测定大鼠血脂值。OLETF大鼠在第18周时全部成为糖尿病大鼠,动物模型建立成功。②第8周和28周分别取LETO和OLETF大鼠肝脏、骨骼肌、脂肪和胰腺组织,提取总RNA,应用实时定量PCR方法分析组织中PGC-1αmRNA的表达量。结果①OLETF大鼠体质量和三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)随周龄增加逐渐增加,从14周起高于同周龄LETO大鼠,差异均有统计学意义;空腹和糖负荷后胰岛素浓度从22周起OLETF大鼠高于同周龄LETO大鼠。②第8周时,OLETF大鼠肝脏、骨骼肌、脂肪和胰腺组织PGC-1αmRNA的表达与LETO大鼠比较差异无统计学意义。③第28周时,与LETO大鼠相比,OLETF大鼠PGC-1αmRNA在肝脏(0.040±0.006vs0.074±0.003,P=0.029)和胰腺(0.659±0.299vs1.610±0.091,P=0.029)中表达明显下降,而在骨骼肌(0.192±0.065vs0.104±0.012,P=0.029)中表达则明显增加。在脂肪组织(0.055±0.036vs0.161±0.124,P=0.100)中表达有下降趋势,差异无统计学意义。结论OLETF大鼠28周时表现出2型糖尿病早期胰岛素抵抗和高血糖的病理变化,PGC-1αmRNA在肝脏、胰腺和脂肪组织表达减少,骨骼肌组织表达增加,可能是2型糖尿病早期胰岛素抵抗和高血糖状态下的一种代偿性反应,提示PGC-1αmRNA在组织内表达变化可能与胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病密切相关。     

六味地黄丸对OLETF鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的观察六味地黄丸对自发性2型糖尿病大鼠模型OLETF鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法自发性2型糖尿病大鼠OLETF鼠40只,随机分为六味地黄丸干预组和对照组;LETO鼠10只作为正常对照组。干预组从8周龄起以六味地黄丸2.4mg/(kg.d)灌胃给药,其余两组以等量清水灌胃。定期OGTT试验,监测各组大鼠摄食及体重增长情况,每周称量大鼠体重和摄食量。于8,32和40周龄时分批宰杀大鼠。检测血浆胰岛素。结果对照组和干预组OLETF鼠摄食量显著高于LETO组(P<0.01)。对照组和干预组OLETF鼠体重从第6周开始显著高于LETO组(P<0.05)。干预组血浆胰岛素显著低于对照组(P<0.05),与LETO组相比差异无显著性(P<0.05)。结论六味地黄丸能够显著降低OLETF鼠血糖升高程度,延缓高血糖的出现;六味地黄丸能够显著降低血浆胰岛素。     

自发性2型糖尿病大鼠血浆低脂联素血症导致胰岛素抵抗

目的观察自发性2型糖尿病大鼠血浆脂联素(APN)与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法自发性2型糖尿病大鼠OLETF鼠20只,同系健康对照LETO鼠10只作为正常对照组。饲养13和40周后,行口服葡萄糖耐量试验;于8、32和40周分批宰杀,检测血糖、血浆脂联素、胰岛素、血清甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸和胆固醇水平。结果 8周龄时OLETF鼠血浆APN水平显著低于LETO组(P<0.05),并进行性降低。32周龄和40周龄时OLETF组大鼠血浆胰岛素水平和甘油三酯、胆固醇、游离脂肪酸显著高于LETO组(P<0.01)。结论 OLETF鼠血浆APN水平与胰岛素抵抗显著负相关,且先于胰岛素抵抗和葡萄糖耐量受损发生;低脂联素血症可能是导致胰岛素抵抗的重要原因。     

OLETF鼠内脏脂肪沉积与脂肪组织脂联素mRNA水平的关系

目的探讨OLETF大鼠内脏脂肪沉积与脂肪组织脂联素(APN)mRNA水平的关系。方法自发性2型糖尿病大鼠OLETF鼠20只,同系健康对照LETO鼠10只作为正常对照组。监测体质量,定期口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),于8、32和40周分批处死大鼠,检测血糖(BG)、胰岛素、血清甘油三酯(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、胆固醇(CHOL)和血浆APN水平。分离并称量腹部脂肪,并检测脂肪组织APN的mRNA水平。结果随病程进展,OLETF鼠体质量和内脏脂肪/体质量逐渐高于LETO组(P<0.05),并表现出糖耐量受损。血浆胰岛素、TG、FFA、CHOL显著高于LETO鼠(P<0.05),血浆APN水平不同周龄均显著低于LETO组(P<0.05)。脂肪组织APN的mRNA水平8周龄与LETO组无显著差异(P>0.05),在32和40周龄显著降低(P<0.01)。结论血浆APN水平可较好地反映OLETF鼠胰岛素抵抗和内脏脂肪含量。内脏脂肪APN转录水平降低不是初期血浆APN降低的主要原因。     

脂联素在OLETF大鼠脂肪组织中的表达及意义

目的观察自发2型糖尿病动物模型OLETF大鼠脂肪组织脂联素mRNA表达的变化。方法选择4周龄的雄性OLETF大鼠20只,LETO大鼠10只作为对照组,饲养28周后,行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT);取空腹血清测甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸、胆固醇和血浆胰岛素水平;取大网膜脂肪组织,RT-PCR检测脂联素mRNA表达。结果OGTT试验结果显示,OLETF组大鼠负荷后0.5h和1h血糖明显高于LETO大鼠(P<0.05);OLETF组大鼠血清甘油三酯和血浆胰岛素水平显著高于LETO组(P<0.05)。OLETF组大鼠脂肪组织脂联素mRNA表达量明显低于LETO组(P<0.05)。结论OLETF大鼠脂肪组织脂联素mRNA表达水平明显降低。     

Chemerin基因在自发性2型糖尿病大鼠脂肪组织中表达的研究

目的：研究网膜及皮下脂肪组织中Chemerin在自发性2型糖尿病OLETF大鼠中的基因表达水平,探讨Chemerin与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗及2型糖尿病发病关系的机制。方法：4周龄正常不出现糖尿病的LETO大鼠10只作为对照组,4周龄OLETF大鼠10只,2型糖尿病的OLETF大鼠9只,于42周时处死。取网膜及皮下脂肪组织,以实时荧光定量法检测网膜及皮下脂肪组织Chemerin基因的表达水平。皓果：模型组的网膜及皮下脂肪组织Chemerin的基因表达明显高于LETO对照组（P〈0．01）;模型组大鼠网膜脂肪组织Chemerin的基因表达明显高于皮下脂肪组织（P〈0．01）。结论：脂肪因子Chemerin基因表达水平的变化是肥胖、胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病发病的机制之一。     

OLETF大鼠骨骼肌脂肪含量增多与脂肪酸转运蛋白-1表达增强有关

目的探讨骨骼肌内脂肪含量增多的可能机制。动态观察2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗进展过程中骨骼肌内三酰甘油含量的变化；骨骼肌内转运长链脂肪酸的脂肪酸转运蛋白-1（FATP-1）的变化和非诺贝特的干预作用。方法以自发性2型糖尿病动物模型OLETF雄性大鼠和正常LETO雄性大鼠为研究对象。第8周龄随机分为OLETF治疗组（非诺贝特每天20mg／kg）和非治疗组各10只，对照组LETO10只。分别于8、17和30周龄行标准葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT），测量空腹血糖和胰岛素、2h血糖、三酰甘油和胆固醇，17周龄每组随机抽取4只动物杀检，至30周龄全部杀检。GPO-PAP（酶比色法）及油红-O染色WISE1000软件系统评价骨骼肌内三酰甘油含量、Western blot测定骨骼肌FATP-1的变化。结果8周龄时3组生化指标无差异。17和30周龄OLETF组2h血糖、骨骼肌内三酰甘油、FATP-1的表达明显高于同期LETO对照组；OLETF两组30周龄两小时血糖、骨骼肌内三酰甘油较17周龄明显升高，但FATP-1表达较前减弱。每天20mg／kg的非诺贝特不能减少骨骼肌内三酰甘油和增强FATP-1表达。结论胰岛素抵抗大鼠在糖尿病前期已出现骨骼肌FATP-1表达增强，这可能与骨骼肌内三酰甘油含量的增加有关。     

肾内血管紧张素系统在2型糖尿病大鼠的肾脏发育中异常活化的机制

目的 明确在糖尿病OLETF大鼠模型的肾脏发育中肾内血管紧张素系统(RAS)的活性作用.方法 测定雄性糖尿病OLETF大鼠和正常LETO大鼠出生后第1、5、14天及第4～30周时,肾内血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)的含量和RAS系统各组成成分的mRNA水平.结果 正常LETO大鼠和糖尿病OLETF大鼠中,AngⅡ含量在出生后第1天达到高峰,在断奶期前后(出生后1 d～4周)随着年龄的增长而逐渐下降.在出生后1d～4周龄期间,肾脏AngⅡ的含量和RAS组成成分的基因表达2组动物比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).正常LETO大鼠肾内AngⅡ水平在青春期(7～11周龄)逐渐下降,然而糖尿病OLETF大鼠肾内AngⅡ水平在此期间无下降趋势,包括尿中血管紧张素原排泄率.糖尿病OLETF大鼠肾内血管紧张素原和肾素的mRNA水平明显高于正常LETO大鼠(P＜0.05),2组比较血糖的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 糖尿病OLETF大鼠在青春期缺乏维持肾内低水平AngⅡ的发育缺陷是导致肾内AngⅡ异常升高的重要原因.     

从中医脾瘅角度评价OLETF大鼠发病特点

[目的]观察自发2型糖尿病大鼠(OLETF)发病特点及病变过程,为深入研究脾瘅理论提供新的实验平台。[方法]引进OLETF大鼠及正常组同系非糖尿病对照大鼠(LETO),动态观察体质量、腹腔脂肪含量、脂体比、口服葡萄糖耐量、高胰岛素正葡萄糖钳夹实验葡萄糖输注率及血脂变化情况。[结果]模型组体质量、腹内脂肪含量及脂体显著高于正常组,其口服葡萄糖耐量葡萄糖曲线下面积(AUC)显著高于正常组,模型组大鼠稳态葡萄糖输注率均较正常组下降(P<0.05)。血清甘油三酯、胆固醇、游离脂肪酸水平均较正常组显著增高。[结论]OLETF较好体现了中医脾瘅的发病过程及代谢综合征病变特点。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.