外科手术、内镜治疗胆管结石的临床疗效比较

目的比较胆管切开取石（ＣＢＤＥ）与内镜括约肌切开（ＥＳＴ）治疗胆总管结石的疗效。方法４９４例胆总管结石，经ＣＢＤＥ治疗３２６例，ＥＳＴ治疗１６８例，用χ２检验分析两种方法治疗的手术成功率，并发症和死亡率。结果ＣＢＤＥ组中胆囊已切除的１６８例胆管结石，术后残留结石１９例，手术成功率８８．７％。ＥＳＴ组中，胆囊已切除的１６１例胆管结石，１５８例切开成功，３例失败（切开未成功），残留结石１例，手术成功率９７．５％。ＥＳＴ组胆囊已切除病人的成功率明显高于ＣＢＤＥ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。术后并发症ＣＢＤＥ组２４／３２６（７．４％），ＥＳＴ组８／１６８例（４．５％），ＣＢＤＥ组明显高于ＥＳＴ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论在胆囊未切除的胆总管结石病人应行ＣＢＤＥ治疗，胆囊切除术后的胆管结石应采用ＥＳＴ治疗。ＥＳＴ治疗具有损伤小，恢复快，住院天数短等优点。ＥＳＴ是目前治疗胆总管结石的首选方法。     

经十二指肠镜治疗胆总管结石69例分析

目的：探讨经十二指肠镜行逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)及内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)取石对69例胆总管结石患者的治疗价值。方法：应用电子十二指肠镜在X光机下通过监视系统完成ERCP检查及十二指肠乳头肌切开后。采用取石网篮即时取石，较大结石采用机械碎石后取出。结果：经ERCP检查确诊为胆总管结石69例，成功行EST者68例，一次性取净结石66例(95．65％)，其中6例先行机械碎石后成功取石，另2例行第2次内镜下取石成功。结论：经十二指肠镜行。ERCP是胆总管结石的重要诊断方法之一，结合EST行内镜下取石治疗适用于肝外胆管结石及胆囊切除或胆总管探查术后残余结石的处理。     

ERCP治疗胆总管结石的50例临床分析

目的：探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）术治疗胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法诊断明确为胆总管结石的50例患者进行ERCP＋EST＋取石术,必要时行鼻胆管引流（ENBD）。结果内镜下顺利插管并取石40例,插管困难而行针状刀切开后顺利插管并取石10例,一次取石成功率为96％（48/50）,术后并发症：出血2例（4％）,急性胰腺炎1例（2％）。结论内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）术治疗胆总管结石具有独特的优势,临床疗效满意,创伤小,并发症少。     

内镜下微创治疗胰胆管疾病32例疗效分析

目的：探讨通过内镜下微创治疗胆胰疾病的可行性和临床效果。方法：对32例胆胰疾病，胆总管癌栓，胆总管结石，胆总管结石合并化脓性胆管炎，壶腹周围癌，胰腺炎，分别采取了胆总管癌栓取出术，十二指肠乳头肌切开术，鼻胆管引流术，壶腹周围癌胆总管塑料及可膨式支架置入术，胆原性胰腺炎乳头肌切开取石术。结果：胆总管癌栓6例取石全部成功，有效率为100％；12例胆总管结石首次成功11例，有效率91．66％，。3例化脓性胆管炎乳头肌切开取石加鼻胆引流全部成功，有效率100％。7例胰腺炎，6例有效，有效率为85．7％。结论：胆胰疾病通过十二指肠镜下的微创治疗，证明是一个较佳的选择方案。     

ERCP＋EST治疗胆总管结石的护理

目的：探讨内镜下逆行胰胆管造影（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP）＋十二指肠乳头肌切开（endoscopic sphincter-papillotomy,EST）的手术配合及护理要点。方法：回顾性分析我院内窥镜中心自2010年6月至2011年3月期间行ERCP＋EST取石患者的治疗过程。结果：61例胆总管结石患者,成功实施56例行ERCP＋EST＋取石术,38例一次取净结石,18例二次取净结石,5例ERCP未成功,转外科手术治疗。结论：ER-CP手术中护士充分细致的术前准备及熟练的术中配合显得尤为重要,它是ERCP顺利开展的重要保证。     

内镜下乳头括约肌切开术治疗胆总管结石的临床应用

目的探讨内镜下乳头括约肌切开术（EST）治疗胆总管结石的方法、疗效及并发症。方法91例临床诊断为胆总管结石患者经内镜行乳头括约肌切开取石术治疗。结果胆总管结石患者91例，86例均经EST切开取石成功（94．5％），自然排出者12例（13．2％）；采用网篮或取石球囊取出结石有66例（72．5％），采用碎石网篮碎石后取出结石者13例（14．3％）。EST术后并发症发生率为5．5％。结论EST是治疗胆总管结石安全有效的可靠方法。     

内镜联合治疗75例胆囊结石并胆总管结石

目的探讨十二指肠镜＋腹腔镜治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石的疗效和方法。方法对75例胆囊结石并胆总管结石患者行十二指肠镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）＋乳头Oddis括约肌切开（EST）取石术＋腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC），回顾性分析其治疗效果。结果其中63例患者内镜联合治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石获得成功，成功率为84％，无严重并发症。7例十二指肠镜下胆总管结石治疗失败，转开腹手术。5例LC失败，行中转开腹胆囊切除术。结论内镜联合治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石是安全、微创、疗效确切的治疗方法。     

腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除（LC）术与内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开（EST）术联合应用治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的效果。方法：选择22例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者行逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）检查，发现胆总管结石后，在11：00～12：00位置将乳头切开1．0cm，应用网篮、气囊取出胆总管结石，术后2～5d行LC术。结果：ERCP加EST术取石成功19例，LC术全部成功，1例取石失败原因是结石超过2．0cm且坚硬无法碎石，1例疑十二指肠穿孔放弃取石，1例发生乳头切开处大出血．经剖腹手术止血而治愈。结论：LC术与EST术联合应用治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石，尤其是对胆总管结石直径≤1．0cm者，具有创伤小、效果好、并发症少、恢复快等优点。     

内镜在治疗高龄胆总管结石患者中的应用

随着我国老年人口的不断增加,选择适合高龄患者的治疗方法越来越为人们所重视。内镜技术治疗胆总管结石患者痛苦小,无需麻醉。对于各脏器功能减退、对外科手术承受力差的老年患者,这是一种安全、有效的方法。我们采用内镜下乳头肌切开（EST）、内镜下取石配合鼻胆管引流（ENBD）治疗70岁以上胆总管结石患者38例,取得了满意疗效。     

十二指肠乳头旁憩室与胆管结石的关系及内镜下治疗效果

目的：探讨十二指肠乳头旁憩室（JPD）与胆管结石的关系及内镜下十二指肠乳头切开（EST）碎石取石治疗效果。方法：462例逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）患者,发现JPD合并胆管结石68例,比较研究JPD与胆管结石的关系,并行内镜下治疗。结果：JPD发现率22.3%（103/462）,JPD合并胆管结石发现率14.7%（68/462）,占JPD 66.0%（68/103）;68例取石成功63例（63/68）,成功率92.6%,无JPD的胆管结石167例,取石成功158例,成功率94.6%（158/167）。结论：JPD是形成胆管结石的重要原因,内镜下十二指肠乳头切开碎石取石治疗JPD合并胆管结石安全、有效。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.