小儿耳鼻喉手术麻醉的新进展

因小儿耳鼻喉手术刺激强,时间短,且常与气道相关,故麻醉的控制有一定难度,现对国内外现阶段小儿耳鼻喉手术麻醉的改良方法及新观点进行评述,以期对临床工作有较好的指导意义。     

2001年我国医药研究的若干进展

随着国内外生命科学和生物技术等的飞速发展,我国医药技术在2001年取得了长足的进步。提前完成了我国所承担的人类基因组汁划中的1％测序任务,到2000年,中国科学家在功能基因研究和基因组多样性领域共完成研究论文1850篇,遍及医药各领域,研究手段和水平可于国际先进水平媲美,中国完全有条件在“后基因时代”成为主角之一。     

成都市属医院1，175例儿童支气管肺炎住院费用分析

为探讨成都市不同级别医疗机构儿童支气管肺炎单病种费用水平以及不同收费项目占总费用的比例特点及控制医疗费用的有效途径,为患者自主选择就诊医疗机构提供参考指导,对成都市卫生局所属不同级别医院儿童支气管肺炎住院医疗费用分析如下。1资料与方法1.1资料来自成都市卫生局2     

Malaria in children in Birmingham in the 1970s

Thirty-two children with malaria were admitted to Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham, in the 1970s. None was admitted before 1974 and there was a rapid increase after that. All the infections were due to Plasmodium vivax and occurred in children of Asian immigrant families who had been born in or had visited India or Pakistan apart from one infant born in England who acquired the disease transplacentally. All presented within 12 months of entering or re-entering the United Kingdom. The clinical features of the 32 patients have been analysed and it is suggested that more effort should be made to educate travellers about the need for anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis and the necessity to continue it for one month after return.     

2005年广西流动人口疟疾监测结果分析

目的了解广西流动人员疟疾流行现状,进而提出针对性防治措施。方法收集全区网络直报疫情资料和各级疾病预防控制机构疟疾监测数据进行分析。结果2005年广西流动人口发热病人平均疟原虫阳性率为0·33%。80·62%的病人为本地居民外出到疟疾流行区务工感染所致。以从事护林/砍伐比例最高,占44·19%。结论加强返乡流动人口疟疾监测是巩固广西疟疾防治的关键所在。     

大鼠脑出血灶周围星形胶质细胞内糖原含量的变化

目的：研究脑出血后局部超微结构的变化，探讨脑出血的病理生理过程，为临床治疗提供理论依据．方法：健康雄性SD大鼠4只，随机等分为实验组和对照组．实验组采用细菌胶原酶注射制作纹状体脑出血模型，对照组采用相同方法在相应部位注入等体积生理盐水，采用透射电镜观察脑出血后24h病变局部及其周围和对照组超微结构的变化和糖原的水平变化．结果：电镜观察到在脑出血动物出血灶周围区，不同类型的细胞内均可见到各种各样的超微结构改变．最为醒目的是在脑内血肿周围星形胶质细胞胞质和突起内有大量的糖原颗粒聚集，尤其在毛细血管周围的胶质细胞突起内非常明显；小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞内均未发现明显糖原颗粒存在．在生理盐水对照组动物，相应部位的各种细胞的超微结构正常；而且神经元、各种胶质细胞和毛细血管内皮细胞内均无明显糖原颗粒聚集．结论：脑出血周围糖原含量增高，局部存在明显的糖代谢障碍．     

云南省2006年登革热监测分析

目的了解云南省登革热的疫情动态、人群抗体水平、媒介伊蚊种群（包括成幼虫孳生和密度变化）的动态变化、为登革热流行趋势的预测、预警和制定防治对策、措施提供科学依据。方法各级医疗、卫生、检疫机构的医务人员对疑似、临床病例进行及时发现和诊断;在流行季节前随机抽取正常人群血清,-20℃保存,用ELISA方法进行血清学检测;在6～10月采用定时、定点调查法,对登革热的主要传播媒介白纹伊蚊、埃及伊蚊的种群、孳生环境、伊蚊幼虫指数和成蚊密度进行监测,每月1次。结果2006年云南省发生输入性登革热病例18例;健康人群登革热IgG抗体阳性率8．09％。伊蚊幼虫密度布雷图指数（BI）、容器指数（Cl）分别在14～98、4．7～73．68之间,白纹伊蚊成蚊密度在3．5～34只,人工小时之间。结论云南省输入性登革热疫情有不断上升的趋势;人群抗体水平登革热IgG抗体阳性率较高,提示当地人群中可能存在该病毒的既往感染或隐性感染;媒介伊蚊幼虫布雷图指数、容器指数和白纹伊蚊成蚊密度均较高。对登革热传播具有极高的危险性,应引起高度注意。     

Menarche in African girls in some post-secondary institutions in Kenya

Researchers administered a questionnaire to 457 female students (mean age, 22 years) in 4 teacher and 1 agricultural training colleges in Kenya to examine adolescent fertility. The average age at menarche for these post secondary female students stood at 14.4 years with a range of 9-16.5 years. This mean age was 13.9 years for secondary school girls in another similar study in Kenya. The leading source of information about the menstrual period was a friend (36.2%), followed by a teacher/nurse (23.3%) and then the mother (21.6%). Menstruation lasted between 3-4 days for 75.6% of the students. 64.8% experienced moderate to severe pain during their period which may have an impact on school performance. Almost all believed that family life education should be part of the school's curriculum and 58% said it should be taught to students between 12-15 years old. 35.9% felt it should be taught to those 12 years old. 98.7% said a woman should teach the course. 71.1% believed it should be taught to both sexes in the same room. 58.2% reported no access to family planning services. 40.2% did not practice any family planning (some of these may not have yet had sexual intercourse, however). Only 19.1% used modern contraceptives, e.g., oral contraceptives and the diaphragm. The results of this study revealed that the schools need to better inform females about menstruation and family planning. Further, family planning professionals must target female officials and family planning leaders need to review those regulations that prohibit family planning services to post secondary schools.     

三亚市2006年碘缺乏病监测结果分析

目的了解三亚市消除碘缺乏病工作进展情况，为实现消除碘缺乏病提供依据。方法根据《海南省碘盐监测实施方案》和《海南省重点人群尿碘实施方案》要求进行监测。结果生产厂家与批发销售店合格碘盐为98．98％，居民户合格碘盐食用率为63．54％，非碘盐食用率为34．03％，育龄妇女尿碘中住数为161．1μg/L，育龄妇女合格碘盐食用率为64．58％，不合格碘盐4．17％，食用非碘盐31．25％。结论三亚地区非碘盐冲销f＊l题依然存在，在部分地区育龄妇女的碘营养水平还未达到适宜水平，消除碘缺乏病工作仍十分严峻。