王孟英痰证辨治特色浅析

[目的]探究清代温病大家王孟英所著《王氏医案》一书有关痰证的学术思想及临证诊疗经验。[方法]通过对《王氏医案》的系统研习,从辨病求因、临证组方遣药、临床学术价值等方面,对王孟英有关痰证学术思想及临证诊疗经验作出研讨。[结果]王氏辨治痰证,独具慧眼,注重审症求因。痰证病因归咎体内所固有之痰、温病进程中病理产物;病机多责之于火及气机不调;临证治痰,以肺为中心,重在斡旋枢机,同时根据病证不同,从脾、肝、肾、心进行施治,组方用药,灵活多变。[结论]《王氏医案》内容丰富,其对痰证诊治颇有心得体会,诊治痰证,不落窠臼,究其病因病机,责之于火、肺之气机不调,临证重在治肺,兼顾他脏之调摄,时值今日,其论治痰证思想及诊疗经验对临床疾病治疗仍有重要指导意义。     

王孟英辨脉治肺经验浅析

[目的]总结《王氏医案》中辨脉论治肺病的临床经验。[方法]分析《王氏医案》中的六则医案,整理王氏以脉理释病机、辨治肺病及选方用药的思路。[结果]王氏所选六则肺病医案,均为他医误治,或久治、延治不愈的重症顽疾,或虚实难辨,或寒热错杂,或脏腑同病。王氏诊察三部九候之脏腑定位,细推气血阴阳之变化,明辨寒热虚实之真伪,以脉解证,以脉定证;阐述重症顽疾中滑数脉、弦滑脉、滑而缓脉的临床意义,寸滑如珠、尺中小细的脏腑定位,真脏脉如雀啄脉、解索脉的病因病机,指导精准用药,为后世医家拓展了辨证论治思路。[结论]脉诊对于临证,尤其是肺病重症顽疾的辨治,具有重要指导意义。王氏临证重视脉诊,辨脉治肺经验丰富,值得进一步探索和学习。     

王孟英对“露”的认识与应用

[目的]总结王孟英关于“露”的学术思想与临证诊疗经验。[方法]通过对王氏主要论著(以《王孟英医学全书》为主)的系统研习,搜集、整理、分析王孟英关于“露”的论述和临床医案,结合历代医家论述,总结分析王孟英对“露”的认识和临床应用经验。[结果]王孟英认为“露水”甘凉润燥,清暑除烦,有升降之机,随所落生之植物不同而功效不同,既可直接入药,又可代水煎药;他认为“露剂”可保留药物本性,质轻而芳香,可治疗上焦肺病、中焦胃病,亦可治疗痰热内结、肠燥便秘、神昏抽搐等证。[结论]王孟英对“露”的认识独到,应用灵活,其独特的学术思想和临证经验可为现代发展和应用药露提供参考。     

从《古今医案按》按语浅析俞震脉学思想

[目的] 探究俞震《古今医案按》按语中的脉学特点及思想，从而丰富中医脉诊的理论体系，为临床诊治疾病提供借鉴。 [方法] 以《古今医案按》中530余条按语及部分医案为研究对象，结合中医经典著作中相关论述，对俞氏按语中的脉学特色进行分析。 [结果] 分析认为，由于时代背景及师承缘故，俞氏辨证以脉诊为中心；根据脉象与药物的规律凭脉用药，同一患者脉象相同则病机未变，症同而脉不同考虑同病异治，若患者无证可辨时，脉诊为用药的可靠根据；判断预后方面，俞氏依据脉象转变评估病情顺逆；同时利用经络循行解释脉象变化，揭示脉象具有时间关联性。 [结论] 《古今医案按》按语中包含了丰富的俞氏脉学思想，为脉学理论提供了重要的指导和范例，值得借鉴学习。     

从《两都医案》探析明代医家倪士奇脉诊特色

[目的]通过对《两都医案》的整理分析,探析明代医家倪士奇的辨证思维及脉诊特色。[方法]运用文献学方法,将《两都医案》中涉及到脉象及脉理阐释的部分进行分类整理,从病因、病机、病位、病性等方面分析倪士奇脉诊特色。[结果]《两都医案》共载医案69则,均有详细的脉象描述及脉理分析,其脉诊特色为:以脉定病因,通过人迎脉辨别内伤外感,并且将人迎脉的变化作为疾病痊愈的标准;以寸、关、尺脉象局部脉判断患者五脏生克关系,从而确定疾病的内在机制;以脉定病性,对于厥症阴阳之气不相顺接者,多舍症从脉;治内痈,皮色不变难以辨证者,以脉诊确定病位,左手沉数则内痈在左,右手沉数则痈在右,中央沉数则痈在中。[结论]《两都医案》内容丰富,阐理详尽,反映了倪士奇的系统辨证思维及诊脉特色,具有独特的临床价值,值得后世进一步研读、总结及传承。     

连建伟教授从“关脉”辨治慢性萎缩性胃炎经验拾萃

[目的]总结连建伟教授从"关脉"脉诊特点辨治慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠化生的临证经验。[方法]通过跟诊学习,分析研究连教授治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎相关病案,总结连建伟教授从"关脉"脉诊特点辨治慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠化生的临证经验,并附医案佐证。[结果]连建伟教授根据平脉辨证,治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎尤重"关脉"。临证医案脉诊时常以"右关缓""右关大""右关虚大""左关弦"为主。右关脉候脾胃,左关脉候肝胆,两关相参,重调肝脾,认为该病多与肝、脾相关。并参合舌诊辨其夹杂之证,辨脉论治,随证加减,临床疗效显著。[结论]连建伟教授从"关脉"脉诊特点辨治慢性萎缩性胃炎的经验具有浓郁的中医思维特色,临床效果突出,值得学习和推广。     

消渴脉诊与病机结构案析

本文通过梳理全国名中医张西俭教授的"脉气脉质"与"病机结构论"的临证经验,摘析历代医家消渴医案中的脉诊与病机结构,探讨消渴脉诊与病机结构特点及其相互之间的联系。实践发现脉象变化与全身的"气变"存在密切的相关性,"气变"是一切病变的基本病机,由此再进一步探索其他层面的病机变化。病机结构是在深刻认识"气变"的基础上对于每个患者病机个体化的认识,达到治病求本的目的。     

《连建伟手书医案》临证特色探赜

[目的]探讨《连建伟手书医案》所选医案体现的临证特色。[方法]在研读全书116则医案的基础上,总体把握连建伟教授的临证特色,并选择其中的14则典型医案加以探讨,据其脉证,析其方药,明其理法。[结果]连建伟教授的临证特色包括诊察辨证与立法处方两个方面。诊察辨证主要体现在"四诊合参,尤重舌脉",如参附汤证案、苓桂术甘汤证案(二)、大黄牡丹汤证案(二)所述。立法处方包括"病有标本,治有先后",如平胃散证案、八正散证案、猪苓汤证案所述";天人相应,三因制宜",如苏子降气汤证案、蒿芩清胆汤证案、血府逐瘀汤证案所述";病达其机,药尽其性",如温脾汤证案、茵陈蒿汤证案所述";随证施治,中病即止",如小青龙汤证案、真武汤证案、地黄饮子证案所述。[结论]连老临证并无标新立异之法,疗效却可靠卓著,这既得益于他诊察辨证中的四诊合参、见微得过,亦离不开立法处方中的方证相应,故连老的临证特色可进一步概括为"司常达变,守正出奇"。     

王孟英养阴保津学说探讨

王孟英乃晚清浙江名医,尤精于温病,从王孟英的著作及现存16卷临床医案中,可以看到养阴保津的指导思想贯穿于王氏一生的临证过程中,王孟英养阴保津学说可归纳总结为平淡清养、泻阳补阴、行气布津、未伤先护四个方面。     

《张氏医通》郁证探析

[目的]总结《张氏医通》中论治郁证之经验,以求诊治本类疾病时取得更好效果。[方法]通过对《张氏医通》"诸气门"中郁证相关论述的评析及郁证医案的赏析,提炼出张氏对郁证的认识理解及证治经验。[结果]张氏对于郁证的认识,从病因、症状到证治等都有较深刻的理解,并对郁证的传变和治法作了重要发挥,强调证分虚实,郁不例外,治疗郁证讲究或通或通补兼施;且十分重视脉诊,详细论述郁证常见脉象,将脉诊作为审查病机,拟定治法,选方用药,判断预后的重要依据。[结论]《张氏医通》中论治郁证的相关经验,值得借鉴应用于郁证类病症的临床诊治,对于指导后世医家对该证的诊治有着十分重要的作用。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…