华法林预防房颤病人血栓性疾病的抗凝强度研究

目的通过前瞻性随机对比研究,评价华法林低强度抗凝预防非瓣膜性房颤发生血栓栓塞的有效性和安全性。方法将102例持续性房颤病人分为华法林低强度抗凝观察组及华法林标准强度抗凝对照组。观察组抗凝目标值INR1.5～2.0,对照组抗凝目标值INR2.1～3.0。常规门诊随访,检测INR调整华法林剂量,并记录两组病人的终点事件及出血事件。结果随访3年,低强度抗凝与标准强度抗凝相比,血栓栓塞事件的发生率无显著差别,而出血并发症低强度抗凝组明显低于标准强度对照组(0.0%vs14%,P0.01)。结论华法林低强度抗凝(INR1.5～2.0)预防非瓣膜性房颤发生血栓栓塞并发症是安全有效的。     

华法林预防非瓣膜性心房颤动患者血栓栓塞的疗效观察

目的 比较华法林与阿司匹林预防非瓣膜性心房颤动(房颤)患者血栓栓塞的疗效.方法 华法林组给药初始剂量为2.0mg/d,调整剂量,使国际标准化比值(INR)稳定在2.0～3.0;阿司匹林组给药剂量为150 mg/d.常规门诊随访.主要终点事件为缺血性脑卒中和死亡,次要终点事件包括外周动脉栓塞、短暂性脑缺血发作、无症状脑梗死、急性心肌梗死和严重出血.结果 与阿司匹林比较,华法林明显降低主要终点事件发生率(3.3%比10.7%,P<0.05),缺血性脑卒中的相对危险下降69.5%,总血栓栓塞事件相对危险下降71.3%(3.3%比11.5%,P<0.05).华法林组总出血发生率明显高于阿司匹林组(9.8%比2.5%,P<0.05).结论 华法林能更有效降低非瓣膜性房颤患者血栓栓塞发生率,虽然出血发生率高于阿司匹林组,但严密监测INR,华法林仍然是安全有效的.     

华法林预防非瓣膜性房颤患者血栓栓塞122例

目的 比较华法林与阿司匹林预防非瓣膜性心房颤动(房颤)患者血栓栓塞的疗效. 方法 将244例非瓣膜性房颤患者随机均分为华法林组与阿司匹林组.华法林组给药初始剂量为每天2.0mg,调整华法林剂量,使国际标准化比值(INR)稳定在2.0～3.0;阿司匹林组给药剂量为150 mg,每天1次.两组常规门诊随访,平均随访21(3～24)个月.主要终点事件为缺血性脑卒中和死亡,次要终点事件包括外周动脉栓塞、短暂性脑缺血发作、无症状脑梗死、急性心肌梗死和严重出血. 结果 与阿司匹林组比较,华法林组明显降低主要终点事件发生率(3.3%,10.7%,P<0.05),相对危险下降69.2%,缺血性脑卒中的相对危险下降69.5%,总血栓栓塞事件相对危险下降71.3%,联合终点事件发生率明显降低(9.8%,22.1%,P<0.01).华法林组总出血发生率明显高于阿司匹林组(9.8%,2.5%,P<0.05). 结论 与阿司匹林比较,华法林能更有效降低非瓣膜性房颤患者血栓栓塞发生率,但其出血发生率高于阿司匹林组,如果严密监测INR,华法林仍然是安全有效的.     

华法林对老年非瓣膜性心房颤动患者抗栓的有效性和安全性

目的观察阿司匹林与不同抗凝强度的华法林预防75岁以上老年非瓣膜性心房颤动（房颤）患者发生血栓栓塞的有效性和安全性。方法将75岁以上老年非瓣膜性房颤108例分为肠溶阿司匹林组（150mg/d,36例）、华法林抗凝强度国际标准化比率（INR）1．8～2．4（低等强度组,37例）和INR2．5～3．0（中等强度组,35例）三组。观察三组血栓栓塞并发症及出血等不良反应的发生率。结果三组患者基线特征（包括合并疾病和伴随用药）差异无统计学意义。阿司匹林组、华法林低等强度组、华法林中等强度组血栓栓塞事件发生率分别为16．6％、8．1％、5．7％,不同抗凝强度华法株组较阿司匹林组显著降低血栓栓塞事件（P〈0．05）,而不同抗凝强度华法林组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。三组总出血不良反应的发生率分别为2．8％、5．4％、11．4％,三组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但无严重致死性出血病例。结论华法林抗凝强度INR1．8～3．0能明显降低75岁以上老年非瓣膜性房颤患者血栓栓塞事件的发生率,INR1．8～2．4时出血发生率较低,安全性较好。     

达比加群酯预防非瓣膜性房颤患者血栓栓塞的有效性和安全性

目的 比较达比加群酯和调整剂量的华法林预防非瓣膜性房颤患者血栓栓塞的有效性和安全性.方法 选取2013年9月至2014年6月收治的166例非瓣膜性房颤患者进行回顾性分析,分为达比加群酯组(110 mg/次,2次/d)和华法林组(初始剂量为2.5 mg/d),国际标准化比值(INR)在2.0~3.0之间.随访6个月,比较两组血栓栓塞事件及出血事件的发生情况.结果 有效性终点指标:达比加群酯组无血栓栓塞事件的发生,华法林组发生缺血性脑卒中1例,两组患者血栓栓塞事件发生率差异无统计学意义(0.0% vs 1.2%, P>0.05);安全性终点指标:两组均无重要出血事件发生,达比加群酯组发生轻微出血事件4例,华法林组发生轻微出血事件5例,两组患者出血事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 达比加群酯预防非瓣膜性房颤患者血栓栓塞的有效性和安全性与华法林相当.     

利伐沙班对非瓣膜性房颤患者抗凝治疗的疗效观察

目的:探讨利伐沙班和华法林用于非瓣膜性房颤患者抗凝治疗的有效性及安全性。方法:将172例非瓣膜性房颤患者,随机分为两组,利伐沙班组86例,利伐沙班20mg/d,肾功不全者15mg/d;华法林组86例,根据国际标准化比值(INR)调整剂量,将INR控制在2.0～3.0。结果:利伐沙班组发生栓塞3例,占3.49%;出血2例,占2.33%。华法林组发生栓塞4例,占4.65%;出血9例,占10.47%。两组间血栓栓塞发生率无显著性差异(P<0.05),利伐沙班组出血发生率低于华法林组(P?0.05)。结论:利伐沙班与华法林抗凝治疗效果相当,可明显减少栓塞事件,而出血的发生率明显低于华法林,该药既有效又安全。     

华法林在心房颤动患者中的临床应用

目的 观察心房颤动(房颤)患者使用华法林抗凝治疗的可行性及安全性.方法 将80例老年房颤患者随机分为观察组和对照组各40例.在恢复和维持窦性心律的基础上,观察组使用法华林治疗,3 mg/d口服,根据国际标准化比值(INR)调整剂量;对照组使用阿司匹林治疗,200 mg/d口服.观察并记录2组患者INR值及血栓栓塞、出血等事件.结果 观察组华法林维持量(1.75～4.75) mg/d,平均剂量(2.00±0.75) mg/d,INR值为3.08±0.72.2组出血发生率相似(P＞0.05);血栓栓塞事件发生率观察组明显低于对照组(2.5％vs 20.0％,P＜0.05).结论 在严密监控INR情况下,使用华法林治疗房颤安全、可靠、效果好.     

华法林和阿司匹林预防非瓣膜性房颤体循环栓塞

目的:观察华法林和阿司匹林对预防非瓣膜性房颤体循环栓塞发生的预防和安全性。方法:将确诊为高危房颤患者120例分为华法林抗凝和阿司匹林抗血小板治疗两组,观察两组血栓栓塞并发症及出血等不良反应的发生率。结果:华法林组血栓栓塞年发生率为0.17%,阿司匹林组为2.00%,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),其不良反应为出血倾向及皮疹、消化道反应。结论:华法林抗凝强度国际标准化比值(INR)2.0～3.0,较单纯阿司匹林抗血小板治疗降低非瓣膜性房颤体循环栓塞患者血栓栓塞的发生率有明显优越性,且安全性好。     

华法林抗凝治疗临床探讨

目的 探讨非瓣膜病房颤患者华法林抗凝治疗中受影响的因素,剂量调整和INR监测,进一步推广华法林抗凝治疗临床应用.方法 观察66例非瓣膜病房颤患者华法林抗凝治疗剂量与体重关系,个体敏感性及INR监测,随访1年,观察出血及血栓栓塞并发症.结果 本研究66例患者中47例患者华法林维持量与体重(kg)呈显著正相关;相关系数=O.545,P=0.001,华法林平均维持量与体重(kg)乘以0.05非常接近,根据个体对华法林的敏感性不同以1 mg调整剂量,使INR维持在1.6-2.5之间,华法林维持量在1.25～3.25mg,随访1年,有1例小脑出血,3例齿龈出血,无缺血性脑卒中及其它部位的血栓栓塞发生.结论 非瓣膜病房颤患者在合理有效INR强度(1.6～2.5)监测下,根据体重及个体敏感性调整华法林维持量是安全有效的方法,值得进一步临床探讨.     

华法林预防非瓣膜病房颤血栓栓塞

目的探讨华法林及适合的INR预防非瓣膜病房颤血栓栓塞.方法将非瓣膜病房颤患者采用随机的方法将206例分为华法林治疗组103例、阿司匹林对照组103例.治疗组采用华法林片,剂型为2.5mg,服用方法为2.5mg/d,用量范围为1.5～5mg/d,服药后每3d复查1次INR,稳定后1个月、6个月、1年复查国际标准化比值(INR),并依据INR调整华法林用量,使INR保持在1.6～2.5之间.对照组采用阿司匹林片,剂型为25mg,100mg/d,1个月、6个月、1年复查国际标准化比值(INR),随访1年.随访两组患者的临床预后情况,包括:血栓栓塞、出血情况.结果血栓栓塞情况:华法林组血栓栓塞发生率为0.98%/年,阿司匹林组为3.96%/年,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).出血情况:华法林组发生率为2.94%/年,阿司匹林组1.98%/年,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论非瓣膜病房颤采用华法林抗凝治疗并注意监测INR,使INR保持在1.6～2.5之间,是安全有效的.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…