BCYB代数的理想和同构定理

本文使用一种新的方法引入了BCYB代数的理想的概念,并由此引入了BCYB代数的商代数,进而又定义了BCYB代数的同态、同构、同态的核等术语,最终导出了BCYB代数的第一同构定理和双商定理。     

ZY3代数中有限生成的理想

讨论了在ZY3代数中如何由集生成理想及其有限生成理想的特征。并指出ZY3代数中理想的定义与BCI-代数和BCK-代数中理想的定义相同。     

强剩余BCC-代数及其正规素滤子定理

作为各种非可换模糊逻辑代数的推广,引入剩余BCC-代数及强剩余BCC-代数的概念,研究了它们与psMTL-代数、pseudo-hoop等代数结构的关系.研究了剩余BCC-代数滤子的基本性质,建立了剩余BCC-代数的商代数理论;引入剩余BCC-代数的正规滤子概念,证明了强剩余BCC-代数的正规素滤子定理,从而拓广了相应逻辑代数滤子理论的已有结果.     

BZ-代数的理想及其同态定理

引入BZ-代数的理想概念,并证明了BZ-代数的同态基本定理。利用BZ-代数的BZ1-部分,证明了此BZ1-部分是子代数又是理想,且其商代数是群逆BZ-代数。最后给出BZ-代数的群逆理想的概念,借此给出BZ-代数成为群逆BZ-代数和商代数成为群逆BZ-代数的充要条件。     

闭理想与周期零对称BZ-代数

引入周期BZ-代数和BZ-代数的周期部分概念,研究了闭理想和周期零对称BZ-代数的关系。得到如下主要结果:设(X;*,0)为零对称BZ-代数,P(X)={x∈X:x<∞}。则P(X)为X的闭理想;(零对称BZ-代数)X为周期BZ-代数的充要条件是X中的每一个理想都是闭理想;X/P(X)为非周期P-半单BC I-代数。     

BZ-代数与群

研完了BZ-代数的性质。通过引入群逆BZ-代数,使BZ-代数与群紧密联系起来,证明了如下重要结果:群逆BZ-代数与群一一对应;而任何BZ-代数到它的一个群逆BZ-代数上有一个满同态。     

BCK-代数的添零扩张

针对扩张的一种方式--添零扩张进行研究,讨论了添零扩张后的BCK-代数与原BCK-代数在关联性、正关联性、有条件(S)等性质上的联系,并用定理的形式给出了一些重要结论.利用这些结论,能很方便地从低阶BCK-代数的已知性质来推断高阶BCK-代数的性质.     

2＇-氟代核苷酸类衍生物的合成

目的合成2’-氟代核苷酸类衍生物,包括尿苷、胞苷与腺苷类衍生物。方法将1,3,5-三苯甲酰-β—D-2-脱氧-2-氟代阿拉伯糖溴化3,5-三苯甲酰-β—D-2-脱氧-2氟代-1溴代阿拉伯糖生成分别与硅醚化的尿嘧啶、胞嘧啶以及腺嘌呤发生氮烷基化反应生成对应的3,5-0-二苯甲酰-2-脱氧-2-氟代尿苷、胞苷、以及腺苷。再将3,5—0-二苯甲酰-2-脱氧-2-氟代尿苷经过水解生成2-脱氧-2-氟代-尿苷,再经醚化反应生成5-二对甲氧基三苯甲基-2-脱氧-2-氟代-尿苷。将3,5-0-二苯甲酰-2-脱氧-2-氟代胞苷经过N-乙酰化生成3,5-二苯甲酰-2-脱氧-2-氟代-N-乙酰化胞苷,再经水解生成2-脱氧-2-氟代-N-乙酰化胞苷。结果成功合成出5-二对甲氧基三苯甲基-2-脱氧-2-氟代-尿苷、2-脱氧-2-氟代-N-乙酰化胞苷和3,5-。-二苯甲酰-2-脱氧-2-氟代腺苷。结论通过1,3,5-三苯甲酰-β—D-2-脱氧-2-氟代阿拉伯糖的溴代以及其产物与硅醚化的尿嘧啶、胞嘧啶和乌嘌呤的氮烷基化反应,可生成3,5-0-二苯甲酰-2-脱氧-2-氟代尿苷、胞苷、以及腺苷,再各自通过水解、醚化;N-乙酰化,水解等步骤可得到目标化合物。     

西藏小型猪F1代与F0代生长繁殖性能的比较

目的比较研究广州地区西藏小型猪F1代与F0代引入群母猪繁殖和仔猪生长性能的差异。方法观察记录西藏小型猪F1代和F0代的产仔数、产活仔数、离乳仔数、初生重、30日龄和60日龄体重。结果西藏小型猪F1代和F0代母猪其初产平均产仔数、产活仔数、离乳仔数、平均初生重、30日龄和60日龄体重分别为3.83头、2.30头;3.29头、2.20头;3.14头、3.11头;0.66 kg、0.53 kg;2.70 kg2、.30 kg;4.50 kg、4.01 kg;F1代初产仔数和离乳率均显著高于F0代。结论西藏小型猪已经适应了广州高温高湿环境,能够稳定地生长繁殖。     

减法系统Ⅲ——各种BCY代数的等价类

在“减法系统Ⅰ”基础上,引入其它一些BCY代数并研究某些BGY代数的等价类(关于“=”),并证明了等价类的集合分别形成BCI代数、BCK代数或可换BCK代数。     

Rights theory in a specific healthcare context: "speaking ill of the dead"

Generally physicians have a legal and ethical obligation of keeping confidentiality regarding their communication with patients and it is clear that we all have rights. The application of rights theorem, which usually refers to the recognition of individual human rights, to the deceased offers possible answers to the problematic question of patient confidentiality after death. Philosophical considerations broadly support utilitarian ideals concerning the 'common good'. However, it may be possible to rank rights according to a hierarchy of need and thus preserve individual rights where they do not impinge upon the public's right to protection from harm and the physician's right to tell the truth. This has broad implications for confidentiality, anonymity and health care information in general for patients, their families and healthcare workers. We discuss these issues, with specific reference to an individual case.     

中医理论同构律

目的:探讨中医学承载的古典哲学思想中统一的哲理、数理同构规律。方法:从古典哲学思维模型、数学模型以及数学模型公式,精确论证中医理论发生的共同的数学模型统一规律。结果:中医哲学思想潜在着基于统一哲理、数理基础上的同构律;奇数类演化律是中医同构律的根本规律。结论:中医各科理论的发生有必须遵从的哲理、数理规律。     

长三角地区经济增长、产业同构与区域经济一体化

长江三角洲地区作为中国经济增长新阶段的引擎，其产业结构的趋同趋势受到了理论界和政府的共同关注，产业同构到底对一个地区的经济发展有何影响，各有说法。总体看来，产业同构对长三角地区的区域经济一体化有积极意义。长三角地区的产业同构和重复建设客观上形成了广域的产业集聚和规模经济，并未对长三角经济造成明显的不利，正是这种逐渐趋同的产业结构进一步促进了地区经济的发展。     

高等医学院校学生职业理想认知现状与培养探讨

通过问卷调查方式对北京中医药大学246名学生的职业理想认知现状进行了调研.调查结果表明,专业认知对学生的学习兴趣有较大影响,学生对职业发展的认知存在较大差异,大多数学生的职业生涯规划还未形成具体的方案.为了帮助学生树立正确的职业理想和择业观念,应当加强理想信念教育、职业生涯规划教育和法律法规教育.     

What makes a good GP? An empirical perspective on virtue in general practice

This paper takes a virtuist approach to medical ethics to explore, from an empirical angle, ideas about settled ways of living a good life. Qualitative research methods were used to analyse the ways in which a group of 15 general practitioners (GPs) articulated notions of good doctoring and the virtues in their work. I argue that the GPs, whose talk is analysed here, defined good general practice in terms of the ideals of accessibility, comprehensiveness, and continuity. They regarded these ideals significant both for the way they dealt with morally problematic situations and for how they conducted their professional lives more generally. In addition, I argue that the GPs who articulated these ideals most clearly were able to, in part, because they shared the experience of working in rural areas. This experience helped them to develop an understanding of the nature of general practice that their urban colleagues were less able to draw on. In that sense, the structural and organisational framework of general practice in rural areas provided the context for their understanding of ideals in general practice.     

MORPHOLOGY OF ERYTHROCYTES IN URINE:SIGNIFICANCE AND MECHANISM OF POLYMORPHISM FORMATION

Urine specimens from patients with a variety of urinary tract diseases and from healthy subjects were examined by phase-contrast microscopy. Urinary erythrocytes showed polymorphism in 68/69 patients with glomerulone-phritis while in 53/55 patients with nonglomerular lesions of the urinary tract, haematuria was characterised by isomorphism The morphologic patterns of urinary erythrocytes in 17 uremic patients varied with the underlying lesions. In 45 healthy individuals, urinary erythrocytes were also polymorphic although counts were less than 8000 cells/ml. After taking a treadmill exercise test, the urinary erythrocyte counts in 31 normal subjects increased significantly without any change in cell morphology. Administration of frusemide to patients with glomerular bleeding altered urinary erythrocyte morphology from polymorphism to isomorphism with increased numbers of uniform cells appearing in the urine.Possible mechanisms of erythrocyte polymorphism were investigated in vivo and in vitro The results indicated that polymorphism resulted from exposure to sequential changes in osmolality during passage of erythrocytes through the renal tubules. Scanning electron microscopy of erythrocytes confirmed the lindings seen on light microscopy     

中医“阴阳-五行-六气-经络-脏腑体系”构建探源

中医认为人体与自然是相互感应的有机系统,人体小宇宙与自然大宇宙具有同源、同构和同律性,由此而提出了天人相应的理论。文章将五行、六气、脏腑、十二经络及二十四节气等中医基础理论的内容进行了系统地探讨,阐释了天人相应理论的框架体系。     

以医学人文精神促进大学生理想信念教育的实践研究

[目的]分析医学院校医学生理想信念现状,为加强高校学生思想政治教育提供建议与参考.[方法]调研浙江省580名医学专业学生的政治信仰、价值取向、职业认知等理想信念现状,分析存在的突出共性问题,提出相应对策.[结果]当前医学生理想信念坚定、职业认知清晰,但也存在许多矛盾、功利、模糊、扭曲、知行不一等现象.[结论]医学院校应重视学生人文精神培育,开展以医学人文精神为内核的理想信念教育实践活动,对提高学生理想信念水平,提升思想政治教育成效具有重要意义.     

Ideals of patient autonomy in clinical decision making: a study on the development of a scale to assess patients' and physicians' views

OBJECTIVES: Evidence based patient choice seems based on a strong liberal individualist interpretation of patient autonomy; however, not all patients are in favour of such an interpretation. The authors wished to assess whether ideals of autonomy in clinical practice are more in accordance with alternative concepts of autonomy from the ethics literature. This paper describes the development of a questionnaire to assess such concepts of autonomy. METHODS: A questionnaire, based on six moral concepts from the ethics literature, was sent to aneurysm patients and their surgeons. The structure of the questionnaire was assessed by factor analysis, and item reduction was based on reliability. RESULTS: Ninety six patients and 58 surgeons participated. The questionnaire consisted of four scales. Two of the scales reflected the paternalistic and consumerist poles of the liberal individualist model, one scale reflected concepts of Socratic autonomy and of procedural independence, and the fourth scale reflected ideals of risk disclosure. DISCUSSION: The Ideal Patient Autonomy Scale is a 14 item normative instrument. It is clearly distinct from the generally used psychological preference questionnaires that assess preferences for physician-patient roles.     

《丹溪翁传》注释辨难

朱丹溪年轻之时致力于研究理学，后来审时度势选择从医的真实原因，是把医学作中介或者手段，进而实现其研究理学的根本原因，在于天人同构、整体观念的宇宙理论。体现了朱丹溪远大的志士情怀。